大学实用英语1（专科）Environment

Unit6EnvironmentGreenecologicalenvironmentalprotectiontemplateLearningObjectives:YouAreAbleto:IdentifysomebasicsoundsoflettersUsetheproperexpressionstocommentenvironmentKnowtheuseofsubject-verbagreementWriteletterswiththecorrectforma

YouAreSuggestedto:BefamiliarwithsomeenvironmentalpollutionandprotectenvironmentTheworldweliveinisbecomingmoreandmoreintolerablebecauseofenvironmentaldestruction.Environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectthequalityofpeople’slives.Environmentaldestructionmaythreatenourlife.It’sourdutytoprotectourenvironment.Protectionoftheenvironmentiseveryone’sresponsibility.Everycitizenshouldmakeconcertedeffortstoprotectourenvironment.(1)cup picture class color(2)nice pencil license twice (3)green game bag fog(4)age language manager garage (5)see speak sky straight(6)hers business because noodles

(7)three through bath

thumb(8)them with

theirs though (9)which what white wink(10)who whose whole whomPartⅠPhoneticsTask1IdentifyingTheirPronunciationsDirections:Listenandrepeatthefollowingwords,payingattentiontothecoloredparts./k//s//g//dʒ//s//z//θ//ð//w//h/bridgehairknifeonionround_____________________PartⅠPhoneticsTask1IdentifyingTheirPronunciationsPractice:Writedownthesoundoftheunderlinedpartofthewords./dʒ//eə//n//j//aʊ/shadow/'ʃædəʊ/n.阴影，影子grace/ɡreɪs/n.优美，风度，魅力beauty/'bju:ti/n.美，美人，美的东西pilgrim/'pɪlɪrɪm/n.香客，朝圣者sorrow/'sɒrəʊ/n.悲痛，悲伤；遗憾，懊悔，不幸的事；忧患bend/bend/v.(使)弯曲；屈身murmur/'mɜ:mə/v.小声说，私下低声抱怨PartⅠPhoneticsTask2AppreciatingaPoemDirections:Listentothepoem“Nevergiveup”.Choosethewordsyouheartofillintheblanks.WhenYouAreOld

WilliamButlerYeatsWhenyouareoldandgrayand_______(full,fall)ofsleep,Andnoddingbythe_______(fair,fire),takedownthisbook,Andslowly_______(read,rid)anddreamofthesoftlook,Youreyeshadonce,andoftheirshadows_______(dip,deep);Howmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace,Andlovedyourbeautywithlove_______(false,force)ortrue,Butonemanlovedthepilgrim________(soul,so)inyou,Andlovedthesorrowsofyourchangingface;Andbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars,Murmur,alittlesadly,howlove____(fled,flex),Andpaceduponthemountainsoverhead,And________(hit,hid)hisfaceamidacrowdofstars.PartⅠPhonetics

fullfirereaddeepfalsesoulfledhidPartⅠPhoneticsTask3TimeforFun:TongueTwisterDirections:Practicethetonguetwistersentencebysentenceafterthespeaker.Payattentiontothesounds.

(1)Givepapaacupofpropercoffeeinacoppercoffeecup.(2)Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasn’tthethoughtIthoughtIthought.(3)WhenthewindisintheEast,it’sgoodneitherformannorbeast;whenthewindisintheNorth,theskillfulfishergoesnotforth;whenthewindisinthesouth,itblowsthebaitinthefish’smouth;whenthewindisinthewest,thenit’sinitsverybest.PartⅡListeningandSpeakingTask1ShortDialoguesDirections:Listentothefollowingshortdialoguesandfillintheblankswiththeinformationyougetfromtherecording.Eachdialoguewillbereadtwice.

(1)W:Ithinkthe________environmentalprobleminourcountryispollution.M:Yes,Iagree.Theairhereismuchmore_______thansomeothercountries.(2)W:Wehavereducedtheemissionfrom_______inrecentyears.Butcarsarestillamajorsourceofthem.M:Yes.Idon’tbelievethatany_______countrycandoanythingaboutit.(3)W:Waterpollutionisnowa_______problem.M:Ithinkyou’reright.Thereneedstobean________responsetothisproblem.(4)W:Earthquakeisoneofthemost_______naturaldisastersintheworld.M:Yeah.That’swhymanypeople_______intheearthquake.(5) W:Plantingtreeshelpsimproveand________theenvironment.M:Yes.It’sourdutyto________ourenvironment.biggestpollutedfactoriessingleglobaldiedbeautifyprotectTask2AnsweringtheQuestionsDirections:Youwillhear5recordedquestions.Listencarefullyandchoosetheproperanswertoeachquestion.Thequestionswillbereadtwice.

(1)A.＄8B.＄11C.＄7D.＄6(2)A.Totheman’shome.B.Tothecinema.C.Tothehospital.D.Totheclassroom.(3)A.Exciting. B.Boring. C.Encouraging. D.Interesting.(4)A.Themanofferedhishelp.B.Themanaskedhertogotothesecondcrossforhelp.C.Themanwasbusywalkingalongthestreet.D.Themandidn’tunderstandherrequest.(5)A.Shereadstoofast. B.Shereadsintoolowavoice.C.Shereadsfasterthanhedoes. D.Shereadsslowly.PartⅡListeningandSpeakingDBBADTask3OralPracticeWarmingUp:Matchtheexpressionsintheleftcolumnwiththeexpressionsintherightcolumnsoastoform5shortdialogues.

(1)—Weshouldnotspitinapublicplace.(2)—Whatdoyouthinkweordinarypeoplecandotoprotecttheenvironment?(3)—Wereallyneedtopromotetheawarenessofenvironmentalissuesamongindividuals.(4)—We’reallfamiliarwithnaturaldisasters,butwestillfeelweakwhenwefaceearthquake.(5)—Istheenvironmentabigissueinyourcountry?Itisinmine.PartⅡListeningandSpeaking—Oh,therearelotsofthingsthatcanbedone.—Certainly.Lifeisthemostimportantcomparedwithanythingelse.—Itisinminetoo.—Yes.Protectionoftheenvironmentiseveryone’sresponsibility.—Definitely,wehaveonlyoneearthandweallhavetoshareit.UsefulExpressions:Pollution

(1)Manyriversandlakesareseriouslypolluted.(2)Greenhousegasesareaffectingourenvironment.(3)Forlongtimewater/airpollutionhasbeenamajorconcernamongtheenvironmentalissues.PartⅡListeningandSpeakingUsefulExpressions:ProtecttheEnvironment

(1)Therubbishwillpollutetheenvironment.Itisbadforourhealth.(2)Itispartofyourresponsibilitytomakesurethattheplaceisneatforotherpeople.(3)Thereisn’tmuchwaterontheearth.Let’ssavewaterfromourselves.(4)Ithinkallcountriesshouldworktogethertocleantheworld.PartⅡListeningandSpeakingUsefulExpressions:Dialogue：GeorgeandHeatherarefriends.Theyaretalkingaboutenvironmentprotection.George:Doyouthinkthere’sanythingwecandotoreversethedamagethat’sbeendonetotheenvironment?Heather:Itmightnotbepossibletofixtheproblems.George:Really?Heather:Yes.Buttherearelotsofthingswecandotopreventmoredamagesfromhappening.George:Likewhat?Heather:Ifyoudohavetodrive,youshouldmakesurethatyourcarrunsonunleadedpetrol.PartⅡListeningandSpeakingGeorge:Howaboutrecycling?Doesthatactuallyhelp?Heather:Yes.Youshouldtakeyourglass,paper,plastic,cardboard,andtincanstoarecyclingcenter.George:Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestworryforourfuture?Heather:Theissueofgreatestconcernishavingenoughsourcesofcleanwaterforeveryone.George:Ihadnoideayouweresuchanenvironmentalistbefore.Heather:Tobehonest,inorderfortheearthtocontinuetobeahabitableplace,we’reallgoingtohavetobecomemoreinterestedintheenvironment.PartⅡListeningandSpeakingNewWordsandExpressionsreverse/rɪˈvɜ:s/vt.&vi.(使)反转；(使)颠倒；掉换，交换unleaded/ˌʌnˈledɪd/adj.(指汽油等)无铅的petrol/ˈpetrəl/n.汽油recycling/ˌri:'saɪklɪŋ/n.再循环v.回收利用(recycle的现在分词)再利用；再次应用environmentalist/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/n.环保人士；环境保护论者habitable/ˈhæbɪtəbl/adj.适于居住的fixtheproblem解决问题havenoidea不知道，不了解PartⅡListeningandSpeakingTask4RolePlay(1)Imagineyouaregoingtohaveaclassmeetingaboutenvironmentalprotection.Canyoutalkabouttheimportanceofprotectingenvironment?Andhow?Thepatternsyoulearnedjustnowandthesentencesgivenbelowmaybeofsomehelptoyou.Everyonecanhelpprotecttheenvironment.人人都可以为环境保护尽自己的一份力。Forestationcontributestocontemporarytimesandbringsbenefitstofuturegenerations.植树造林，功在当代，利在千秋。Trashrecyclinghasbeenstartedinbigcities.大城市已经开始实行垃圾分类回收了。PartⅡListeningandSpeakingNewExpressions

