2023年考研考博考博英语西安建筑科技大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西安建筑科技大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Theeditorconsideredtheauthor’sanalysisinthisarticletobepenetrating.问题1选项A.extensiveB.profoundC.conclusiveD.valuable2.不定项选择题TheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbooks,DoingOurOwnThing,TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960s’counter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,WhyWeShouldLike,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onepaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（）.2.Theword“talking”(paragraph1)denotes（）.3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementsisMcWhortermostlikelytoagree?4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s（）.5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（）.问题1选项A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreformsB.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopmentC.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-cultureD.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s问题2选项A.modestyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality问题3选项A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.问题4选项A.interestintheirlanguageB.appreciationoftheireffortsC.admirationfortheirmemoryD.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness问题5选项A.“temporary”isto“permanent”B.“radical”isto“conservative”C.“functional”isto“artistic”D.“humble”isto“noble”3.单选题ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but（）it’sveryenjoyable.问题1选项A.allatonceB.onceandforallC.somuchasD.byandlarge4.单选题（）I’llmarryhimallthesame.问题1选项A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor5.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4percent;energyconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissionsperuntilofGDPshouldbereducedby16percentand17percentrespectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantshouldbereducedby8percentto10percent;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millioncubicmeters;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66percent.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,theefficiencyofwaterresourcesuseandresistancetoflooding.

6.单选题BadluckhasplaguedMr.Averythroughouthisentirelife.问题1选项A.huntedB.followedC.hauntedD.clungto7.不定项选择题Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“largeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefensearetiedtoknowledgeandcapabilityforretaliation.The“nofirstuse”policyoftheUnitedStatesandothermajornationsimpliesthatthisretaliationbeinkind,andthisrequiresthatweaponsoftheCBclassbeavailable.Aphilosophyofmutualdeterrence(制约)isdevelopinginCBwarfarecomparabletothatinnuclearwarfare.Infact,muchoftheliteratureonthesubjectrepeatsthatthestalemateinthelatteropensuptheneedforcapabilityintheformer.Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems,henceamovementtoCBweapons(especiallychemical)amongsomesmallernations.Sofarasthemajorpowersareconcerned,theelementsinCBWwhichareincommonwiththenucleararmsraceincludethenow-acceptedapproachtothatrace.ThusindiscussingcontrolofCBwarfare,aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:“Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocsmaynotbetoeverybody’staste,butitisprobablystillthebestwayofavoidingWar.”1.Itcanbeinferredthatthecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasacauseforthecontinueddevelopmentofCBweapons?3.ThewriterintheBritishjournalmightfeelthattheresearchanddevelopmentofCBsystemsshouldbe（）.4.ThejustificationfortheUnitedStates’participationinCBwarfareprogramsismainlyduetothe（）.5.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto（）.问题1选项A.islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfareB.maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirableC.isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussiaD.shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance问题2选项A.Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved.B.TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack.C.OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem.D.Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing.问题3选项A.encouragedandexpandedB.conductedonlybythemajorpowersC.immediatelyhaltedD.maintainedasitisnow问题4选项A.needforundetectableweaponryB.costlinessofthenuclearprogramsC.Russia’shavingsuchaprogramD.abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem问题5选项A.showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprogramsB.explainthecostofCBwarfareC.discussalternativestoCBwarfareD.makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare8.单选题Scientistsare（）certainthatthereisacancer-inhibitingagentinthebloodoftheshark.问题1选项A.dubiouslyB.virtuallyC.queerlyD.randomly9.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishontheAnswerSheet.时下，在北京的图书馆、博物馆甚至书店里，经常有一些大大小小不同类型的文化讲座，这些讲座，小而言之，只是一次次知识的宣讲，大而言之，则是先进文化的传播。在这方面，中国现代文学馆组织的周末义务讲座无疑是开风气之先、具有示范作用的。这里一时间竟出现了作家学者主动报名讲演，听者以能占有一席之地为荣的局面，可以相信，越来越多的人自觉进入求学殿堂，将大大促进我国国民素质的提升。

10.单选题Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyfortop-flightstafftravelandtelevisioncommercials.问题1选项A.dubiouslyB.potentlyC.profuselyD.candidly11.单选题Itisanticipatedthatthiscontractwillsubstantiallyincreasesalesoverthenextthreeyears.问题1选项A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily12.单选题Infact,anumberofrecentdevelopmentssuggestthatnewmediamayactuallybethesalvationofoldmedia;thatonlinenewspapers,Webzines,ande-bookscouldpreserveandextendthebestaspectsoftheprintculturewhileaugmentingitwiththeirvarioustechnologicaladvantages.问题1选项A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing13.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.你可能有很高的学术才智，但缺乏社会能力，即虚心听取意见、热忱待人、批评与接受批评的能力。社会能力强的人能够承认自己的错误，勇于承担责任并继续努力。他们知道如何取得集体的支持。而人际关系差的人不太善于接受批评。遇到错误，首先想到的是自己，拒绝承认自己有错，喜怒无常或暴跳如雷。

14.单选题Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou_______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.问题1选项A.keepupwithB.giveawayfromC.gobackonD.losesightof15.单选题Thenastylanguageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.问题1选项A.artificialB.indecentC.humorousD.lively16.单选题Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.问题1选项A.abstainingB.acquiescingC.accommodatingD.articulating17.单选题Whentheyoungmandiedunexpectedly,ittookhealthexpertsseveralweeksofintensivelabworktoidentifytheculprit.问题1选项A.curlB.curveC.causeD.curse18.单选题Silk,althoughitisconsideredadelicatefabric,isinfactverystrong,butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.问题1选项A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined19.单选题Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.问题1选项A.IncidentallyB.AccidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently20.单选题问题1选项A.marineproductsB.dairyproductsC.industrialproductsD.avianproducts第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。penetrating“敏锐的；深刻的；透彻的”；A选项extensive“广泛的；大量的；广阔的”；B选项profound“彻底的；意义深远的；深刻的”；C选项conclusive“决定性的；最后的；确定性的”；D选项valuable“有价值的；贵重的；可估价的”。句意：编辑认为作者在这篇文章中的分析很有穿透力。根据句中“theauthor’sanalysisinthisarticle作者在这篇文章中的分析”可知penetrating在这里的意思应为“深刻的”，因此B选项正确。2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由本文最后一段的最后一句话“Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone”（也许这是一种遗憾，但也许是不可避免的）可知，在语言发展过程中，正式英语的衰落是非常正常的，这段介绍了正式英语的衰落，最后一句话是对这个衰落过程的总结。A选项“在激进的教育改革中是不可避免的”没有原文依据、C选项“引发了反主流文化的争议”、D选项“在20世纪60年代改变了公众的态度”均说法错误，20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利是正式英语衰落的原因。因此B选项正确。第2题:语义推测题。由题干关键词“talking”定位到第一段第四句话“Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,‘doingourownthing’,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic”（但是，“做我们自己的事”这种对真实和个人的狂热已经宣告了正式演讲、写作、诗歌和音乐的死亡）再联系本段最后一句话“InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft”（在英语口语和书面语中，说胜于演讲，自发性胜于技巧）可以推测talking对应的是非正式的意思。A选项“谦逊”、B选项“个性”、C选项“活力”均为干扰项，与语义不符。因此D选项正确。第3题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第二段最后一句话“Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper”（他并不像许多人那样，认为我们不能再正确地思考，因为我们说话不恰当）可知McWhorter认为逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关。B选项“黑人英语可能比标准英语更有表现力”说法错误，文中提到黑人这样的非官方语言具有强大的表现力，但没有与标准英语作比较；C选项“各种非标准的人类语言也同样有趣”；D选项“在所有的变体中，标准英语最能传达复杂的思想”均为干扰项，没有原文依据。因此A选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。由题干关键词“loveofmemorizingpoetry”定位到最后一段第二句话“Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful”（麦克沃特先生承认正式语言并不是绝对必要的，也没有提出激进的教育改革——他实际上是在为那些美好而不是有用的东西的丧失而悲伤）可知是表示了对他们努力的欣赏，所以才会对这些事物的丧失感到悲伤。A选项“对他们语言的兴趣”说法过于表面，且文中没有详细描述；C选项“对他们记忆的钦佩”没有原文依据；D选项“蔑视他们的守旧”说法错误，没有体现出蔑视的感情。因此B选项正确。第5题:判断推理题。由题干关键词“paperplates”和“china”定位到最后一段第二、三句话“Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish‘onepaperplatesinsteadofchina’.”（麦克沃特先生承认正式语言并不是绝对必要的，也没有提出激进的教育改革——他实际上是在为那些美好而不是有用的东西的丧失而悲伤。我们现在用我们的英语是“一个纸盘子，而不是瓷器”）可知纸盘子是功能型的，而瓷器是艺术型的，所以是功能与艺术之间的比较。A选项“暂时的和永久的”；B选项“激进的和保守的”；D选项“谦虚的与高尚的”为干扰项，不符合语义。因此C选项正确。

