河北省昌黎县2014高考英语学生自选训练（4）及答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精河北省昌黎县2014高考英语学生自选训练(4）及答案［科普知识型阅读理解(一)］Ablindbabyisdoublyhandicapped.Notonlyisitunabletosee，butbecauseitcannotreceivethevisualstimulus（刺激)fromitsenvironmentthatasightedchilddoes,itislikelytobeslowinintellectualdevelopment。Nowtheten。month.oldsonofDrandMrsDennisDaughtersisthesubjectofanunusualpsychologicalexperimentdesignedtopreventalag(滞后）inthelearningprocess.Withtheaidofasonar­typeelectronicthathewearsonhishead，infant（婴儿）Dennisislearningtoidentifythepeopleandobjectsintheworldaroundhimbymeansofechoes（回声)．Thedeviceisanimprovementofthe“Sonicguide”，aninstrumentproducedbyTelesensorySystems，Inc.,ofPaloAlto,Thecloseranobjectis，thelowerthepitch,andthelargertheobject，thelouderthesignal.Hardsurfacesproduceasharpping,whilesoftonessendbacksignalswithaslightlyfuzzyquality.AnobjectslightlytotherightofDennis’sendsbackaloudersoundtohisrightearthantotheleft。Thus，bysimplymovinghisheadrightandleftandupanddown,hecannotonlylocateanobjectbutalsogetsomenotionofitsshapeandsize,thankstothevaryingqualitiesofsoundsreachinghisearsastheconeofultrasound（超声波)passesits_edge。Dennislikestousethedevicetoplayakindofpeek。a.boowithhismother。Standingonhiskneeandfacingherdirectly,hereceivesastrongsignalinbothears.Byturninghisheadaway，hemakesherseemtodisappear。“Fromthefirsttimeheworeit，”saysMrsDaughters，“itwaslikealightgoingoninhishead。”WhatremainstobedeterminedishowwellthedevicewillhelpDenniscopewithhissurroundingsashebeginstowalkandventurefurtherintohisenvironment。Meanwhile，Telesensory，Inc.,isworkingonthedevelopmentofsonar(声呐)devicewithsomewhatthesamesensitivityasDennis'forusebyschool。agechildren.1.DrandMrsDaughters'researchisdirectedto________．A．helpingtheblindtoseeandlearnaswellasothersB．benefitingthelearningprocessofblindchildrenC．solvingblindchildren'spsychologicalproblemsD．findingouthowchildrendevelopintellectually2。InfantDennisbecomesthesubjectoftheexperimentmostprobablybecause________．A．healreadylagsbehindthesightedchildrenB．heleadsalifeasnormalasanyotherchildrenC．heisattheearlystageofthelearningprocessD．hehastheaidofasonar­typeelectronicdevice3。WhatcanwelearnaboutinfantDennis'device？A．It'sthefirstdesignthatwasdesignedforblindadults.B．Itsbatteryisassmallasahalf。dollarcoin。C．Itisfunctionallysimilartoasaneorguidedog.D．IthasbeenimprovedbyTelesensorySystems,Inc。4.Inthethirdparagraph，“itsedge"refersto“________”．A．theedgeofanobjectB．theedgeofthedeviceC．theboundaryofDennis’movementD．theboundaryofthepitch5.WhatisTelesensorySystems，Inc。mostlikelytothinkaboutinfantDennis’device?A．Ithadbetterbeusedbyblindchildrenfromschoolage.B．Itneedsimprovingforuseinacomplicatedenvironment.C．Itmaynotbesosuitablefortheblindadults.D．Itbenefitsblindchildrenintermsoflearning。【参考答案解析】B【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一项针对盲童的学习过程的研究。1．B首段第三句末的不定式“topreventalag(滞后)inthelearningprocess”表明了Daughters夫妇研究的目的。另外，文章一开头就提到了本文讨论的重点是针对blindbaby的，由此可见，选项B为本题答案.2．C首段首句提到的ablindbaby，第三句提到的ten­month。old和末句提到的infant等词都表明Dennis成为研究对象是因为Daughters夫妇研究的是盲童从小的学习过程,Dennis年龄很小,正处于学习的最初阶段，符合Daughters夫妇做研究的条件，因此选项C为本题答案.3．A第二段首句中的improvement表明Dennis用的声呐定位仪是“Sonicguide"的改良版，也就是说“Sonicguide”是Dennis的声呐定位仪的原型。根据该句对其功能的描述可以确定选项A为本题答案.4．A第三段第四句中的thanksto表明此处解释了Dennis的声呐定位仪的运作机制,即通过声波描绘物体的形状，该句中thecone指的就是该定位仪，而itsedge应指周围物体的边缘.当声波碰到物体的边缘时，就能通过声音描绘出物体的形状了，因此本题答案应为A。5．D从末段末句中的school­agechildren及句中的其他内容可以推断Telesensory最可能认为Dennis的声呐定位仪有利于儿童的学习过程，因此选项D为本题答案。社会生活类Springiscoming，anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs。Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing,ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus，buttheworkplacemaynot。Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos(纹身）,noserings,orcertaindressstyles。Itistrueyoucan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo“cover"themselvesinordertoconvey(传递)certainmessages.Whatwewear，includingtattoosandnoserings,isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearances,sodocompanies。Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons，butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept。Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom,butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees(雇员),becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers。Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates，soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers。EventhoughIamopen-minded,Ican’texpectallourcustomersare.Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards，aslongasitsstandardsarelegal。1。Whichofthefollowingisthenewspapereditor’sopinionaccordingtoParagraph2？A.People’sappearancescarrymessagesaboutthemselves。B。Customers’choicesinfluencedressstandardsincompanies。C。Candidateswithtattoosornoseringsshouldbefairlytreated。D。Strangedressstylesshouldnotbeencouragedintheworkplace.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A。