2023年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)考试备考题库附带答案卷3

米宝宝科技2023年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)考试备考题库附带答案题目一二三四五六总分得分第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)JoyceSipesandMaryEllenDodgeWhenJoyceSipeswasdiagnosedwithbreastcancerin1999，shesharedthenewsimmediatelywithhersisterMaryEllenDodge.MaryEllenwasthereforher—helpingherthroughtheterror，andthefear，andthethousandquestionsthatareinevitablyapartofhearingtheword“cancer”.Fotunately，afriendatworkwhohadhadasimilardiagnosishighlyrecommendedAlonzoWalker，MD，MedicalCollegeofWisconsinsurgicaloncologist（外科肿瘤学家）anddirectoroftheFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsinBreastCancerProgram.Joycemadeanappointment.Ataninitialconsultation，Dr.WalkerspenttwohourswithJoyceandherhusband.Joycewassoreassured;shecancelledherappointmenttogetasecondopinionelsewhere.Ultimately，Joyce’scancerrequiredamastectomy（乳房切除术）.Reconstructivesurgerytookplacerightaway.ShecametothinkofDr.Walkerasherpartner,“notjustmydoctor”.AndtheFroedtertnurses,shesays,were“veryunusualandimpressive”.Asitturnedout，JoycewouldsoonhavethechancetodosomethingimportantforhersisterMaryEllen.Duringherowncancertreatment,JoycesuggestedthatMaryEllenshouldgetherselfcheckedthroughtheFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsinBreastCancerProgram.Inadditiontoitsopportunitiesforexaminationandscreening，thehospitalhadestablishedaprogramespeciallyforwomeninfamiliesathighriskforcancer.Sureenough，itturnedoutthatMaryEllenhadsomecysts（囊肿），oneofwhichwasdangerousenoughthatitneededtobesurgicallyremoved.She'sfinenow—thankstoJoyce’ssuggestion.BothsistersexperiencedfirsthandhowFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsinoffersmorethanleading-edgetechnologyandtheunmatchedexperienceofphysiciansinanacademicmedicalcenter.Itoffersacomprehensiveteamapproach—ofconsultation,collaboration,andcare—allfocusedontheindividualpatient.That’swhyJoycecametothinkofFroedtert，throughouttheprocessofhertreatment，asbeingher“securityblanket"JoyceSipeshasbeencancer-freefiveyearsnow—animportantmilestone（里程碑）forbreastcancersurvivors.JoyceandMaryEllenaretogetheronceagainintheirworkshopinJoyce’shome,makingthebeautifulmarketbaskets，breadbaskets，muffin（松饼）baskets，andNantucketbasketsthatthey—andtheircustomers—love.AftertalkingwithDr.Walker，JoycedecidedA.togetasecondopinionelsewhere.B.nottoseeanyotherdoctors.C.togiveuptreatment.D.nottotrusthim.2.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershavecomeupwithanewgenerationofdefibrillators(除颤器)andearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreater__(51)fromsuddendeathfromcardiacarrest(心脏停搏）InGermanyalone,around100，000peopledieannually__(52)aresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecasesarecausedbydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostat_(53)arepatientswhohavealreadysufferedaheartattack,andforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulin_(54)life-threateningdisruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices_(55)onarangeoffunctions,suchasthatofpacemaker(起搏器）.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator_(56)ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogram(ECG,心电图）withinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallows_(57)diagnosisofsevereblood-flowproblemsandapending(艮P将发生的）heartattack.Itwillbeimplantedin_(58)forthefirsttimethisyear.Meanwhile,researchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethat_(59)theevaluationofECGdatamoreprecise.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthis__(60)undergoregularECGs.“Manyofthecurrentprogramsonlytakeinto(61)alinearcorrelationofthedata.Weare,however,makinguseofanon-linearprocess(62)revealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem，，，HagenKnafsays.“Inthiswaychangesintheheart(63)overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.，’AnoldstudyofECGdata,basedupon600patientswhohad_(64)asubsequentheartattack,enabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshowthatthenewsoftwareevaluatesthe(65)considerablybetter.A.forB.asC.withD.in3.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians(百岁老人）FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime：“Howdidyoulivetobe100?”Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormore,thisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity(长寿）isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou，reatit.Eventhoughanestimated70,000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinage,itisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace.Theaveragelife-span(寿命）ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,andeathealthyfood.“Peopletellmeallthetime,‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100，saidMildredLeaver,whoturned100inJune.“Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeelold，，，saidLeaver,aformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown.Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarris,GraceWolfson,GladysStuartandViolaSemas,havealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuart,whois101_Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobe,theyVeallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime.Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmer,designer,schoolprincipal,bookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlives,gainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday.Thefivecentenariansliveinaveryfriendlycommunity.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned4.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Alargecrowd→assembled←outsidetheAmericanembassy.AwatchedBshoutedCwalked

