语言学专业知识讲座

外国语083班罗希平2080511337InflectionandWordFormation1/21Morphologyisconcernedwith:Thestudyofinflections(alsocalledinflectionalmorphology)

Thestudyofwordformation(oftenreferredtoaslexicalorderivationalmorphology)下一张第四张2/21Inflectionindicatesgrammaticalrelationsbyaddinginflectionalaffixes屈折前缀,suchasnumber数,person人称,finiteness有定性,aspect体andcase格;andwheninflectionalaffixesareadded,thegrammaticalclassofthestems(towhichtheyareattached)willnotchange.3/21*规则复数后-s(-es),fridges,radios,potatoes；*尚有与其构造同样动词第三人称单数-s(-es)，like-likes,work-works,go-goes；以及分词形式-ing和-ed都是屈折词缀。第二张4/21

word-formation,inits

restrictedsense,referstotheprocessofhowwordsareformed.Itcanbefurtherdividedintwosub-types:thecompositionaltype(compound)andthederivationaltype(derivation)

Wordformation词组成5/211.Compound:itreferstothosewordsthatconsistofmorethanonelexicalmorpheme,orthewaytojointwoseparatewordstoproduceasingleform.Wordformation

6/21Nouncompounds:Verbcompounds:Adjectivecompounds:Prepositioncompounds:Incompounds,thetwolexicalmorphemescanbeofdifferentwordclasses.7/21Compoundscanbefurtherdividedintotwokinds:theendocentriccompound(向心复合词)andtheexocentriccompound(离心复合词)

8/21Theendocentriccompound(向心复合词)：Theheadofanominaloradjectivalendocentriccompoundisde-verbal;thatis,itisderivedfromaverb.9/21Consequently,itisalsocalledaverbalcompound（动词性复合词）orasyntheticcompound（合成复合词）.Usually,thefirstmemberisaparticipantoftheprocessverb.10/21一种名词性或者形容词性向心复合词中心成份是从动词派生出来，因此也被称作动词性复合词或者合成复合词。第一种成份一般是过程动词参与者。11/21Theexocentriccompound(离心复合词):TheexocentricnominalcompoundsareformedbyV+N,V+A,andV+P,whereastheexocentricadjectivescomefromV+NandV+A.12/21离心名词性复合词由动词+名词，动词+形容词，和动词+介词组成，而离心形容词性复合词由动词+名词和动词+形容词组成。13/21*Self-control其中心成份是control，而这一中心成份句法功能是名词，因而由此组成这一复合词也是名词，其中心意义也落在了这一中心成份上。*离心复合词不具有中心成份，其中心语义一般无法直接从词内某一组成成份中得出。

scarecrow:aneffigy肖像intheshapeofamantofrightenbirdsawayfromseeds

14/21Compoundsarewrittenindifferentways.asasinglewordJoinedwithabyphen“-”Writtenwithordinaryspacebetweenthetwoparts15/212.Derivation派生:

Incontrastwithinflections,derivationscanmakethewordclassoftheoriginalwordeitherchangedorunchanged.Differentfromcompounds,itshowstherelationbetweenrootsandaffixes.16/21iWordclasschanged(词类变化)N---VN---Adj.N---Adj./Adv.V---NV---Adj.Adj.---NAdj.---VAdj.---Adv.17/21iiWordclassunchanged(词类不变化）N---NV----VAdj.---Adj.18/21Formsderivedfromderivationarerelativelylargeandpotentiallyopen.19/21In