3.【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项allatonce“突然”；B选项onceandforall“一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次”；C选项somuchas“甚至于；连……都不”；D选项byandlarge“大体上，总的来说”。句意：虽然工作上的一些小事情让我讨厌，但是总的来说它是非常令人愉快的。由题干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示转折的“but”可知“byandlarge总的来说”符合语境，因此D选项正确。4.【答案】D【解析】语法题——考查虚拟语气。D选项这是省略whether后的让步状语从句，从句用了省略should虚拟语气，省略whether后，句子要倒装，原句等于whetherhe(should）berichorpoor...，谓语动词提前时要用从句谓语原形动词即be，排除A、C项；而B选项省略错误，逻辑主语发生了变化。句意：不管他是穷是富，我都要嫁给他。因此D选项正确。5.【答案】我们将抓好节约资源和保护环境。我们将积极应对气候变化。我们将加强资源节约和管理，提高资源保障能力，加强对耕地和环境的保护力度，加强生态建设以及防灾减灾体系建设，全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石燃料在一次能源消费中的比例应达到11.4%；单位GDP的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量应分别减少16%和17%，主要污染物排放量应减少8%至10%，森林蓄积量应增加6亿立方米，森林覆盖率应增加到21.66%。我们将大幅改善水利设施；更好地推进大江大河重要支流以及中小型河流的治理，并显著提高农业灌溉、水资源利用效率和抵抗洪水能力。6.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。plague“困扰；使苦恼；使得灾祸”；A选项hunt“打猎；搜索”；B选项follow“跟随；遵循；追求”；C选项haunt“困扰，使苦恼”；D选项clingto“坚持；依靠；依附”。句意：艾弗里先生一生都为坏运气所困扰。题干说到“throughouthisentirelife他的整个一生”，可推测出plague在这里有“困扰”的意思，因此C选项正确。7.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由thecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare定位到文章第一段“Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches…”，即人们对控制化学和生物武器的可行办法问题的第一反应是觉得根本没有这种办法，并且研究生化武器的能力正扩散到一些较小和发展中的国家。这说明控制生化武器也许是不可能的，或者说不能令人满意。A选项“islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare”意为“比控制其他战争系统成本更低”，原文虽将生化武器和洲际导弹的成本进行对比，但这不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小国开始使用生化武器的原因；B选项“maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable”意为“也许不可能或不一定是令人满意的”，与原文相符；C选项“isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia”意为“都掌握在美国和俄罗斯手中”，与原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐渐被一些小国掌握；D选项“shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance”意为“应该成为头等大事”原文没有相关表达。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析四个选项。A选项“Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved”，意为“国家之间的敌对状态”，原文“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美俄两国将开发生化武器归结于对方也有这些生化武器，即出于敌对目的；B选项“TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack”意为“探测到生化武器攻击的需要”，原文并未提及；C选项“OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem”意为“其他武器项目比生化武器系统的开发成本更高”，原文“Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems”生化武器的成本不如洲际导弹的成本高，所以国家会选择研究生化武器；D选项“Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing”意为“所涉及的国家不知道其他国家在做什么”，原文“Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation”没有人真正知道别人在军事形势下准备好了什么，所以自己也要研究生化武器来确保安全。由此可推测出，正是由于各国秘密研究生化武器，为别国研究生化武器提供了动力。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。由theBritishjournal定位到文章第二段最后一句“aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:‘Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocs…’”，社论总结到“大国集团之间的恐怖平衡可能不符合每个人的口味，但它可能仍然是避免战争的最佳方式”。由此可知，生化武器系统基本被主要的大国势力控制了。A选项“encouragedandexpanded”意为“鼓励和扩大”，社论并没有鼓舞生化武器的扩大；B选项“conductedonlybythemajorpowers”意为“仅由主要大国控制”，符合原文；C选项“immediatelyhalted”意为“立即停止”，原文没有提及；D选项“maintainedasitisnow”意为“维持现状”，原文“maynotbetoeverybody’staste”可能不符合每个人的口味，说明现状不能令每个人满意，所以不应维持现状。因此B选项符合题意。第4题:判断推理题。由theUnitedStates定位到文章第一段倒数第三句“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美国和俄罗斯的大型和昂贵的项目被归因于彼此的大型和昂贵的项目。由此可推测，美国研究生化武器是因为俄罗斯也有研究。A选项“needforundetectableweaponry”意为“需要不可探测的武器”，原文未提及不可探测的武器；B选项“costlinessofthenuclearprograms”意为“核项目的昂贵”，原文未提及核武器的成本；C选项“Russia’shavingsuchaprogram”意为“俄罗斯有这样一个计划”，与原文相符；D选项“abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem”意为“现代研究发展它们的能力”，原文并未提及现代研究能力。因此C选项符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms”意为“对停止生化武器战争方面表现出漠不关心”，与原文不符，全文第一段就已提出控制生化武器的话题；B选项“explainthecostofCBwarfare”意为“解释生化武器战争的成本”，这只是原文第二段的一部分内容，并不是原文的主旨大意；C选项“discussalternativestoCBwarfare”意为“讨论生化武器战争的替代方案”，原文第一段提出控制生化武器的话题，然后最后一句话总结到避免生化武器战争的方法就是大国保持相对平衡，所以本文就是在讨论生化武器战争的替代方案；D选项“makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare”意为“使读者意识到生化武器战争的危险”，原文并未举例说明或是提及生化武器战争的危险。因此C选项符合题意。

