2023年高等教育公共课自考-00015英语(二)考试历年高频考点试题含答案

2023年高等教育公共课自考-00015英语(二)考试历年高频考点试题含答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.参考题库(共100题)1.MarriageAdvertisementsinIndia EverySundaymorningmillionsofIndianssettledownwithacupofteaandspecialweekendissuesoftheirnewspapers,justasAmericansdo.Buthere,withthemarriageseasonapproaching,manyofthemquicklytoaSundayfeaturethatisparticularlyIndian-the-columnsofmarriageadvertisementsinwhichyoungpeoplelookforhusbandsandwives.Thisisrelativelymodernchangeintheage-oldcustomofthearrangedmarriage.Thethousandsofadvertisementspublishedeachweekincreasinglyreflectsocialchangesthatcomingtothistraditionalsociety.Forexample,althoughwomenarestilldescribedintermsofappearance,orskillin"thewifelyarts",informationaboutherearningpowerisenteringmoreandmoreoftheadvertisements.ThisreflectsthearrivalinIndiaoftheworkingwife. Divorce,whichusedtobealmostunheardofinIndia,issometimesnowmentionedintheadvertisementsasinthecaseofawomanwhoseadvertisementinNewDelhinewspaperexplainedthathadbeen"theinnocentparty"whenhermarriagebrokeup. Becausethecustomofthedowry(marriagepayment)isnowillegal,someadvertisementssay"nodowry"or"simplemarriage",whichmeansthesamething.However,thefathersofmanybridegroomsstillrequireit.Inalandwherelightskinisoftenregardedassociallypreferable,manyalsorequirethatawomanhavea"wheat-color"complexionorthatamanbe"tall,fairandhandsome".Advertisementsareplacedandeagerlyreadbyawiderangeofpeopleintheupperclasses,mostlyincities.Manyofthemreceivedozensofanswers."There'snothingembarrassingaboutit,"explainedaCalcuttabusinessmanadvertisingason-in-law."It'sjustanotherwayofbroadeningthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilityofdoingthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilitiesofdoingthebestoneforone'sdaughter." Becauseofhighunemploymentandagenerallypoorstandardoflivinghere,oneofthebestattractionsamarriageadvertisementcanofferisapermittoliveabroad,especiallyinCanadaortheUnitedStates.Apersonwhohasonecangetwhathewants.OnerecentSundayinMadras,forexample,aPunjabiengineerlivinginSanFranciscoadvertisedfora"beautifulslimbridewithlovelyfeaturesknowingmusicanddance".AndamanwhoseadvertisementsaidthatheheldanAmericanimmigrationpermitwasabletosay,onlygirlsfromrich,well-connectedfamiliesneedapply.Theword"dowry"inthethirdparagraphmeansmarriagepayment.（）A、RightB、WrongC、Notmentioned2.PersonalFinance Whenitcomestoourfinances,eachofushasourownindividualapproach.Someofusaresavers,somearespenders,andothersaresome-whereinbetween.Thiscontinuumisaparadigmthatourpopularcultureusestoframedifferencesinthewaypeopleapproachmoney. Ibelievethatthewayweapproachourfinancesgoesbeyondthatparticularbehavioralcharacteristic.Inreality,Ithinkourapproachtofinancescanbeviewedinmoreofamulti-dimensionalsetting,wheremoneyhasadifferentroleinourlives.Forsome,moneymeanssurvival,plainandsimple.Forothers,moneyissomethingthatisapartoftheirlivesbutrarelyontheirmind,regardlessoftheroleitactuallyplays.Foryetothers,moneyisanobsession,asaccumulationindicatesachievement.Somepeopleviewmoneyasadefensiveresourcetoprotectagainstfuturesetbacks.Somepeoplewantmoneytoprovideagoodhome,tocontributetotheabilitytohavecertainhobbies,ortoprovidesomethingtofuturegenerationsandsoon.Sometimesthesamepersonmayviewmoneydifferentlyindifferentsituations.Thebottomlineisthatweeachhaveourownrelationshipwithmoney,andourownconsciousandsubconsciousneedsformoney,rootedinourvaluesystems. Thisisanareaofpersonalfinancethathasinterestedmeforawhile.Whydopeoplebehavethewaytheydowithrespecttotheirmoney?What'sdrivingthisbehavior?Ofcourse,astartingpointforanybodyistoconsiderhowyoupersonallyviewthings.Takinganintrospectiveapproach，Ihavespenttimefiguringoutmyowntakeonmoney，andtheroleitplaysinmylife.WhatIhavedeterminedisthatforme，itfitsintoaframeworkthatincludesthefollowingelements：health,wealth,andrelationships.Thesearelinkedtogetherasapartofasystem.They'reallconnected,andtotheextentoneisstrengthened,theotherswillbestrengthenedaswell.Ifoneisweakened,theotherswillbeweakenedaswell.Sotome,moneyisapartofthewealthaspectofHWR.Beyondbasicsurvival,moneygivesyoutheopportunitytoliveahealthierlife,withthetimeandmeanstohavemorepositiverelationships.OnethingIwanttomakeclearisthatIamnotsayingthatmoneybuysfriends.Well,itcould,butthosearen'ttruefriends.WhatIamsayingisthatthemoremoneyyouhave,onbalance,thelessstressedyouareaboutit,andthemoretimeyouhavetodootherthings,suchascultivatetrue,genuinerelationshipsthataren’tbasedonmoney.Moneyisbutacomponentinthesystem.Somepeoplethinkofmoneyasameansofdonation.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven3.MarriageAdvertisementsinIndia EverySundaymorningmillionsofIndianssettledownwithacupofteaandspecialweekendissuesoftheirnewspapers,justasAmericansdo.Buthere,withthemarriageseasonapproaching,manyofthemquicklytoaSundayfeaturethatisparticularlyIndian-the-columnsofmarriageadvertisementsinwhichyoungpeoplelookforhusbandsandwives.Thisisrelativelymodernchangeintheage-oldcustomofthearrangedmarriage.Thethousandsofadvertisementspublishedeachweekincreasinglyreflectsocialchangesthatcomingtothistraditionalsociety.Forexample,althoughwomenarestilldescribedintermsofappearance,orskillin"thewifelyarts",informationaboutherearningpowerisenteringmoreandmoreoftheadvertisements.ThisreflectsthearrivalinIndiaoftheworkingwife. Divorce,whichusedtobealmostunheardofinIndia,issometimesnowmentionedintheadvertisementsasinthecaseofawomanwhoseadvertisementinNewDelhinewspaperexplainedthathadbeen"theinnocentparty"whenhermarriagebrokeup. Becausethecustomofthedowry(marriagepayment)isnowillegal,someadvertisementssay"nodowry"or"simplemarriage",whichmeansthesamething.However,thefathersofmanybridegroomsstillrequireit.Inalandwherelightskinisoftenregardedassociallypreferable,manyalsorequirethatawomanhavea"wheat-color"complexionorthatamanbe"tall,fairandhandsome".Advertisementsareplacedandeagerlyreadbyawiderangeofpeopleintheupperclasses,mostlyincities.Manyofthemreceivedozensofanswers."There'snothingembarrassingaboutit,"explainedaCalcuttabusinessmanadvertisingason-in-law."It'sjustanotherwayofbroadeningthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilityofdoingthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilitiesofdoingthebestoneforone'sdaughter." Becauseofhighunemploymentandagenerallypoorstandardoflivinghere,oneofthebestattractionsamarriageadvertisementcanofferisapermittoliveabroad,especiallyinCanadaortheUnitedStates.Apersonwhohasonecangetwhathewants.OnerecentSundayinMadras,forexample,aPunjabiengineerlivinginSanFranciscoadvertisedfora"beautifulslimbridewithlovelyfeaturesknowingmusicanddance".AndamanwhoseadvertisementsaidthatheheldanAmericanimmigrationpermitwasabletosay,onlygirlsfromrich,well-connectedfamiliesneedapply.InMarriageadvertisementsinIndiawomenareonlyintroducedintermsofappearanceortheirskillinbeingagoodwife.