诗歌介绍与赏析公开课一等奖课件省赛课获奖课件

Beautifulpoerty第1页ClassificationofEnglishpoetry第2页1、十四行诗(Sonnet)源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）为代表人物，每行十一种音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba,abba,cdcdcd(cdecde)。前八行提问，后六行回答。

后来，怀亚特（ThomasWyatt,1503-1542）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一种二行,前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞（EdmundSpenser,1552-1599）用韵脚abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee。莎士比亚（WilliamShakespeare,1564-1616）用韵脚abab,cdcd,efef,gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。第3页2、打油诗（Limericks）：一般是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，具有风趣讽刺性，常利用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为aabba，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。1)TherewasayoungladyofNigger

Whosmiledassherodeonatiger;

Theyreturnedfromtheride

Withtheladyinside,

Andthesmileonthefaceofthetiger.

2)Atutorwhotaughtontheflute

Triedtoteachtwotooterstotoot,

“Isithardertotoot,or

Saidthetwotothetutor,

Totutortwotooterstotoot?”

第4页3、素体诗(无韵体诗)（BlankVerse）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。Theunrhymediambicpentameterline

WilliamWordsworth:ThereWasaBoy

TherewasaBoy;yeknewhimwell,yecliffs

AndislandsofWinander!manyatime,

Atevening,whentheearlieststarsbegan

Tomovealongtheedgesofthehills,

Risingorsetting,wouldhestandalone,

Beneaththetrees,orbytheglimmeringlake;

Andthere,withfingersinterwoven,bothhands

Pressedcloselypalmtopalmandtohismouth

Uplifted,he,asthroughaninstrument,

Blewmimichootingstothesilentowls

Thattheymightanswerhim.—Andtheywouldshout

Acrossthewateryvale,andshoutagain,

Responsivetohiscall,—withquiveringpeals,

Andlonghalloos,andscreams,andechoesloud

Redoubledandredoubled;concoursewild

Ofjocunddin!And,whentherecameapause

第5页Ofsilencesuchasbaffledhisbestskill:

Then,sometimes,inthatsilence,whilehehung

Listening,agentleshockofmildsurprise

Hascarriedfarintohisheartthevoice

Ofmountain-torrents;orthevisiblescene

Wouldenterunawaresintohismind

Withallitssolemnimagery,itsrocks,

Itswoods,andthatuncertainheavenreceived

Intothebosomofthesteadylake.

Thisboywastakenfromhismates,anddied

Inchildhood,erehewasfulltwelveyearsold.

Pre-eminentinbeautyisthevale

Wherehewasbornandbred:thechurchyardhangs

Uponaslopeabovethevillage-school;

Andthroughthatchurchyardwhenmywayhasled

Onsummer-evenings,Ibelievethatthere

Alonghalf-hourtogetherIhavestood

Mute—lookingatthegraveinwhichhelies!第6页4、自由诗（Freeverse）自由诗（FreeVerse）:当代诗中常见体式，长短不一样诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只重视诗歌所体现意象和传递情感。美国诗人WaltWhitman<<草叶集>>（LeavesofGrass）中，就采取此格式。第7页

SongofMyself

Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,

AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,

Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.

Iloafeandinvitemysoul,

Ilearnandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.

Mytongue,everyatomofmyblood,form’dfromthissoil,thisair,

Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,

I,nowthirtysevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,

Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.

Creedsandschoolsinabeyance,

Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare,butneverforgotten.

Iharborforgoodorbad,Ipermittospeakateveryhazard.

Naturewithoutcheckwithoriginalenergy.

Notes:aspearof:apieceofschool:学说，流派hazard:chance

abeyance:theconditionofnotbeinginuseforacertaintime

惠特曼（WaltWhitman,1819-1892），美国诗人。此诗选自其巨著<<草叶集>>。本文是SongofMyself一诗第一部分，采取自由诗体，语言接近当初美国口语。