8.【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项dubiously“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项virtually“事实上，几乎”；C选项queerly“奇怪地；奇妙地”；D选项randomly“随便地，任意地；无目的地”。句意：科学家们几乎确信鲨鱼的血中有一种抗癌物质。“virtuallycertain几乎确信”符合语境，因此B选项正确。9.【答案】Nowadays,fromlibrariesandmuseumsinBeijingtobookstores,thereareoftenculturallecturesondifferentscalesandvariedsizes.Theselectures,inpracticalterms,arerepeatedknowledgeimpartations.Intheoreticalterms,they’rethedisseminationofadvancedculture.Inthisregard,theweekendlecturesorganizedbytheMuseumofModernChineseLiteratureareundoubtedlypioneeringandexemplary.Here,manywritersandscholarsvolunteertobeenteredforopportunitiestogivelectureswhiletheaudienceishonoredwhengivenaseat.Itcanbebelievedthatmoreandmorepeopleconsciouslyintotheeducationalprograms,whichwillgreatlypromotethenationalqualityofourcitizens.10.【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词lavishly意为“丰富地；浪费地；大方地”；A选项“dubiously”意为“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项“potently”意为“有说服力地；强有力地；有效力地”；C选项“profusely”意为“丰富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D选项“candidly”意为“坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地”。句意：此外，竞选活动本身得到了慷慨的资助，有足够的钱用于一流的工作人员旅行和电视广告。由题干可知，withplentyofmoney（有足够的钱）说明financed（资助）肯定是充足的，或者数量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此处最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。11.【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。substantially“实质上；充分地；大幅地”；A选项apparently“显然地；似乎，表面上”；B选项slightly“些微地，轻微地”；C选项considerably“相当多地；非常地”；D选项steadily“稳定地；稳固地”。句意：预计该合同将在未来三年内大幅增加销售额。根据句中“increasesales增加销售额”可知substantially在这里的意思为“大幅地”，因此C选项相当多地正确。12.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词augmenting意为“增加；增大”；A选项“limiting”意为“限制；限定”；B选项“maintaining”意为“维持；继续；维修；主张”；C选项“distinguishing”意为“区分；辨别”；D选项“increasing”意为“增加；增大；提高；增强”。句意：事实上，最近的一些发展表明，新媒体实际上可能是传统媒体的救赎；在线报纸、网络杂志和电子书可以保留和扩展印刷文化的最好方面，同时用它们的各种技术优势扩大它。由题干可知，while是连词，意为“与此同时”，说明while前后意思相近而不是转折。preserveandextend（保留和扩展）表示传统印刷业将继续扩张。由此可知，augmenting在此处最可能是“增大”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。13.【答案】Youmayhavegreatacademictalent,butyoulacksocialskills,whichreferstotheabilitytolistentoideaswithanopenmind,cordiallytreatpeopleandacceptcriticism.Peoplewithstrongsocialskillsareabletoadmittheirmistakes,acceptresponsibilitybravely,andcontinuetoworkhard.Theyknowhowtogetcollectivesupport.Andpeoplewithpoorrelationshipsarelessreceptivetocriticism.Whentheymakemistakes,theyalwaysthinkofthemselvesfirstandrefusetoadmitthattheyarewrong,beingmoodyorfurious.14.【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“keepupwith”意为“赶得上；和……保持联系”；B选项“giveawayfrom”没有这个词组；C选项“gobackon”意为“违背；背弃”；D选项“losesightof”意为“忽略；不再看见”。句意：现在，我们的政府提倡无论我们做什么或与任何人交往都要讲信用。一旦你食言，你就会失去你的社会地位和个人声誉。由题干可知，loseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation（失去你的社会地位和个人声誉），说明我们没有做到言而有信，违背了自己说的话，别人就不再信任我们。因此C选项符合题意。15.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。nasty“下流的；脾气不好的；险恶的”；A选项artificial“人造的；虚伪的；非原产地的”；B选项indecent“下流的；不礼貌的；不得体的”；C选项humorous“诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的”；D选项lively“活泼的；生动的；真实的”。句意：地方官员的脏话使他们显得非常无知和粗鲁。根据句中“makesthemseemveryignorantandrude让他们显得非常无知且无礼”可知nasty在这里的意思为“下流的”，因此B选项正确。16.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“abstaining”意为“（投票时）弃权；回避；自制”；B选项“acquiescing”意为“默许；勉强同意”；C选项“accommodating”意为“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；D选项“articulating”意为“清晰地发（音）；明确有力地表达；用关节连接；使相互连贯”。句意：如果你不断地发现自己默许或同意那些你不愿去满足或感到不开心的要求，你可能想看看为什么你在更想说不的时候却说“是”的原因。由题干可知，or是并列连词表选择，说明横线处与agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默许，勉强同意的意思。因此B选项符合题意。17.