（）A、RightB、WrongC、Notmentioned4.Dreams Dreamsdonothappenwhenyou'reasleep.Theyhappenwhenyou'reawake. Whateveryourgoalsare,alwaysrememberyoucanmakeittrue.Whetheritbelove,money,achildhooddream,andultimatelyhappiness,themostimportantideaisthatyoumustneverlosesightofyourdream. Createreminders.Thinkaboutyouroriginalmotivationoften.Besidesobviousfactorsthatwillcomealongwhenyourdreamisrealized,thinkaboutotherreasons.Whoareyoudoingthisdreamfor?Remindyourselfoftenofyourplan.Physicalsymbolsalwayshelp—postinguppicturesoftheendresult,buyingitemsthatsymbolizeyourgoals. Expressyourdreamfrequently.Whisperyourdreamthroughmoonlight.Shoutitonabusyhighway.Writeitonaballoonandsetitfree.Writeitonpaperboatsandfloatthemintheocean.Writeitasamessageonabottleandfloatthatintotheocean.Exploreandtrydifferentwaysofdifferentculturesofmakingishescometrue,smallorbig:papercranes,andshootingstars.Tellyourpetifyouhaveone.Tellittoallthepeopleyoucareaboutinyourlife. Createdeadlinesandpunishments.Foreverystepalongtheway,thinkofarealisticdeadline.Iftoosmall,eventuallyyouwillbecrashedwithalltheworkyouneedandpossiblyneverdoit.Iftoolarge,youwillprobablyforgetaboutit.Punishmentsarenecessary.Theycanbekeepingyourselfawayfromyourfavoriteactivities.Getafriendorfamilymembertoenforcethispunishment. Keepyourlife.Donotforgetaboutfriends,family,work,andespeciallyyourself!Keepcontactwithfriendsandfamily:overtheinternet,visitthem,writetothem.Trynotstartskippingworktoworkonyourdream.Keepyourbrain,body,andsoulingoodshapeatalltimes.Sleepoften,readoften,andenjoylife. Brainstormideasforyourdream.Mindmapping(essentiallycreativeconceptmapping)istheidealwaytobrainstorm.Anycreativeoutletwilldojustfinetofindsomecreativeideasforyourdream,especiallywritingordrawing.Anysortofart,evensinging,playingmusic,photography,wood-carvingcanwork.Buyajournalortwo.Findinspiration.Aslongasyoucanseeyourdrearn,youcanmakeitcometrue.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven5.OvercomingDifficulties ①Lifeisfullofdifficultiesandobstacles,frombirthtodeath.Attimes,Lifeseemslikeahurdlerace.Wearesureofencounteringhurdles,butalmostalwayswearetakenbysurprise.Itisnecessarytoacceptthatlifeingeneralisfullofdifficultiesandadversities.Thisrecognitionisthefirststep.Whenfacedwithproblems,weoftenfeel,"Iamtheonlyonehavingsuchproblems"Or,wetendtoexaggerateourproblemsandregardthemasmostcomplex,mostpainful，andasanextremecase.Butifwelookaroundus,wefindpeopleinmuchworseconditions.AsSt.Augustinesaid,"Icriedforboots,tillIsawamanwhohadnolegs." ②Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weeithercomplainorseektododgethem.Webehavelikeasostrichinthedesert.Itissaidthatwhenthereisastorminthedesert,theostrichburieshisheadinthesand-hopingthatthestormwillgoawayifheignoresit-andfinallygetsburiedunderaheapofsandanddies.Someofuschoosetopretendthattheproblemsdonotexist.Wefailtorealizethatconfrontingandsolvingtheproblem-nopainfultheprocess-makesusgrow. ③Acceptthewoesofbirth.Ithasmanyimpliedmeanings.First,itmeans"accepting,"i.e.,beingabletosaythatitis"my"problemanditisuptometosolveit.Manytimeswefindourselvesputtingtheblameonothers-parents,societyorthecircumstancesoflife.Nothinghappensbychance,butallistheresultofourpastactions.Therearetimeswhenwhatisneededispatience.Weseektocomeoutofanunpleasantsituationquickly.Wemustunderstandthatifthecausehadbeenoperatingforalongtime,theeffectalsowouldlastlong-asevenwhenthegashasbeenturnedoff,theburnerremainshotforalongtime.Similarly,weexpectquickresults;havingputintheeffort,wemustbewillingtowait.Patientacceptanceofwhatisduetousmakesusmakesustakeastepfurtherinourdevelopment. ④Oncewehavelearnttodealwithadifficulty,thenexttimeweencounterit,itceasestobeadifficulty.But,moreoftenthannotthecauseoftheproblemisinternal,i.e.,withinus,andoften,itcallsforachange.Oftenthedifficultyissolvedwhenwearewillingtochange—ourwayofthinking,ourfeelings,ourlikesanddislikes—andreadytoadaptoradjustourselvestoaproblematicsituationorapersoninlife.Wemustrealizethatrealizethatchangeisinevitable,andalwaysbementallypreparedforit. ⑤Notalllife'sproblemsaresuchthattheyneedtobedealtwithallatonce.Sometimesitispossibletotakeastepandwaitforalongtime.Forinstance,ifthetapisleakingthenweneedtocallaplumberassoonaswecan.Buthavingcalledhimandhavingfoundthathecancomeonlythefollowingmorning,weshouldwaitpatientlyforthenext24hours.Inthisperiod,peoplecangetveryanxiousandgoontalkingaboutittoothers.Therearemanysuchproblemsinlife.Sometimesproblemsdoneedtakingastepand（）A、seektododgethemB、immediatereactionC、waitingforalongtimeD、difficultiesandadversitiesE、veryanxiousF、onothers6.GoodCommunicationforMakingFriends Asacommunicationskillstrainer,I'vemetawiderangeofpeople.Somepeoplehavetroubleassociatingwithothersandhavedifficultymakingfriends.SoIwouldliketodiscusstwokeypointstomakinggoodfriends.Thefirstistoshowrespectandloveforyourfriendsthroughyourwords.Trytosaythingstoothersthatwouldfeelgoodtoyouifyouheardthem.Forexample,saythingslike,"Thanksforthegreattime"and"Itwasreallynicetogettoknowyou."Ifyouarenotgoodatspeaking,thensmilingandusingbodylanguagetoexpressyoursincerityisalsoaneffectivewaytocommunicate.Additionally,Irecommendthatwhenyoumeetsomeonenewsendthemane-mailorletterbeforethedayisovertoexpresshowniceitwastomeetthem. Thegoalofgoodcommunicationistoreachanotherperson'sheartandformacomfortablerelationship.Itis,therefore,basedthepremisethatyougetridofyourworriesandbecomeabrightandpositiveperson.Whenthereisstaticnoiseoverthephoneline,youcan'theartheotherpersonclearly,right?Inthesameway,whenyourmindisfullofworriesandyoutrytocommunicatewithanotherperson,youcannotgiveorreceivemessagesaccurately.Forexample,let'ssayyouarestilltiedtoapastwoundofbeingbetrayedbyafriendandfeelinghurts.Evenifyoumeetsomeonenewandheorshetellsyou,"Let'sbegoodfriends,"youmaynotbeabletoacceptitbecauseyouwillhearanegativeinnervoicesayingsomethinglike"I mightbebetrayedagain"or"thepersonmighthaveahiddenagenda."Withthisworryinyourmind,youwillnotbeabletomakefriends. Ifyoucanberefreshedandgetridofyourworries,youshouldbeabletosenseothers'thoughtsandfeelingswithoutprejudiceandbuildarelationshipoftrust.Ifyoureallycan'tletgoofyourpainfulpastexperience,thentrytochangeyourperspectiveontheexperience. Forexample,trytothinkthatitwasanecessarylessonforyoutounderstandothers'pain.Ifyoucanthinkofthepositiveintentionbehindtheevent,thenyouwillbeabletoviewtheexperiencefavourablyandfeelbetter.Themaintopicofthepassageis（）A、howtocommunicatewithothersB、howtorefreshyourselfC、howtoforgetthepastunhappinessD、howtoshowrespectandloveforyourfriends7.MarriageAdvertisementsinIndia