(2)NowyouandyourfriendLilyaretalkingabouthowtosavewater.Makeupadialogueaccordingtotheinformation.Thepatternsyoulearnedjustnowandthesentencesgivenbelowmaybeofsomehelptoyou.Thedemandforwaterkeepsincreasing.YettheamountofwateronEarthstaysthesame.人类对水的需求不断上升，但地球上水的总量还是保持不变。Wemustdrinkwatereveryday.Wecan’tlivewithoutwater.我们必须每天喝水。离开水我们不能存活。Toavoidwatercrisis,wemustprotectwaterresources.为了避免水危机，我们必须保护水资源。PartⅡListeningandSpeakingNewExpressions

Task5LeisureTime:JokesandHumorsAladylostherhandbaginthebustleofChristmasshopping.Itwasfoundbyanhonestlittleboyandreturnedtoher.Lookinginherpurse,shecommented,“Hmm…That’sfunny.WhenIlostmybagtherewasa＄20billinit.Nowtherearetwenty＄1bills.”Theboyquicklyreplied,“That’sright,lady.ThelasttimeIfoundalady’spurse,shedidn’thaveanychangeforareward.”PartⅡListeningandSpeakingTheLostPurse

TextAArainforestisanareacoveredbytalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallspreadingquiteequallythroughtheyearandthetemperaturerarelydippingbelow16℃.Rainforestshaveagreateffectontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimate.Withouttheforestcover,theseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmosphere,warmingtherestoftheworld.Losingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatterns,potentiallycausingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworld.PartⅢReadingRainforestsandtheEnvironment