第8页5、Epicpoetryitisalongversenarrativeonaserioussubject,toldinaformalandelevatedstyle,andcenteredonaheroicorquasi-divinefigureonwhoseactionsdependsthefateofatribe,anation,orthehumanrace.史诗是论述英雄传说和重大历史事件叙事长诗。一种庄严文学体裁，内容为民间传说或歌颂英雄功劳长篇叙事诗，它包括主题能够包括历史事件、民族、宗教或传说第9页史诗史诗一般分作两种，一种为“传统史诗”或“原始史诗”，主要是以口头流传形式世代相传，伴随时间而增添情节，最后被整顿、加工，以文字记载成为一部统一作品。此类史诗代表有荷马史诗作品《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》。另一种为文学作家以特定观念目标故意识地编写而成“文学史诗”，此类史诗代表有维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》和约翰·弥尔顿《失乐园》。第10页6、英雄双韵体(HeroicCouplet),

therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter

是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一种是轻音,第二个是重音.句式均衡、整洁、精确、简洁、讲究。举例拿四行诗押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb型，尚有aaab型。第四种（aabb型）事实上是双行押韵，英语称之为couplet,假如每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双押韵”(heroiccouplet)；第11页Thecanterburytales---generalprologueAssoonasAprilpiercestotherootThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshootThrougheveryveinofsapwithgentleshowersFromwhoseengenderingliquorspringtheflowers;WhenzephyrshavebreathedsoftlyallaboutInspiringeverywoodandfieldtosprout,AndinthezodiactheyouthfulsunHisjourneyhalfwaythroughtheRamhasrun;WhenlittlebirdsarebusywiththeirsongWhosleepwithopeneyesthewholenightlongLifestirstheirheartsandtingleinthemso,Thenoffaspilgrimspeoplelongtogo,AndpalmerstosetoutfordistantstrandsAndforeignshrinesrenownedinmanylands.AndspeciallyinEnglandpeoplerideToCanterburyfromeverycountrysideTovisittheretheblessedmartyredsaintWhogavethemstrengthwhentheyweresickandfaint.第12页7、Balladsandpopularballads大众民谣Definitionoftheballad:Aballad,flourishedinthe15thcentury,isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.PopularBalladsBalladsareanonymousnarrativesongsthathavebeenpreservedbyoraltransmission.Literatureofthecommonpeople.flourishedinthe15thcentury,printeduntilthe18thand19th.ThebestknownoftheearliestcollectionswasBishopThomasPercy’s“ReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry”.英国民谣（EnglishBallad），起源于中世纪末期，即12、13世纪，兴盛于14、15世纪，复兴于18、19世纪，是英国最古老诗歌形式之一。它主要包括两大部分，英格兰民谣和苏格兰民谣。

第13页GetUpandBeartheDoorItfellabouttheMartinmastime,Andagaytimeitwasthen,Whenourgoodwifegotpuddingstomake,Andshe’sboiledtheminthepan.Thewindsocoldblewsouthandnorth,Andblewintothefloor;Quothourgoodmantoourgoodwife,“Gooutandbarthedoor.”“Myhandisinmyhussyfscap,Goodman,asyemaysee;Ifitshouldnotbebarr’dthishundredyear,It’snotbebarr’dbyme.”Theymadeapaction’tweenthemtwo,Theymadeitfirmandsure,Thatthefirstwordwhoe’ershouldspeak,Shouldriseandbarthedoor.第14页Thenbytherecametwogentlemen,Attwelveo’clockatnight,Andtheycouldneitherseehousenorhall,Norcoal,norcandlelight,“Nowwhetheristhisarichman’shouse,Orwhetherisitapoor?”Butne’erawordwouldoneofthemspeak,Forbarringofthedoor,Andfirsttheyatewhitepuddings,Andthentheyatetheblack:Tho’muchthoughtthegoodwifetoherself,Yetne’erawordshespake,Thensaidtheoneuntotheother,“Here,man,takeyemaknife;Doyoutakeofftheoldman’sbeard,AndI’llkissthegoodwife,”第15页“Butthere’snowaterinthehouse,Andwhatshallwedothen?”“Whatailsyeatthepudding-broth,Thatboilsintothepan?”O,upthenstartedourgoodman,Anangrymanwashe;“Willyekissmywifebeforemyeye,Andscaldmewithpudding-broth?”O’upthenstartedourgoodwife,Madethreeskipsonthefloor;“Goodman,you’vespokentheforemostword;Getupandbarthedoor.”第16页Triplet/tercet(三韵句，三行押韵诗节):

Triplet:aunitorgroupofthreelines,usu.rhymed.三行诗节(three-linestanza，triplet)押韵形式多样，如：aaa；aab，ccb；aba，bcb⋯⋯

ODETOTHEWESTWIND(V)ShellyMakemethylyre,evenastheforestis:Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown!Thetumultofthymightyharmonies

Willtakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,Spiritfierce,Myspirit!Bethoume,impetuousone!