EverySundaymorningmillionsofIndianssettledownwithacupofteaandspecialweekendissuesoftheirnewspapers,justasAmericansdo.Buthere,withthemarriageseasonapproaching,manyofthemquicklytoaSundayfeaturethatisparticularlyIndian-the-columnsofmarriageadvertisementsinwhichyoungpeoplelookforhusbandsandwives.Thisisrelativelymodernchangeintheage-oldcustomofthearrangedmarriage.Thethousandsofadvertisementspublishedeachweekincreasinglyreflectsocialchangesthatcomingtothistraditionalsociety.Forexample,althoughwomenarestilldescribedintermsofappearance,orskillin"thewifelyarts",informationaboutherearningpowerisenteringmoreandmoreoftheadvertisements.ThisreflectsthearrivalinIndiaoftheworkingwife. Divorce,whichusedtobealmostunheardofinIndia,issometimesnowmentionedintheadvertisementsasinthecaseofawomanwhoseadvertisementinNewDelhinewspaperexplainedthathadbeen"theinnocentparty"whenhermarriagebrokeup. Becausethecustomofthedowry(marriagepayment)isnowillegal,someadvertisementssay"nodowry"or"simplemarriage",whichmeansthesamething.However,thefathersofmanybridegroomsstillrequireit.Inalandwherelightskinisoftenregardedassociallypreferable,manyalsorequirethatawomanhavea"wheat-color"complexionorthatamanbe"tall,fairandhandsome".Advertisementsareplacedandeagerlyreadbyawiderangeofpeopleintheupperclasses,mostlyincities.Manyofthemreceivedozensofanswers."There'snothingembarrassingaboutit,"explainedaCalcuttabusinessmanadvertisingason-in-law."It'sjustanotherwayofbroadeningthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilityofdoingthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilitiesofdoingthebestoneforone'sdaughter." Becauseofhighunemploymentandagenerallypoorstandardoflivinghere,oneofthebestattractionsamarriageadvertisementcanofferisapermittoliveabroad,especiallyinCanadaortheUnitedStates.Apersonwhohasonecangetwhathewants.OnerecentSundayinMadras,forexample,aPunjabiengineerlivinginSanFranciscoadvertisedfora"beautifulslimbridewithlovelyfeaturesknowingmusicanddance".AndamanwhoseadvertisementsaidthatheheldanAmericanimmigrationpermitwasabletosay,onlygirlsfromrich,well-connectedfamiliesneedapply.Advertisementsareonlyreadbyasmallgroupofpeopleofhighsocialstatus.（）A、RightB、WrongC、Notmentioned8.TalkingtoKidsaboutSARS SchoolagechildrenmaybelearningaboutSARSfromadultsandthemedia,butmaynotknowwhattomakeofthesituation,saysanationalhealthcharity. TheLungAssociationsaysparentsshouldtaketimetotalktotheir____1____andexplainthefactsaboutSARSandhowtoavoidtheillness. Thefollowingisbasedonrecommendations____2____ThursdaybytheLungAssociation: Askyourchildreniftheyhaveheard____3____SARSatschool,fromfriends,fromTV,etc.Findingoutwhattheyalreadyknowcanbeagood____4____tostarttheconversationandtoclearawayanywrongideastheymighthaveabouttheillnessandhowitisspread. Schoolagechildrenareusuallyold____5____tounderstandconceptssuchasgettingsickfromgermsandhowtoavoidillness.Asimplereminder____6____tocoughonpeopleandtowashtheirhandsoftenmaybesufficientforyoungerkids.Allchildrenshouldbeshownhowto____7____theirhandsproperly. Remembertokeepitsimpleso____8____nottooverwhelmchildrenwithinformation,butanswerthemtruthfully.Kidscantellwhenyou'renotbeinghonestorifyour'rehidingsomething,andsometimestheunknowncanbemorefrighteningthanthe____9____.ParentswithanxiouschildrenwillknowhowtheirkidswillhandleinformationonSARSandcantailortheirdiscussionaccordingly. OnewaytoexplaintheillnessistotellchildrenthatSARSislikeabadbreathingproblem.Itis____10____fromacold,butpeoplecancatchitinthesameways—suchascoughingonsomeone,notwashingyourhandsorsharingaglasswithasickperson.___1___内选项为（）A、aboutB、differentC、asD、wayE、notF、truthG、childrenH、enoughI、howJ、washK、passL、released9.HowtoStartYourOwnBusiness IhaverecentlystartedabusinessandhavelearnedsomecruciallessonsintheprocessthatIfeelprivilegedtosharewithyou. 1.Identifyyourmotivation.__1__Tohavemoretime?Tomakemoremoney?Tobeyourownboss?Tohavecreativecontroloverwhatyoulovetodo?Writeoutallofyourmotivatingfactorsandprioritizethem.Whenyouseethemlisted,youmightseeapatterninthatyou'rejustunhappyatyourcurrentjobandstartingyourownbusinessisn'ttheanswer. 2.Identifyyourpassion.Whatdoyoulovetodo?Whatskillsandknowledgedoyouuniquelybringtothetable?Whatgetsyouexcitedaboutyourwork?__2__Ifyoukeepyourpassioninplainsight,youwillstayfocusedonthepurposeofyourbusinessandnotsolelyonthelogistics. 3.Identifyyourmarket.Ifyouarestartingyourbusinesslocally,researchyourcompetitors.Determineifthereisroominthemarketforyourbusiness.Whatwillyoudodifferentlytodrawincustomers?Whatnichemarketaretheotherbusinessesmissing?__3__Yourbusinesscannotsurvivewithoutcustomers,sodoenoughresearchonthefrontendtodetermineifthereareenoughpotentialclientstokeepyourbusinessalive. 4.Identifyyourfinances.__4__Youhavetobuyfurniture,trashcans,agaragedooropener,lightfixturesandlandscapingequipment,andbeforeyouknowit,you'vefarexceededyourfinancialboundaries.Thatcanhappenjustaseasilyinabusiness.Doexhaustivefinancialplanning.Meetwithafinancialadvisororsomeoneatyourbanktoexaminethefinancialviabilityofyourbusinessandtheprocessofgettingitupandrunning.__5__Bepreparedforfinanciallossandgetadviceonhowtoalleviatethatburdeninthefuture.___1___内应为（）A、Planwiselyanddonotassumethebestaboutyourbusiness.B、Whydoyouwanttostartyourownbusiness?C、Thetragicrealityisthatwhenbusinessfail,thepassionoftendieswithit.D、Keepthatpassionattheforefrontofyourbusinessplan,yourmarketingstrategies,andyourdailyroutine.E、Ifyouhaveeverpurchasedanewhome,youknowthatthefinancialobligationsextendbeyondthedownpaymentandthemortage.F、IfyouarestartinganInternetcompany,researchtherequirementsforyourownuniqueWebpresence.10.Income Incomemaybenationalincomeandpersonalincome.Whereasnationalincomeisdefinedasthetotalearnedincomeofallthefactorsofproduction-namely,profits,interest,rent,wages,andothercompensationforlabor,personalincomemaybedefinedastotalmoneyincomereceivedbyindividualsbeforepersonaltaxesarepaid.NationalincomedoesnotequalGNP(GrossNationalProduct)becausethefactorsofproductiondonotreceivepaymentforeithercapitalconsumptionallowancesorindirectbusinesstaxes,bothofwhichareincludedinGNP.Themoneyputasideforcapitalconsumptionisforreplacementandthusisnotcountedasincome.Indirecttaxesincludesalestaxes,propertytaxes,andexcisetaxesthatarepaidbybusinessesdirectlytothegovernmentandsoreducetheincomelefttopayforthefactorsofproduction.Three-fourthsofnationalincomegoesforwages,salaries,andotherformsofcompensationtoemployees. Whereasnationalincomeshowstheincomethatthefactorsofproductionearn,personalincomemeasurestheincomethatindividualsorhouseholdsreceive.Corporationprofitsareincludedinnationalincomebecausetheyareearned.Outoftheseprofits,however,corporationprofittaxesmustbepaidtothegovernment,andsomemoneymustbeputintothebusinessforexpansion.Onlythatpartofprofitsdistributedasdividendsgoestotheindividual;therefore,outofcorporationprofitsonlydividendscountaspersonalincome.Thefactorsofproductionearnmoneyforsocialsecurityandunemploymentinsurancecontributions,butthismoneygoestogovernment(whichisnotafactorofproduction),nottoindividuals.Itisthereforepartofnationalincomebutnotpartofpersonalincome. Ontheotherhand,moneyreceivedbyindividualswhentheycollectsocialsecurityorunemploymentcompensationisnotmoneyearnedbutmoneyreceived.Interestreceivedongovernmentbondsisalsointhiscategory,becausemuchofthemoneyreceivedfromthesaleofbondswenttopayforwarproductionandthatproductionnolongerfurnishesaservicetotheeconomy. Themoneypeoplereceiveaspersonalincomemaybeeitherspentorsaved.However,notallspendingiscompletelyvoluntary.Asignificantportionofourincomegoestopaypersonaltaxes.Mostworkersneverreceivethemoneytheypayinpersonaltaxes,becauseitiswithheldfromtheirpaychecks.Themoneythatindividualsareleftwithaftertheyhavemettheirtaxobligationsisdisposablepersonalincome.Disposableincomecanbedividedbetweenpersonalconsumptionexpendituresandpersonalsavings.Itisimportanttorememberthatpersonalsavingiswhatisleftafterspending.Thepassageimpliesthat（）A、peoplewillinglypaytaxesbecausetheywanttodosomethingusefultothecountryB、peoplewillinglypaytaxesbecausetheydonotwanttobelookeddownuponbyothersC、peoplepaytaxesunwillinglybecausetheyfeeltheywillbearrestediftheydonotD、peoplepaytaxessomewhatunwillingly11.TalkingtoKidsaboutSARS SchoolagechildrenmaybelearningaboutSARSfromadultsandthemedia,butmaynotknowwhattomakeofthesituation,saysanationalhealthcharity. TheLungAssociationsaysparentsshouldtaketimetotalktotheir____1____andexplainthefactsaboutSARSandhowtoavoidtheillness. Thefollowingisbasedonrecommendations____2____ThursdaybytheLungAssociation: Askyourchildreniftheyhaveheard____3____SARSatschool,fromfriends,fromTV,etc.Findingoutwhattheyalreadyknowcanbeagood____4____tostarttheconversationandtoclearawayanywrongideastheymighthaveabouttheillnessandhowitisspread. Schoolagechildrenareusuallyold____5____tounderstandconceptssuchasgettingsickfromgermsandhowtoavoidillness.Asimplereminder____6____tocoughonpeopleandtowashtheirhandsoftenmaybesufficientforyoungerkids.Allchildrenshouldbeshownhowto____7____theirhandsproperly. Remembertokeepitsimpleso____8____nottooverwhelmchildrenwithinformation,butanswerthemtruthfully.Kidscantellwhenyou'renotbeinghonestorifyour'rehidingsomething,andsometimestheunknowncanbemorefrighteningthanthe____9____.ParentswithanxiouschildrenwillknowhowtheirkidswillhandleinformationonSARSandcantailortheirdiscussionaccordingly. OnewaytoexplaintheillnessistotellchildrenthatSARSislikeabadbreathingproblem.Itis____10____fromacold,butpeoplecancatchitinthesameways—suchascoughingonsomeone,notwashingyourhandsorsharingaglasswithasickperson.___9___内选项为（）A、aboutB、differe