TextAInthepasthundredyears,humanshavebegundestroyingrainforestsinsearchofthreemajorresources:landforcrops,woodforpaperandotherproductsandlandforraisingfarmanimals.Thisactionaffectstheenvironmentasawhole.Forexample,alotofcarbondioxideintheaircomesfromburningtherainforests.Peopleobviouslyhaveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.Therearetwomainreasonsforthis.Firstly,whenpeoplecutdowntrees,generallytheycanonlyusethelandforayearortwo.Secondly,cuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayprovideagoodsupplyofwoodrightnow,butinthelongrunitactuallyreducestheworld’swoodsupply.PartⅢReadingTextARainforestsareoftencalledtheworld’sdrugstore.Morethan25%ofthemedicinesweusetodaycomefromplantsinrainforests.However,fewerthan1%ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheirmedicalvalue.Itisextremelylikelythatourbestchancetocurediseasesliessomewhereintheworld’sshrinkingrainforests.PartⅢReading★NewWordsPartⅢReadingrainforest/ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/n.(热带)雨林rainfall/ˈreɪnfɔ:l/n.阵雨，降雨；降雨量dip/dɪp/vt.&vi.(使)微降，(使)下沉adjust/əˈdʒʌst/vt.&vi.适应，调整，校正reflect/rɪˈflekt/vt.&vi.反射(光、热、声或影像)；考虑potentially/pə'tenʃəli/adv.潜在地；可能地disaster/dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/n.灾难；彻底的失败；不幸；祸患obviously/ˈɒbviəsli/adv.明显地extremely/ɪkˈstri:mli/adv.极端地；非常shrink/ʃrɪŋk/vt.&vi.收缩，皱缩；(使)缩水★★★NewPhrasesExpressionsPartⅢReadinghaveaneffecton对……有影响，对……起作用takein吸收;领会insearchof寻找asawhole整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说cutdown减少；把……砍倒rightnow立即；此刻inthelongrun从长远来看，终究ExercisesⅠ.TrueorFalseDirections:Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.1.Arainforestisanareacoveredbytalltreesandthetemperaturealwaysdippingbelow16℃.()2.Rainforestshaveagreateffectontheclimate.()3.Losingtherainforestsmayalsopotentiallycausenaturaldisasters.()4.Peoplegaintheresourcesfromcuttingtrees,andwewillbenefitmuchmorethanwewillsuffer.()5.Inthelongrun,cuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayreducetheworld’swoodsupply.()PartⅢReadingFTTFTExercisesⅡ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsbychoosingA,B,C,orDaccordingtothetext.1.Whichofthefollowingisnotthepurposeforwhichpeopledestroyedrainforests?A.Landforcrop.B.Woodforpaper.C.Adjusttheclimate.D.Landforraisingfarmanimals.2.Whyshouldpeopleprotectrainforests?A.Becauserainforestscanadjusttheclimate.B.Becauserainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatterns.C.Becauserainforestspotentiallycausecertainnaturaldisasters.D.Allmentionedabove.PartⅢReadingCD3.Intheauthor’sopinion,rainforestshavegreat___________.A.animalresourcesB.rarementalC.medicalvalueD.rarespecies4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat__________.A.Themedicinesforsomehumandiseasesaremorelikelytobefoundintheplantsoftherainforests.B.Rainforestswillbecomelessandlessaspeoplecutthemdown.C.Therewillbemoreandmorerainforestsaspeople’sawarenessincreases.D.Thevalueoftherainforesthasbeenwidelyusedbypeople.PartⅢReadingCA5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Arainforestisanareawherethetemperaturerarelyfallsbelow16℃.B.Inthepastfewhundredyears,peoplehavebeguntotakemeasurestoprotecttherainforests.C.Rainforestscantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimate.D.Fewerthan1%ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheirmedicalvalue.PartⅢReadingBⅢ.BlankFillingDirections:Usethefollowingwordsorexpressionsintheboxtotranslatepartsofthefollowingsentences.1.Thetreesthemselvesalso__________________________(对气候产生影响).2.Willthissoap__________________________(使毛织品缩水吗)?3.Thankyouverymuchindeed,Doctor,Iam______________obligedtoyou(太感谢您了).4.Wemust__________________________________(从整体上考虑这些事情).5.I’mwarningyou;stopit____________(马上住手)!PartⅢReadingtakeinadjusthaveaneffectonextremelypotentiallyas

awholeshrinkreflectrightnowrainfallhaveaneffectontheclimateshrinkwoolenclothes

extremelyconsiderthesemattersasawholerightnow6.Myhouseisfull;Ican’t_____________anymoreguests(不能再容纳更多的客人了).7.Thesituationisunstableand___________dangerous(可能有危险).8.___________(降雨量)hasbeenbelowaverage.9.Theiractionsclearly_________________________(反映了他们的思想).10.Hehasbeenforcedto______________________(调整了自己的日程安排).PartⅢReadingtakeinpotentiallyRainfallreflecttheirthoughtsadjusthisscheduleⅣ.Vocabulary&StructureDirections:Thereare10incompletestatementshere.Youshouldfilleachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninbrackets.PartⅢReading1.Icouldn’tbeartoseemy__________(reflect)inthemirror.2.Thereare___________(obviously)distinctionsbetweenthetwowine-makingareas.3.Shepurposelymadethedresslargertoallowfor__________(shrink)whenitwaswashed.4.Dr.Williamsdescribesitasa___________(potentially)wonderdrug.5.Thesedifficultiesarecausedbynatural__________(disaster).reflectionobvious