第17页

DrivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverseLikewitheredleavestoquickenanewbirth!And,bytheqofthisverse,Scatter,asfromanunextinguishedhearthAshesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!BethroughmylipstounawakenedEarthThetrumpetofaprophecy!OWind,IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?第18页四行诗节quatrain:astanzaoffourlines能够押联韵(coupletrhyme)aabb,也能够押套韵(interlacedrhyme)即abab；还能够押间韵(intermittentrhyme)即abcb；又可押抱韵(enclosingrhyme)即abba。Awake，awake，my1ittleboy!Thouwasthymothersonlyjoy；·Whydostthouweepinthygentlesleep?Awake!thyfatherdoestheekeep．WilliamBlake(联韵)第19页Sunsetandeveningstar，Andoneclearcallforme!Andmaytherebenomoaningofthebar，WhenIputouttosea．Tennyson，CrossingtheBar(套韵)Break，break，break，Onthycoldgreystones，OSea!And1wouldthatmytonguecouldutterThethoughtsthatariseinmeTennysonBreak，Break，Break(间韵)第20页Iholdittrue．whateerbefall，IfeelitwhenIsorrowmost；Tisnevertohavelovedatal1．Thennevertohavelovedatal1．TennysonInMemoriam(抱韵)第21页Omyluveislikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune;OmyluveislikethemelodieThat’ssweetlyplay’dintune.Asfairartthou,mybonielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tilla’theseasgangdry.第22页HowToTranslatePoetry1、Loyaltotheoriginal（忠实原文）Isthemeaningoftranslationandtheoriginalmeaningisthesameasthewords,atthetimeoftranslation,cannotbeseparatedfromthemeaningoftheoriginalarticle也就是翻译出来意思和本来文字体现意思差不多，在翻译时候，不能脱离本来文章含义第23页2、creativity（发明性）Whentranslationisnotcompletelyinaccordancewiththeoriginal,needpersonalimaginationandcreativityintofullplay当翻译时候，也不比完全按照原文，需要发挥个人想象力和发明力第24页3、faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance（信、达、雅）Toexpressthesamemeaning,translationofthesentenceissmooth,andpoetrytoartisticallyelegant（体现含义相同，翻译出来句子通顺，并且诗歌要优美高雅）第25页4、三美标准：thebeautyinsense,soundandform（音美、形美，意美）目前诗歌英译主要策略鉴于诗歌特殊性，译学界翻译理论家列夫维尔列举出过七种译诗模式:phonemictranslation(音位翻译),literaltranslation(直译),metricaltranslation(韵律翻译),prosetranslation(散文体翻译),rhymedtranslation(韵体翻译),blankversetranslation(无韵体翻译)andinterpretation(解释性翻译第26页ChinesepoetryTranslationIntoEnglish

Chinesecivilizationhasalonghistory.ancientChinesepoetryisoneoftheimmortal(不朽)chapters.Experiencedthebaptism洗礼andsedimentation沉淀offivethousandyears,Chinesepoetryhasbeenthepeakoftheworld.第27页Withthousandsofyearspast,emperorsburiedinthedustofhistory,onlythepoet'snamealsoshine第28页Chinaisapoetryofthecountryanditiswellknownwithitsgracefulartisticconception(意境)andrichphilosophy(哲理).Becauseofthis,

itmadeyouintoxicated（迷醉）

fortoolong，anditleftdeepfootprintinhistory.第29页Chineseancientpoetryiswonderful,

nowordtoexpress.第30页游子吟

孟郊

慈母手中线

游子身上衣

临行密密缝

意恐迟迟归

谁言寸草心

报得三春辉ATRAVELLER'SSONGThethreadinthehandsofafond-heartedmotherMakesclothesforthebodyofherwaywardboy;CarefullyshesewsandthoroughlyshemendsDreadingthedelaysthatwillkeephimlatefromhome.Buthowmuchlovehasthe

inch-longgrassForthreespringmonthsofthelightofthesun?古诗英译观赏：第31页ATranquilNightAbed,Iseeasilverlight,Iwonderifit'sfrostaground.Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;Bowing,inhomesicknessI'mdrowned.第32页登乐游原

OnthePlainofTombs

李商隐LiShangyin

向晚意不适，Atduskmyheartisfilledwithglooms;驱车登古原。

Idrivemycabtoancienttomb.夕阳无限好，

Thesettingsunseemssosublime.只是近黄昏。

Butitisnearitsdyingtime.