Dgathered5.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)ClinicalTrials1Manyclinicaltrialsaredonetoseeifanewdrugordeviceissafeandeffectiveforpeopletouse.Sometimesclinicaltrialsareusedtostudydifferentwaystousethestandardtreatmentssotheywillbemoreeffective,easiertouse,and/ordecreasesideeffects.Sometimes,studiesaredonetolearnhowtobestusethetreatmentinadifferentpopulation,suchaschildren,inwhomthetreatmentwasnotpreviouslytested.2Itisimportanttotestdrugsandmedicalproductsinthepeopletheyaremeanttohelp.Itisalsoimportanttoconductresearchinavarietyofpeoplebecausedifferentpeoplemayresponddifferentlytotreatments.Somepeopleparticipateinclinicaltrialsbecausetheyhaveexhaustedstandardtreatmentoptions.Otherpeopleparticipateintrialsbecausetheywanttocontributetotheadvancementofmedicalknowledge.3TheFDA(食品及药物管理局）workstoprotectparticipantsinclinicaltrialsandtoensurethatpeoplehavereliableinformationastheydecidewhethertojoinaclinicaltrial.Althougheffortsaremadetocontroltheriskstoclinicaltrialparticipants，somerisksmaybeunavoidablebecauseoftheuncertaintyinherent(内在的）inmedicalresearchstudiesinvolvingnewmedicaltreatments.4Peopleshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheclinicaltrialsthatinterestthem.Theyshouldalsofeelcomfortablediscussingtheirquestionsandconcernswithmembersofthehealthcareteam.Prospective(预期的）participantsshouldunderstandwhathappensduringthetrial,thetypeofhealthcaretheywillreceive,andanycoststothem.Anyoneconsideringaclinicaltrialshouldalsoknowthattherearebenefitsandrisksassociatedwithparticipating.Learnasmuchasyoucanaboutaclinicaltrial____A.forsomepatientsB.beforeparticipationC.inhumansD.medicalknowledgeE.duringthetrialF.candidatesforclinicaltrials6.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Thatguyisintelligentbutabit→dull←A.strangeB.specialC.quietD.boring7.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)FactsaboutStroke1

Every45seconds,someoneinAmericahasastroke.Every3.1minutes，someonediesofone.Strokekilledanestimated167，661peoplein2000andisthenation’sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,rankingbehinddiseasesoftheheartandallformsofcancer.Strokeisaleadingcauseofserious,long-termdisabilityintheUnitedStates.2

Strokeisatypeofcardiovascular(心血管的）disease.Itaffectsthearteries(动脉）leadingtoandwithinthebrain.Astrokeoccurswhenabloodvesselthatcarriesoxygenandnutrients(营养物)tothebrainiseitherblockedbyaclot(凝块)orbursts.Whenthathappens,partofthebraincannotgettheblood(andoxygen)itneeds,soitstartstodie.3

Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbodyfunctions.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcan’treachtheregionthatcontrolsaparticularbodyfunction,thatpartofthebodywon’tworkasitshould.Ifthestrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain,forinstance,it’slikelythatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.Theeffectsofastrokedependprimarilyonthelocationoftheobstruction(阻塞）andtheextentofbraintissueaffected.4

TheAmericanStrokeAssociationhasidentifiedseveralfactorsthatincreasetheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactorsapersonhas,thegreaterthechancethatheorshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan'tcontrol,suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory,race,andpriorstroke.Butyoucanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresultingfromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider’shelp.Someoftheseinclude：highbloodpressure,currentsmoking,heartdisease,andhighredbloodcellcount.5

Astrokecanhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infactabout600,000peoplehavestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyears,therewasnohopeforthosesufferingastroke.However,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthetreatmentstowork,thepersonmustgettoahospitalimmediately.Paragraph5_A

EffectsofastrokeB

AnnualcostofstrokeintheUSC

DefinitionanddescriptionofastrokeD

BreakthroughsintreatmentE

RiskfactorsofstrokeF

Warningsignsofastroke8.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Respectforlifeisa→cardinal←principleofthelaw.A.moralB.regularC.hardD.fundamental9.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivorsCanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates,afterheartdisease.Inthe—_(51),itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatients

nowlivelonger__(52)ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment.Researcherssaydeath_(53)intheUnitedStatesfromallcancers

combinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomen,andforcancersin

(54).TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined

(55)anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients.Thestudycoveredtheperiod_(56)1971to2001.Theresearchersfound

therearethree_(57)asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirty

yearsago.In1971，theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer

(58).Todaythereareaboutten-million.Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe(59)infiveyears.Thirtyyearsago,thefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernment

wantsto_(60)thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010.Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65

yearsand_(61)

’Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive(62)longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleast

fiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat_(63)tenyears.Inthe1970s,thefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960s,mostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey

(64)more

improvementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infact,theysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe_(65)numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.Aas

Bby

Cat

Dfor10.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians(百岁老人）FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime：“Howdidyoulivetobe100?”Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormore,thisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity(长寿）isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou，reatit.Eventhoughanestimated70,000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinage,itisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace.Theaveragelife-span(寿命）ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,andeathealthyfood.“Peopletellmeallthetime,‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100，saidMildredLeaver,whoturned100inJune.“Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeelold，，，saidLeaver,aformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown.Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarris,GraceWolfson,GladysStuartandViolaSemas,havealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuart,whois101_Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobe,theyVeallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime.Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmer,designer,schoolprincipal,bookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlives,gainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday.Currentlyabout70，000peopleareaged100oraboveinAmerica.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned11.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians(百岁老人）FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime：“Howdidyoulivetobe100?”Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormore,thisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity(长寿）isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou，reatit.Eventhoughanestimated70，000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinage,itisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace.Theaveragelife-span(寿命）ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,andeathealthyfood.“Peopletellmeallthetime,‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100，saidMildredLeaver,whoturned100inJune.“Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeelold，，，saidLeaver,aformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown.Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarris,GraceWolfson,GladysStuartandViolaSemas,havealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuart,whois101.Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobe,they’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime.Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmer,designer,schoolprincipal，bookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlives,gainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday.Currentlyabout70，000peopleareaged100oraboveinAmerica.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned12.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)

FactsaboutStroke1Every45seconds,someoneinAmericahasastroke.Every3.1minutes，someonediesofone.Strokekilledanestimated167,661peoplein2000andisthenation’sthirdleadingcauseofdeath，rankingbehinddiseasesoftheheartandallformsofcancer.Strokeisaleadingcauseofserious，long-termdisabilityintheUnitedStates.2Strokeisatypeofcardiovascular（心血管的）disease.Itaffectsthearteries（动脉）leadingtoandwithinthebrain.Astrokeoccurswhenabloodvesselthatcarriesoxygenandnutrients（营养物）tothebrainiseitherblockedbyaclot（凝块）orbursts.Whenthathappens，partofthebraincannotgettheblood(andoxygen)itneeds，soitstartstodie.3Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbodyfunctions.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcan’treachtheregionthatcontrolsaparticularbodyfunction，thatpartofthebodywon’tworkasitshould.Ifthestrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain，forinstance，it'slikelythatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.Theeffectsofastrokedependprimarilyonthelocationoftheobstruction（阻塞）andtheextentofbraintissueaffected.4TheAmericanStrokeAssociationhasidentifiedseveralfactorsthatincreasetheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactorsapersonhas，thegreaterthechancethatheorshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan’tcontrol，suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory，race，andpriorstroke.Butyoucanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresumingfromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider’shelp.Someoftheseinclude:highbloodpressure,currentsmoking,heartdisease,andhighredbloodcellcount.5Astrokecanhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infactabout600,000peoplehavestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyears，therewasnohopeforthosesufferingastroke.However,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthetreatmentstowork,thepersonmustgettoahospitalimmediately.Paragraph4→