shrinkingpotentialdisastersPartⅢReading6.Theywerereducedto___________(extremely)poverty.7.Wewouldbegladtohavetheopportunityof__________(supply)anyofthesegoods.8.Thecompanymadean__________(adjust)inmysalary.9.Shewastakentohospital__________(suffer)fromanirregularheartbeat.10.Howwillthesechanges___________(affect)us?extremesupplyingadjustmentsufferingaffectTextBWhatdowemeanbythephrase“GreenChina”?WemeanaChinathatissustainable,democratic,fair,harmoniousandsocialist.Thisconclusionhasbeenreachedaftermanyyearsofstruggle.Eachwordisthedistillationoftheblood,sweatandtearsofseveralgenerations.WewanttobuildagreenChinabecausegreenisthecoloroflife,ofsustainability.PartⅢReadingStriveforaGreenChina

TextBHowever,inChinatoday,themodelofeconomicdevelopmentwearepursuingisunsustainable.China’scurrentsuppliesofenergyandnaturalresourcesareunsustainable.China’senvironmentisunsustainable.Ourcurrentsocietyisunsustainable.Developmentisagoodthinginitself.Butitmustnotbejusteconomicdevelopment.Onlyall-round,coordinateddevelopmentisgoodinitself.Wearewidelyrecognizedashavingachievedaneconomicmiracle,butwehavepaidanenormousprice.Thelatentvalueofscarceresourcessuchasland,water,theenvironment,andbiodiversityhasbeenignored.Blindinvestment,continualrebuildingandalifestylebasedonmassiveconsumptionhavebuiltupanenormousfinancialrisk.Atthesametime,theextremeworshipofwealthhasledtoadeclineinconsiderationforothersandabreakdowninsocialethicsandvalues.PartⅢReadingTextBInthelastfewyears,theconflictbetweentheenvironmentandtheeconomyhasbecomeunprecedentedintense—economicgrowthhasdestroyedmuchoftheenvironmentanddamagetotheenvironmentisseriouslyrestrictingeconomicgrowth.Therefore,weshouldhavetochooseanewpaththatmeanstheenvironmentandtheeconomywillbothbenefit.Thisisthepathofcleanproduction,acirculareconomywithnewenergysources.Othercountrieshavealreadyshownthatthesemethodscanbesuccessful.Greenproduction,cleantechnology,sustainableconsumption,greencapitalmarkets,stocksandsharesandgreencreditarealloptionsthatwecanexplore.Thisiswhatwemeanbya“greeneconomy”.PartⅢReadingNewWords

sustainable/səˈsteɪnəbl/adj.可持续的；可以忍受的democratic/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/adj.民主的；民主政体的harmonious/hɑ:ˈməʊniəs/adj.和谐的，融洽的；协调的distillation/ˌdɪstɪ'leɪʃn/n.蒸馏(过程)；蒸馏物；精华sustainability/səˌstenə'bɪlɪti/n.持续性，能维持性pursue/pəˈsju:/vt.继续；追求；进行vi.追，追赶；继续进行coordinate/kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt/vt.使协调，使调和vi.协调；协同miracle/ˈmɪrəkl/n.奇迹；令人惊奇的人(或事)latent/ˈleɪtnt/adj.潜在的；潜伏的★★PartⅢReadingNewWords

biodiversity/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜ:səti/n.生物多样性massive/ˈmæsɪv/adj.大的，重的；大块的，大量的consumption/kənˈsʌmpʃn/n.消费；耗尽worship/ˈwɜ:ʃɪp/vt.崇拜，尊崇vi.崇拜(尤指达到看不到缺点的地步)n.尊敬；崇拜unprecedented/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/adj.前所未有的，史无前例的；空前的intense/ɪnˈtens/adj.热情的，强烈的，紧张的circular/ˈsɜ:kjələ(r)/adj.圆形的；环形的option/ˈɒpʃn/n.选择(的自由)；选项；选择权★★☆PartⅢReadingPhrasesandExpressions

strivefor为……而努力latentvalue潜在的价值baseon以……为依据；使建立在……基础上massiveconsumption大量(大规模)消费leadto(道路)通向；导致socialethicsandvalues社会伦理价值观unprecedentedintense空前紧张stocksandshares股票与股份PartⅢReadingExercisesⅠ.Directions:

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.WhydowebuildagreenChina?2.Whatdowemeanbythephase“GreenChina”?3.Whyisitthatalthoughwehavemadegreatprogresseconomically,wehavepaidagreatprice?4.Whathasledtoabreakdowninsocialethicsandvalues?——WewanttobuildagreenChinabecausegreenisthecoloroflife,ofsustainability.——WemeanaChinathatissustainable,democratic,fair,harmoniousandsocialist.——Thelatentvalueofscarceresourcessuchasland,water,theenvironment,andbiodiversityhasbeenignored.——Theextremeworshipofwealth.PartⅢReading5.Whyistheconflictbetweentheenvironmentandtheeconomybecomingunprecedentedlyintenseinrecentyears?6.Doyouthinkthereisinevitableconflictbetweendevelopmentofeconomyandprotectionofenvironment?7.Whatshouldwedotodealwiththeconflictbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment?8.Whatdoesgreeneconomymean?PartⅢReading——Economicgrowthhasdestroyedmuchoftheenvironmentanddamagetotheenvironmentisseriouslyrestrictingeconomicgrowth.——No,wecouldchooseanewpaththatmeanstheenvironmentandtheeconomywillbothbenefit.——Weshouldchoosethepathofcleanproduction,acirculareconomywithnewenergysources.——Greenproduction,cleantechnology,sustainableconsumption,greencapitalmarkets,stocksandsharesandgreencreditarealloptionsthatwecanexplore.Thisiswhatwemeanbya“greeneconomy”.

Ⅱ.Directions:Choosetheproperexpressionsintheboxandfillintheblanks,changingtheformifnecessary.1.TheGreeksusedto_____________severalgods.2.A______________issomethingthatseemsimpossiblebuthappensanyway.3.Hebeganto_____________aneasyandcomfortablelife.4._____________developmentofcirculareconomyisaninevitablechoice.5.Their_____________relationshipresultedinpartfromtheirsimilargoals.6.Themovie____________areal-lifeincident.7.Youmust___________whatyousaidwithwhatyoudid.8.Smokingcould____________irregularheartbeats.PartⅢReadingsustainablemiraclebaseonleadtocoordinateharmoniouspursueworshipworshipmiracle