Candidateshavetowearwhatcompaniespreferforaninterview。B.Whattowearisnotamatterofpersonalchoiceforcompanies。C。Companiessometimeshavetochangetorespecttheircandidates。D.Hiringmanagersmakethebestimpressionontheircandidates.3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A.EmployeesMatterB.PersonalChoicesMatterC.AppearancesMatterD。HiringManagersMatter4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas。A。enthusiasticB。negativeC。positiveD。sympathetic【参考答案】45。CBCB[科普知识型阅读理解（二）］--—---ALastnight'smeteor（流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers。AccordingtoGabeRothschild，EmeraldValley’smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes，expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky。Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead。“Myfamilywassofrustrated，"admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby。“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment。”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast。Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution。Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats，frogs，snakes，etc。Forexample，outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating（迁徙的)birds。AccordingtotheInternationalDark.SkyAssociation，“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties（伤亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly，peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff，Arizona，hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide，andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem，sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.1．Ithappenedlastnightthat________．A.thecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB．themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC．thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD．themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting2．Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A．Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B．Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair。C．Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears。D．Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.3．WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B．Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly。C．Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced。D．Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.4．LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto________．A．lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB．createanidealobservationconditionC．ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD．enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony5．Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A．Savingwildlifeissavingourselves。B．Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy。C．Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy。【参考答案解析】A【要点综述】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响.在Flagstaff，Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施.1．A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“…sobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead。”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A。2．C细节理解题。根据第三段“…havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades。Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfrom…”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。3．D推理判断题.根据第四段第一、二句“…thatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds，bats,frogs，snakes，etc。”以及本段最后一句“…‘100millionbirdsayearthroughout…dieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers。’”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选D。4．B推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“…hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersat…”可知,这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B.5．C主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。［科普知识型阅读理解（一)]----—CAgreatinventionbyan18。year。oldhighschoolstudentgrewoutofasimpleproblemmostteenagersmeetwith.“I'mateenagerandIhaveacellphoneandmycellphonebatteryalwaysdies,soIwasreallylookingforawaytoimproveenergystorage，”EeshaKharesaidonTuesday。“That’showIcameacrosssupercapacitors.”TheteenagerfromCalifornia，whograduatedfromhighschoollastweek，wona＄50，000prizeonMay17，2013attheIntelInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairforcreatingadevicethatcanstoreenoughenergytochargeacellphonein20to30seconds。“Itchargesveryquicklyandcanstorealotofenergy，”Kharesaid.“Thecoolthingisthatit'salotthinnerthanonehair.”Kharehasn’tusedherinventiontorechargeacellphoneyet，butsheusedittopoweralight.emittingdiode(LED）inordertoshowitscapability(容量).Ifusedoncellphones,thesuperchargerwouldslideontothephone’sbatterytochargeitinamatterofseconds.Thetechnologyisn’tavailabletoconsumersyet，anditcouldbeyearsuntilitis。AtanInteleventinPhoenix,KharewontheIntelFoundationYoungScientistAward,takingsecondplaceoverallintheworld’slargesthighschoolscienc