←A.EffectsofastrokeB.AnnualcostofstrokeintheUSC.DefinitionanddescriptionofastrokeD.BreakthroughsintreatmentE.RiskfactorsofstrokeF.Warningsignsofastroke13.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Ihavelittleinformation→asregards←herfitnessforthepost.A.atB.withC.aboutD.from14.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)WayneBenoWayneBenowasatrueoutdoorsman.Fishing,boating，hunting,walkingthroughthewoodswithhisthreedogs,Waynelovedanddiditall.Thenlifechangeddramatically.WaynewasdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease(帕金森氏病）“ForthenextthirteenyearsItook28pillsaday,hadhorriblesideeffects,andevenwithallthosepillsIstillhadlotsofshakingandtremors(颜抖）.Ionlywentoutduringpeaktimes,whenIwaslookingandfeelingmybest.ButthatwasnloftenandIreallycouldrTtdomuchofanything.IfeltlikethelifeIlovedwasover，，，saidWayne.ThenWayne’sdoctorinGreenBaysuggestedheconsiderabreakthroughsurgicaloptionbeingofferedatFroedtert&theMedicalCollegeofWisconsincalledDeepBrainStimulation(刺激)(DBS).DBSisasurgicaloptionusedtotreatdisablingmovementdisordersrelatedtoParkinson’sdisease,essentialtremorandmore.Itisnotacure,butsignificantimprovementisseeninmostmovementdisordercases，withrelativelylowrisktothepatient.Inadditiontohisdoctor’srecommendation,WaynehadaneighborandfishingfriendwhohadtheDBSprocedureatFroedtert&theMedicalCollegeofWisconsin.Hisfriend’sexperienceconvincedWaynethatthe180-miletripfromhishomeinCrivitz,Wisconsincouldbewellworththeeffort.Andwasitever.“ItwasthebestthingIeverdid.I，mdowntozeropillsadayandIdon’tshakeatall，，，reportsWayne.“Beforethesurgery,Ifeltbadeverysingleday.NowIfeellikemyoldself.I，mbacktobusinessasusual,whichformemeansfishing,fishing,andmorefishing,everydayoftheyear.Thingsjustcouldn’tbeanybetter!”WhatwastrueofthepillsWaynetookfor13years?A.Theycuredhisdisease.B.Theyproducedterriblesideeffects.C.Theystoppedhisshakingandtremors.D.Theyenabledhimtogooutasoftenasbefore.15.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)Sprained(扭伤）AnkleOneofthemostcommoninjuriesteenagersandadultsexperienceisasprainedankle.Asprainoccurswhentheligaments(韧带）ofajointaretwisted(扭伤）andpossiblytorn.Ligamentsarebandsoffibersthatholdthebonesofajointinposition.Aspraincanoccurfromasuddentwistingatthejoint，orastretchingortearingofthefibersoftheligaments.Theinjuredareausuallyswells(肿胀）andbecomesblackandblue.Steppingoffthesidewalkatthewrongangleorhavingonefootlandinaholewhilewalkingorrunningcanleaveyourollingonthegroundinpainwithanantdeonfire!Ifyoucannotwalkwithoutexperiencingintensepain，youmustseekmedicalhelp.Ifthepainismanageable，andyoucanwalk，herearethreewordstohelpyourememberhowtotreatyourself:■Elevate(抬高）■Cool■Bandage(打绷带)Assoonasthereisinjurytothatligament,therewillbeacertainamountofbleedingundertheskin.Oncethebloodpoolsaroundthedamagedbloodvessels，swellingoccurs.Thepressurefromtheswellingresultsinadditionalstressandtendemesstotheregion.Inorder

toreducethedegreeofswelling，liedownassoonaspossibleandkeeptheankleelevatedsothatitisactuallyhigherthanyourheart.Next，toreduceblooddistributionandkeepbleeding(流血）toaminimum，applyacoldpack.After20mhiutes，takethepackoff，waithalfanhour，andthenreapply.Thiscanbedoneseveraltimesadayforatotalofthreedays.

Neverleaveacoldpackonformorethan20minutesatatime.Reducingthetemperatureinthatareaforanextendedperiodoftimesignalsthebodytoincreaseblood

flowtoraisethebodytemperature!Therefore，oneaccidentallytriggers(引起）moreblood

distributiontotheaffectedareabyleavingacoldpackonfortoolong!Finally,bandagethe

ankle.Becarefulnottowindittootightly;doingsocanrestrictbloodflowandcauseharmtotheentirefoot.38Theword“it”inparagraph2(line5)referstoAinjury.Bpressure.Cswelling.Dankle.16.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswill→expire←soon.A.shortenB.startC.endD.resume17.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainecTseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(佛教）culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,BhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandtheInternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenextcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms.18.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Mostbabiescan→takein←awiderangeoffoodeasily.A.bringB.keepC.serveD.digest19.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)弟一篇

TheWorkfsBest-Se川ngMedicine

Sinceancienttimes，peopleallovertheworldhaveusedw川owtostoppain.Thewillowtreecontainssalicyticacid(水杨酸）.Thisstopspain，butthereisoneproblem.Salicylicacidalsohurtsthestomach.In1853，aFrenchscientistmadeamixturefromwillowthatdidnothurtthestomach.However,hismixturewasdifficulttomake，andhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit.

In1897,inGermany,FelixHoffmannalsomadeamixturewithsalicylicatcid.Hetriedithimselffirstabouthengaveittohisfatherbecausehisfatherwasoldandinalotofpain.Hisfather'spreventaway,andthemixturedidnothurthisstomach.

HoffmannWorkedforBayer,aGermancompany.Heshowedhisnewdrugtohism