pursueSustainableharmoniousisbasedoncoordinate

leadtoⅢ.Directions:Selecttheappropriatewordtofillintheblanks.1.dead,deadly,death,diea.Mygrandfatheris_________,he_________in1980.b.Theyare___________enemies.c.Helooked___________pale.d.Doyoubelieveinlifeafter__________.2.offence,offend,offender,offensivea.They’llbe____________ifyoudon’tgototheirwedding.b.Whenitcomestopollution,thechemicalindustryisamajor______________.c.Thephotoonthecoverofthebookmaycause_____________tosomepeople.d.Hiscommentsweredeeply____________toalargenumberofsinglemothers.PartⅢReadingdeaddieddeadlydeadlydeathoffendedoffenderoffenceoffending3.meaning,meaningful,meaningless,meansa.Shegavemea____________look.b.Finesare____________toahugecompanylikethat.c.Herlifeseemedtohavelostall_____________.d.Isthereany____________ofcontactinghim?4.nature,natural,naturally,naturalnessa.Afterawhile,we_____________startedtalkingaboutthechildren.b.The______________ofthedialoguemadethebooksotruetolife.c.Myhairsoongrewbacktoits____________color.d.Justlet____________takeitscourse.PartⅢReadingmeaningfulmeaninglessmeaningmeansnaturallynaturalnessnaturalnatureⅣ.Directions:Translation—EnglishintoChinese,makethebestchoice.1. Heisabovecheatingintheexam.A.他善于在考试中欺骗。B.他是考试作弊的高手。C.他绝不会在考试中作弊。D.他正在考试中作弊。2. Listeningtoclassicmusicismycupoftea.A.古典音乐我最爱听。B.古典音乐是我的一杯茶。C.古典音乐是我的业余爱好。D.经典音乐是我最爱。PartⅢReadingCA3. Whenwillhebeavailable?A.他什么时候在家？B.他什么时候可以达到？C.他什么时候是有效的？D.他将在什么时候到达？4. Thankyoufornotsmoking.A.请勿吸烟，谢谢。B.请勿吸烟。C.谢谢你不吸烟。D.由于你不吸烟而谢谢你。PartⅢReading5. Don’tturnyourbackonfriendswhoaredownandout。A.不要用背对着被人打倒而且完全失败的朋友。B.不要不理睬穷困潦倒的朋友。C.对于失意落魄的朋友，不要拒之于千里之外。D.不要把你的背对着朋友。AAC主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。按照英语语法的规定，一般情况下，句子主语为单数时，其谓语动词用单数形式；句子主语为复数时，其谓语动词用复数形式。主谓一致包括三个方面：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。PartⅣGrammarReview主谓一致1.语法一致语法一致指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Hisambitionistobeamusician.他的志向是成为一名音乐家。Readingaloudisveryimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage.学习外语时大声朗读是非常重要的。注意：①由and或both...and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但如果这部分主语是具有两个身份或性质的同一人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Baseballandswimmingareusuallysummersports.棒球和游泳通常是夏季的运动。Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.这位教授兼作家在会上发言。PartⅣGrammarReviewMostleaderswerewell-educated.大多数领导都受过良好的教育。Howtheygottheredoesn’tconcernme.他们怎样到达那儿与我无关。注意：②主语前面如果有each,every,manya,morethanone,no等修饰，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.许多男孩和女孩都犯了同样的错误。Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.每分每秒都很珍贵PartⅣGrammarReviewPartⅣGrammarReview2.意义一致意义一致指谓语动词在单复数的选择上取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。①单复数同形的词作主语，要根据意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见名词有fish,deer,means,sheep,species,series,works等。例如：Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.一切可能的方法都试过了。Suchameansisreallyunpleasant.这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。PartⅣGrammarReview

②集合名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据它们所强调的内容来定。集合名词如果表示的是整体概念，谓语动词就用单数；反之，就用复数。Thecommitteewasmadeupoftenmembers.该委员会由十个成员组成。Thecommitteewereintheroom.委员们都在房间里。③“the+形容词(或过去分词)”作主语指一类人时，谓语动词通常用复数。Theinjuredweretakentothehospital.受伤的人都被送进了医院。TheEnglishdonotdrinkmuchwine.英国人不喝很多酒。PartⅣGrammarReview

④表示金钱、时间、价格、度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常可以把这些主语看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Tendollarsisspentonthisrose.这枝玫瑰花了10美元。Twentymilesisalongdistanceifyouhavetowalk.如果你走路的话，20英里是一段很长的距离。⑤形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如news,Mathematics,Physics,Politics,Economics等。Mathematicsisthelanguageofscience.数学是科学语言。HisSelectedPoemswasfirstpublishedin1965.他的《诗歌选集》最早是在1965年出版的。PartⅣGrammarReview3.就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。①由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语的形式一般根据就近原则处理。例如：EitherheorIamtogotothelaboratory.要么是他要么是我将去实验室。Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutthismatter.学生和老师都对此事一无所知。Notonlythebossbutalsohisemployeesobjecttothechange.不仅老板而且他的雇员都反对这种变化。PartⅣGrammarReview

②主语由there或here引导时，谓语的形式一般根据就近原则处理。例如：Hereisapen,afewbooksandsomepaperforyou.这儿有一支笔、几本书和一些纸给你。Therearefiftystudentsandateacherintheclassroom.教室里有50位学生和一位老师。注意：名词后面有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan等短语引出的共同主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的名词在单复数形式上要保持一致。例如：Allbutonewereherejustnow