第33页春晓

SpringMorning

孟浩然MengHaoran

春眠不觉晓，

ThisspringmorninginbedI’mlying,

到处闻啼鸟。

Nottoawaketillbirdsarecrying.夜来风雨声，

Afteronenightofwindandshowers,花落知多少。

Howmanyarethefallenflowers?登鹳雀楼

OnTheStockTower

王之涣

WangZhihuan白日依山尽，

Thesunbeyondthemountainglows;黄河入海流。TheYellowRiverseawardsflows.欲穷千里目，

Youcanenjoyagreatsight;更上一层楼。

Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.

第34页ATranquilNightAbed,Iseeasilverlight,Iwonderifit'sfrostaground.Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;Bowing,inhomesicknessI'mdrowned.第35页TranslationofEnglishpoetryintoChinese第36页1、Understandthemeaningofpoetryexpression（理解诗歌体现含义）2、Accuratetranslationofthepoetry（精确译出）3、Learntousebeautifulstatementstogether，Andtheuseofsomeclassicalorpopularorelegantwords，dependingonthespecificsituation（学会用优美语句组合起来，并且使用某些古典或者通俗或者优雅词句，视详细情况而定）第37页4、KnowsomecommonsenseofEnglishnationalcultureandcharacteristicofvocabulary懂得某些英语国家文化常识和特有词汇5、Understandthetimebackgroundandtheauthor'slifeexperience理解时代背景和作者人生经历第38页Chinesewordsoftenhavealotofexpression,goodderogatory,localization,theclassicalwords,idioms,theproverb,alsocantranslateEnglishpoetryintodifferentstylesandrefreshingpoetryinChinese（中国文字经常有很多体现方式，褒义贬义，本土化，古典词语，谚语成语，尚有能够将英文诗歌译成不一样格调并且让人耳目一新汉字诗歌）第39页Concise（简洁明了）LibertyandloveThesetwoImusthaveForlove,Iwillsacrificemylife;Forliberty,Iwillsacrificemylove译生命诚可贵，爱情价更高。若为自由故，二者皆可抛。第40页Makemethylyre,evenastheforestis:Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown!ThetumultofthymightyharmoniesWilltakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,Spiritfierce,Myspirit!Bethoume,impetuousone!DrivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverseLikewither'dleavestoquickenanewbirth!And,bytheincantationofthisverse,Scatter,asfromanunextinguish'dhearthAshesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!Bethroughmylipstounawaken'dearthThetrumpetofaprophecy!OhWind,IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?第五节把我当作你竖琴吧，有如树林：尽管我叶落了，那有什么关系！你巨大合奏所振起音乐将染有树林和我深邃秋意：虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，希望你给予我狂暴精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！请把我枯死思想向世界吹落，让它像枯叶同样促成新生命！哦，请听从这一篇符咒似诗歌，就把我话语，像是灰烬和火星从尚未熄灭炉火向人间播散！让预言喇叭通过我嘴唇把昏睡大地唤醒吧！西风啊，假如冬天来了,春天还会远吗?第41页

Yousaythatyouloverain,

butyouopenyourumbrellawhenitrains...

Yousaythatyoulovethesun,

butyoufindashadowspotwhenthesunshines...

Yousaythatyoulovethewind,

Butyoucloseyourwindowswhenwindblows...

ThisiswhyIamafraid;

Yousaythatyoulovemetoo...

第42页

一般版：

你说你喜欢雨，不过下雨时候你却撑开了伞;

你说你喜欢阳光，但当阳光播撒时候，你却躲在阴凉之地;

你说你喜欢风，但清风扑面时候，你却关上了窗户。

我胆怯你对我也是如此之爱。

第43页文艺版：

你说烟雨微芒，兰亭远望;

后来轻揽婆娑，深遮霓裳。

你说春光烂漫，绿袖红香;

后来内掩西楼，静立卿旁。

你说软风轻拂，醉卧思量;

后来紧掩门窗，漫帐成殇。

你说情丝柔肠，如何相忘;

