2024届新高考英语作文辅导之段落修改课件

ParagraphWritingParagraphWritingWhatisthestructure

ofaparagraph?TheTopicSentenceSupportingsentencesTheconcludingsentenceThisisthestructureofaparagraph!Generallyspeaking,thesethreedifferenttypesofsentencesplaydifferentrolesinaparagraph:Topicsentence;Supportingsentences;Concludingsentence.asentencetotellthereaderwhattheparagraphismainlyabout.sentencestogivemoredetailedinformationaboutthetopicsentence.asentencetoendaparagraphortosummarize(总结）theideas.(主题句)(扩展句/阐述句)(结论句/结尾句)TheTopicSentenceThecharacteristicsofatopicsentenceThepositionsofatopicsentenceTheCharacteristics

1)Thetopicsentencemustbeacompletesentence.2)Thetopicsentenceshouldalwayscontainbothatopicandacontrollingidea.

TheTopicSentence=Topic+ControllingIdea3)Thetopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.Examples:1)Theimportanceofreadingwidely.

Readingwidelyisveryimportantinimprovingone’sreadingcomprehension.2)Fireaccidentsinbigcities.

Recentlyyearshavewitnessedamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesinourcountry.3)Tomakeallthedecisionsforchildren.

ParentsinChinatendtomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildren.Thetopictellsthereaderwhattheparagraphisabout.Thecontrollingideaisakeywordorphrasethatexpressesthebasicpointofaparagraph.Note:acontrollingideacommitstheparagraphtoaspecificaspectofthetopic.e.g.1)Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.

2)Alcoholicbeverages

shouldbe

bannedfromcollegecampusesfortworeasons.3)Therearequiteafewunusualsuperstitions

inChinaaboutmarriage.

(general)(specific)ReadthefollowingtopicsentencesandthenidentifythetopicandthecontrollingideaineachsentencePeoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.

Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.

MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.

AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.

Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.

ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.

Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.

IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.

InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.

Discussion:whichofthefollowingstatementisgeneral,specificorsuitable?Group11)Americanfoodisterrible.2)AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andpackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.3)Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.(toogeneral)(toospecific)(suitable)Group21)Manyvoterssupportedthecandidate.2)Manyvoterspassivelysupportedthecandidate.Group31)Toplayanykindofmusicalinstrument,oneneedstoknowsomethingabouttheinstrument.2)TOplayanykindofdrumrequiresagoodsenseofrhythm.(toogeneral)(toogeneral)(suitable)(suitable)Herearesomeexamplesofsentencesthatcannotbeusedastopicsentences.Canyoufigureoutwhytheyareinappropriate?

1)MyhometownisfamousbecauseitislocatedbyWheatonRiver,whichisverywide,andbecauseitisbuiltnearanunusuallysteephillcalledWheatonHill.Analysis:

Theproblemwiththissentenceisthatitcontainstoomanydetails.Topicsentencesaregeneral,anddetailsshouldappearlaterintheparagraph.Revised:

Myhometownisfamousforseveralamazinggeographicalfeatures.2)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmissionandtworeasonswhyotherslikecarswithmanualtransmission.Analysis:

Thissentenceisnotappropriateasatopicsentencebecauseitmentionstwotopics,notjustone.Paragraphsareusuallyaboutonemainthingandsotheirtopicsentencesshouldalsobeaboutonlyonemainthing.Revised:a)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmission.

OR(inadifferentparagraph):b)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplelikecarswithmanualtransmission.3)Cloudsarewhite.Analysis

Theproblemwiththissentenceisthatitistoogeneral.Itisalsoveryboring!Wouldyouliketoreadaparagraphwiththistopicsentence?Mostpeoplewouldnot.RevisedTheshapesofcloudsaredeterminedbyvariousfactors.DifferentPositionsOfaTopicSentencetypeThepositionsofthe

topicsentence

AtthebeginningofaparagraphAttheendofaparagraphInthemiddleofaparagraphNocleartopicsentence

Workingroupsoffourandfindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph!1

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)----cancer,cigarettesmokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?2

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

3

Everybridewantsherweddingtobethemostwonderfuldayofherlife.Butperfectweddingsrequirecarefulplanning,whetherthebrideandbridegroomareplanningatraditionalweddingorjustaregistryofficeceremony.Payingforthewedding,whichisalwaysaproblem,willpartlydecidethechoice.

TomstudiedforfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesfor

fouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBoston

College.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailConclusion1：

Howcanwegetthemainideaofaparagraph？

(1)Wecangetthemainideaofaparagraphbyfinding_______________，whichmayappearatthebeginningof、inthemiddleoforattheendofaparagraph;(2)Ifwecan’tfindatopicsentencefromtheparagraph,we’llhavetothemainideafromthewholeparagraphourselvesthetopicsentencegeneralize(归纳）Readthefollowingparagraphscarefullyandwriteatopicsentenceforeachparagraphinthespaceprovided.

.FamousinventorThomasEdison,forinstance,didsopoorlyinhisfirstyearsofschoolthathisteacherwarnedhisparentsthathewouldneverbeasuccessatanything.Similarly,HenryFord,thefatheroftheautoindustry,hadtroubleinschoolwithbothreadingandwriting.ButperhapsthebestexampleisAlbertEinstein,whoseparentsandteacherssuspectedthathewasretardedbecauseherespondedtoquestionssoslowlyandinastutteringvoice.Einstein’shighschoolrecordwaspoorineverythingbutmath,andhefailedhiscollegeentranceexamsthefirsttime.Evenoutofschoolthemanhadtroubleholdingajob---untilheannouncedthetheoryofrelativity.ManyscientistshadverybadproficiencyrecordsintheirschooldaysAsanindustry,TVprovidesjobsforhundredsofthousandswhomakeTVsetsandbroadcastingequipment.Italsoprovidesworkforactors,technicians,andotherswhoputonprograms.Asanart,televisionbringsthetheaterandotherculturaleventsintothehome.ItsinfluenceonthelifeofaverageAmericansisincalculable:itcaninfluencetheirthoughts,theirlikesanddislikes,theirspeech,andeventheirdress.Itcanalsoaddtotheirstoreofknowledge.Throughadvertising,televisionhelpsbusinessesandmanufacturersselltheirproductstomillionsofpeople.Televisionhasbroughtpoliticalcampaignsclosertothevotersthaninformerdays.EducationalTVstationsofferteachinginvarioussubjectsrangingfromhomenursingtoartappreciation.Manylargeschoolsanduniversitieshave“closed-circuit”televisionequipmentthatwilltelecastlecturesanddemonstrationstohundredsofstudentsindifferentclassrooms;andthelecturecanbeputonvideotapetobekeptforlateruse.SomehospitalsuseTVtoallowmedicalstudentstogetclose-upviewsofoperations.TVplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife.Americansrelaxingathome,forexample,mayputonkimonos,whichisaJapaneseword.AmericanswholiveinawarmclimatemaytakeanafternoonsiestaonanoutdoorpatiowithoutevenrealizingthattheseareSpanishwo