高考定语从句在语法填空中的应用

定语从句的十大考点修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词；定语从句的引导词叫关系词（关系代词&关系副词）；定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句（前有逗号隔开）引导定语从句的关系代词有：thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词有：whenwherewhy定语从句的十大考点1.that

与which

在指代物时的用法区别that和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句，但是用法有区别：(1)只能用that的情况a.先行词为，，，等不定代词时；b.先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时；d.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；e.先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时；f.先行词有人又有物时；g.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。(2)只能用which的两种情况a.非限定性定语从句中b.关系代词前面有介词时Galileobuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.2．which与as的区别as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，三种情况下只能用as，不能用whicha.as置于句首引导定语从句时（Asweknow,…）b.as含有“正如”之意（…asweexpected）c.先行词前有such,thesame修饰时（…suchaneasyquestionasthelittleboycananswer.）Asisoftenthecase等。3.

who、whom、that

的区别

a.先行词为指人的不定代词时，如those或people时，常用关系代词who,不用that

b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句c.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，不用that.如：Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’syoungersister.4.

whose

用法

“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）例：Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（“whoseparents”表示那个孩子的双亲）Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户）whose表所属关系指物时，可与ofwhich转换，词序一般是：名词+ofwhich

Lookatthebuilding,theroofofwhich(=whoseroof)iswhite.5.

介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法

a.介词之后的关系代词只能用which（先行词为物）或者是whom（先行词为人）

b.介词的选择方法有三个原则：一“先”二“动”三“意义”

Ilostmypen,withwhichItooknotes.(先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)

Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)Thegasisoxygenwithoutwhichwecan’tlive.(根据句意决定)6.

先行词为way时

先行词为way，在定语从句中作状语时，用that，inwhich引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.7.

关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法

①先行词表示时间、地点、原因时，在定语从句中作状语，选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则选择关系代词引导定语从句。区别三组例句：

a.Thisistheplacewherehelives.a.Thisistheplacethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.

b.Istillrememberthetimewhenmybrotherwasalittleboy.b.Istillrememberthetimethat/whichwespenttogether.

c.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.

c.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhegaveus.

②某些非地点时间名词用定语从句修饰，关系词在从句中作状语，由where引导定语从句（stage,case,point,situation,position）；同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。

.Icanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsknowalotofwordsbutdon’twriteagoodessay.Therearemanyoccasionswhenpeopledon’tknowwhattheywant.8.

定语从句中的谓语动词关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。.Anyonewhowantstohaveaholidayputsupyourhand.

Thosewhowanttohaveaholidayputupyourhand.

Thisisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.

Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.9.

区分定语从句和其他句型①区别于简单句和并列句

Thereare70studentsinourclass

,

mostof

whom

areboys.

(定语从句)

Thereare70studentsinourclass

,

andmostof

them

areboys.（并列句）

Thereare70studentsinourclass

.

Mostof

them

areboys.

（简单句）②区别于强调句型

Itisinthefactorythatheworks.

(强调句型)Itisthefactorywhereheworks.（定语从句）③区别于同位语从句

Thenews

thatshehadpassedtheexam

excitedus.（同位语从句：对名词解释说明）Thenews

thathetoldus

excitedus.（定语从句：对名词修饰限定）④区别于状语从句Doyouknowthetime

whentheclassisover?(定语从句，有先行词)Let’splaygames

whentheclassisover.（时间状语从句，无先行词）Putthebook

whereitbelongs.(地点状语从句，无先行词)10.

定语从句中关系词的省略定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略，介词之后的关系代词不可省略。Thisisthehousewhichhelivesin.(√)Thisisthehousehelivesin.(√)Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(√)Thisisthehouseinhelives.(×)语法专项：定语从句在语法填空和改错中的应用一、语法填空。Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersawaytherewasagarage.TheScienceMuseum,____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondonChan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostof_______arebeyondourcontrol.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsof_______weremadeofsmalldiamonds.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,__________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof________arehealthy.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithanykids.TheywillflytoWashington,________theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.Canyoulendmethedictionary______youboughttheotherday？Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_________welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer__________shehadtodecidewhattodo.Ayoungmanfromyouruniversity,_______nameIhaveforgotten,calledyouamomentago.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__________sight(看到)mattersmorethanhearing.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherof_________wantedtobuyit.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof__________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.Frompracticewecanlearnmuch_______cannotbelearnedfrombooks.Ialwaysrememberthedays________Iwastakengoodcareofinthehospital.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown________hegrewupasachild.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.WheneverImeetwithdifficultyinmyEnglishstudy,Mr.Leeistheperson________Iturnforhelp.Thisisthefirstcomposition________I'vewritteninEnglish.Inasportsteameachplayerhasaclearrole，andtherearefewoccasions______membersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles．Itisagoodideatoaskforamapattheinformationcenter,_______mayprovetobeveryusefulbeforeyoustartyourtourofthemuseum.TheNiagaraWaterfalls,thelargestof__________isshapedlikeasemicircle,are670meterswide,andfall56metersinanawesomewhitesheetofwater.Isitthreehours________ittakestheboy________familyispoortocometoschoolonfoot?Inthepastfewyears,“MyHeartWillGoOn”wasapopularsongamongyoungpeople,__________wereoftenheardsingingitatparties.Atpresentteenagerswouldrathergotothenetbar,___________,asisknowntosomeofthem,theycanchatwiththeirfriendsorplaygames.Coulditbeintherestaurantin______youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday_____youlostyourhandbag?Heexpressedahope_______hewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhope________hewouldexpressassoonashearrivedinthecountry.Theworldhasbeenchangedinthepastseveraldecadesintoone____knowledgeisnowtheengineforsocio-economicdevelopment.Theview____manyscientistsholdis____toomuchemissionofcarbondioxideisdestructive.It’sgoingtobesometime_____heseeshisfatheragain,_____businesshasjustbeenstartedinSwitzerland.Itisoneofthefewplacesintheworld______thebonesadfootprintsofdinosaurshavebeenfoundtogether.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto_____hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.Hefilledhiscontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder_____hadbeenhisteacher.Janepausedinfrontofacounter_____someattractivetieswereondisplay.Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonourofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.二、强化练习

1.Thereisn’tamoment________I’mnotthinkingofyou.

2.Ihatetheway_______youneverlookatmewhenyouspeaktome.

3.ThousandsofHaitianscheeredastheChinesemedicalteamarrived,manyof_____evencriedwithjoy.

4.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionof______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.

5.Shehasmarriedagain,_______wasunexpected.

6.TheBeatles,_____manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.

7.Itissuchagoodplace______everybodywantstogoandvisit______itiswellknownallovertheworld.

8.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_______(duringwhich/sincewhen)theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchange.

9.Oneoftheboyswho_______(be)myfriends________(be)verygoodatEnglish.

10.Occasionsareveryrare_______Ihavethetimetospendawholedaywithmykids.

11.Iwillputthebook_______youplaceditandmakeamarkattheplace_______canbeeasilyseen.

12.ItisonthemorningofMayfirst_______ImetLiangattheairport.三、语篇练习

Influenza,orflu,is1______commoninfectionofthenoseandthroat,andsometimesthelungs.Thecauseisavirusthatpassesfromonepersontoanother.Thevirusspreadsthroughtheair2_______aninfectedpersonexpelsairsuddenly.

Medicalexpertshaveidentifiedthreemajorkindsofinfluenza.TheycallthemtypeA,BandC.TypeCis3_______(little)serious.Peoplemaynotevenknowtheyhaveit.Butresearchersstudythe4_______twokindsveryclosely.Viruseschangetosurvive.Thiscanmake5______difficultforthebodytorecognizeandfightaninfection.

Aperson6______hassufferedonekindoffludevelopsthesamekindagain.Thebody’sdefensesystemproducesantibodies.Thesesubstancesstayinthebloodanddestroythevirus7_______itappearsagain.8_______thebodymaynotrecognizeafluvirus9________hasevenasmallchange.

Eachyear,researchersdevelopvaccines(疫苗)topreventthespreadofthefluvirus.TheWHOholdsmeetingsin10_______expertsdiscuss11________kindsoffluvirusestoincludeinthenextvaccine.改错isthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.

2.ThisisthewatchwhichTomislookingforit.

3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.

4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.

5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.7.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.

8.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.

9.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.

10.Theboy,hismotherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.

11.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors.

12.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.

13.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.

14.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.15.Anyonelikesitcanborrowitfromme.16.Themanyousawhimjustnowismymath