我却眼波微转，兀自成霜。

第44页诗经版：

子言慕雨，启伞避之。

子言好阳，寻荫拒之。

子言喜风，阖户离之。

子言偕老，吾所畏之。

离骚版：

君乐雨兮启伞枝，

君乐昼兮林蔽日，

君乐风兮栏帐起，

君乐吾兮吾心噬。

第45页五言诗版：

恋雨偏打伞，爱阳却遮凉。

风来掩窗扉，叶公惊龙王。

片言只语短，相思缱倦长。

郎君说爱我，不敢细思量。

第46页七言绝句版：

恋雨却怕绣衣湿，喜日偏向树下倚。

欲风总把绮窗关，叫奴如何心付伊。

七律压轴版：

江南三月雨微茫，罗伞叠烟湿幽香。

夏日微醺正可人，却傍佳木趁荫凉。

霜风清和更初霁，轻蹙蛾眉锁朱窗。

怜卿一片相思意，犹恐流年拆鸳鸯。第47页When

you

are

old

YeatsWhenyouareoldandgreyandfullofsleep，Andnoddingbythefire，takedownthisbook；Andslowlyread，anddreamofthesoftlookYoureyeshadonce，andoftheirshadowdeepHowmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace，Andloveyourbeautywithlovefalseortrue。Butonemanlovethepilgrimsoulinyou，AndlovedthesorrowofyourchangingfaceAndbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars，Murmur，alittlesadly，howlovefledAndpaceduponthemountainsoverhead，Andhidhisfaceamidacrowdofstars第48页译文1当你年老时（傅浩译）当你年老，两鬓斑白，睡意昏沉，在炉旁打盹时，取下这本书，慢慢诵读，梦忆从前你双眸神色柔和，眼波中倒影深深；多少人爱你风韵妩媚时光，爱你美丽出自假意或真情，但唯有一人爱你灵魂至诚，爱你渐衰脸上愁苦风霜；弯下身子，在炽红壁炉边，忧伤地低诉，爱神如何逃走，在头顶上群山巅漫步闲游，把他面孔隐没在繁星中间。第49页译文2：当你老了（袁可嘉译）当你老了，头发白了，睡意昏沉，炉火旁打盹，请取下这部诗歌，慢慢读，回忆你过去眼神柔和，回忆它们昔日浓重阴影；多少人爱你青春欢畅时辰，爱慕你美丽，假意或真心，只有一种人爱你那朝圣者灵魂，爱你衰老了脸上痛苦皱纹；垂下头来，在红光闪耀炉子旁，凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情消逝，在头顶山上它缓缓踱着步子，在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。译文3：当你老了（戴珏译）当你老了，华发郁积，睡意萦萦，在炉火旁打盹时，取下这本书，慢慢地读，梦想你双眸当初那柔和神色，和它们深邃阴影；多少人真情假意，爱慕你美丽，爱你雍容愉悦时刻，有一种人却爱慕你朝圣者心，爱你变化面容所带忧戚；俯身于红光闪闪格栅边，略带伤感，喃喃细语，爱如何逸走，如何去了头顶上高山闲蹓，在一大群星星间藏起了它脸。第50页译文4：当你年老（陈黎译）当你年老，花白，睡意正浓，在火炉边打盹，取下这本书，慢慢阅读，梦见你眼中一度发出之柔光，以及深深暗影；多少人爱你愉悦丰采时光，爱你美，以或真或假之情，祇一种人爱你朝圣者心灵，爱你变化容颜蕴藏忧伤；并且俯身红光闪闪栏栅边，带点哀伤，喃喃低语，爱如何逃逸，逡巡于头顶高山上且将他脸隐匿于群星之间。译文5：当你老了（裘小龙译）当你老了，头发灰白，满是睡意，在炉火旁打盹，取下这一册课本，缓缓地读，梦到你眼睛曾经有那种柔情，和它们深深影子；多少人爱你欢乐美好时光，爱你美貌，用或真或假爱情，但有一种人爱你那朝圣者灵魂，也爱你那衰老了脸上哀伤；在燃烧火炉旁边俯下身，凄然地喃喃说，爱如何拜别了，在头上山峦中间独步踽踽，把他脸埋藏在一群星星中。第51页译文6：当你年老（余光中译）当你年老，头白，睡意正昏昏，在炉火边打盹，请取下此书，慢慢阅读，且梦见你美目往昔温婉，眸影有多深；梦见多少人爱你优雅韶光，爱你美貌，无论假意或真情，可是有一人爱你朝圣心灵，爱你脸上青春难驻哀伤；于是你俯身在熊熊炉边，有点惘然，低诉爱情已飞扬，并且逡巡在群峰之上，把脸庞隐藏在星座之间。译文7：当你老了（飞白译）当你老了，白发苍苍，睡意朦胧，在炉前打盹，请取下这本诗篇，慢慢吟诵，梦见你当年双眼，那柔美光芒与青幽晕影；多少人曾爱过你美丽，爱过你欢乐而迷人青春，假意或者真情，唯独一人爱你朝圣者灵魂，爱你衰老脸上痛苦皱纹；当你佝偻着，在灼热炉栅边，你将轻轻诉说，带着一丝伤感：逝去爱，如今已步上高山，在密密星群里埋藏着它赧