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词culprit意为“犯人，罪犯；元凶”；A选项“curl”意为“卷曲；卷发；螺旋状物”；B选项“curve”意为“曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表”；C选项“cause”意为“原因；事业；目标”；D选项“curse”意为“诅咒；咒骂；祸根”。句意：当这个年轻人意外死亡时，健康专家花了几个星期进行深入细致的实验室工作来确定罪魁祸首。由题干可知，theyoungmandiedunexpectedly（这个年轻人意外死亡了）所以健康专家肯定是要确定导致他死亡的原因，或者说元凶。由此可知，culprit在此处最可能是“元凶”的意思，四个选项中curse具有“祸根”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。18.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项refined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“isinfactverystrong实际上是非常结实的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。19.【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便说一句；偶然地；附带地”；B选项accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C选项occasionally“偶尔；间或”；D选项subsequently“随后，其后；后来”。句意：我现在必须离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，那么我下次将把它带来。根据句中“Imustgonow我现在必须离开了”可知“顺便说一句”符合语境，因此A选项正确。20.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词poultry意为“家禽；家禽肉”；A选项“marineproducts”意为“海产品；水产及制品”；B选项“dairyproducts”意为“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪产品”；C选项“industrialproducts”意为“工业产品”；D选项“avianproducts”意为“禽类产品”。句意：据报道，美国宾夕法尼亚州最近爆发的禽流感促使中国禁止从该州进口家禽。由题干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆发的禽流感）肯定和家禽相关。所以中国禁止进口的应该是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此处最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofourgovernment.问题1选项A.integrationB.discriminationC.separationD.exposition2.单选题Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.complimentC.negligenceD.reproach3.单选题Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.问题1选项A.drawupB.bringaboutC.putforwardD.figureout4.单选题Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.问题1选项A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchasto5.不定项选择题Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandliveitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,blitzeverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.问题1选项A.ratherbleakB.veryimpressiveC.fairlybrightD.quiteencouraging问题2选项A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassicsB.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.SC.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreadingD.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass问题3选项A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprogramsB.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliteratureC.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstandingD.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput问题4选项A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeitB.toanalyzeitsessentialfeaturesC.tothinkitoverconscientiouslyD.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue问题5选项A.upsetB.alarmedC.uncertainD.pessimistic6.单选题WemetMaryandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago.（）we’vehadnofurthercommunication.问题1选项A.ThereofB.TherebyC.ThereafterD.Thereabouts7.单选题Thesecontinual（）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.问题1选项A.alterationsB.vibrationsC.wavesD.fluctuations8.单选题Heavyrainswerecausinginundationandmuchdamagethroughoutthecountry.问题1选项A.muchinconvenienceB.seriousconcernC.overflowofwaterD.humanmisery9.单选题Youareexposedtoobtrusiveadsthat_______seeminglyfromnowhereevenwhenyouaredisconnectedfromtheNet,andyourpersonalinformationgatheredandsentoffwithoutyoubeingawareofit.问题1选项A.sizeupB.dwindleawayC.conjureupD.popup10.单选题Therewerenotickets（）forFriday’sperformance.问题1选项A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available11.单选题Tomanypeople,ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,to_______familycharacterandtogathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.问题1选项A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.confine12.单选题Chinesefarmersaremostlylivingasimpleandthriftylifeasitistoday.问题1选项A.miserableB.economicalC.luxuriousD.sensible13.单选题Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.问题1选项A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorable14.不定项选择题Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（疟疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（杀虫剂）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthan