2022-2023学年福建省福州市私立翰英中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析

2022-2023学年福建省福州市私立翰英中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题31.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There

betwelveA.should

B.would

C.will

D.shall参考答案：A略2.There’snoneedtogetangry.Thewholeproblemis_______amisunderstanding.A.mainly

B.mostly

C.simply

D.particularly参考答案：C3.Nomatterhowmuchknowledgeyouhave,ifyoursubjectisatall______,becarefulwhendiscussingitduringyourspeech,oryoumaywelloffendyouraudience.A.diverse

B.sensitive

C.abstract

D.original参考答案：BA.diverse多样性；B.sensitive敏感；C.abstract抽象；D.original原始。句意：无论你有多少知识，如果你的主题是敏感话题，在你的演讲时说话一定要小心，否则你也可能会得罪你的听众。故选B。考点：考查形容词。4.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar____.A.washed

B.wash

C.washing

D.towash参考答案：A略5.Asyoungmen,weshouldlearntostandup

wefell.A.when

B.where

C.unless

D.if参考答案：B6.“XiJinping’sreport,”asmileonhisface,hecontinued,“______toseveralhottopics,discusseshowtoincreasepeasants’income.”

A.referring

B.refers

C.havingreferred

D.referred参考答案：A7.HadIbeenalittlemorecareful，I________suchafoolishmistake.A.won’tmakeB.hadn’tmadeC.didn’tmakeD.wouldn’thavemade参考答案：D8.Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelled

thelocalmarket.A.longerthan

B.morethan

C.asmuchas

D.asfaras参考答案：D9.Flowerssoon______whentheyhavebeencut.

A.wasdead

B.fade

C.lost

D.came参考答案：

B

10.Thegeneralatlastgotachancetovisitthevillage______heusedtofight,_____hehadbeendreamingofforyears.A.that;which

B.where;that

C.inwhich;what

D.where;which参考答案：D略11.

—Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?

—ActuallyIdidn’tlike______.A.bothofthem

B.eitherofthem

C.noneofthem

D.neitherofthem参考答案：B解析：题意是“这两个网络游戏你喜欢哪一个？说实话我两个都不喜欢。”not和both表示部分否定。none指三个以上的否定。neither两个都不，前面有don’t，就不能再和neither搭配使用了。要注意区别both,all,neither,either,none的基本用法，同时要注意部分否定和全否定的表达。如：Bothofhissonsareinthearmy.其全否定形式为：Neitherofhissonsisinthearmy.Allofuswenttothecinemayesterday.其完全否定形式是：Noneofuswenttothecinema.12.The_______totheeighty-year-oldprofessorkeepingfitistogojoggingthreekilometerseverymorning.A.issue

B.key

C.problem

D.note参考答案：B13.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_________allovertheword.

A.haveproduced

B.havebeenproduced

C.areproducing

D.arebeingproduced参考答案：B14.—Thereisalwaystemptationtohideawayfromouremotions.—ButI’dratherwe______awayofbeingmoreoutspoken,morehonest,andtruertoourselves.A.find

B.shallfind

C.found

D.havefound参考答案：C【详解】考查固定句式的用法。句意：—我们总有想要逃避情绪的诱惑。—但我更希望我们能找到一种更坦率、更诚实、对自己更真实的方式。固定句式：wouldrather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型Wouldrather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。故选C。【点睛】wouldrather的用法1.wouldrather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’drather，表示优先选择的一种方式其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth。wouldrather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用wouldrather。“wouldrather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用hadrather。would(had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。例MrLiwouldrathernotlistentorockmusic.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。2.如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用wouldrather…than…或would…ratherthan…的句型例IwouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。Thechildrenwouldwalkthereratherthantakeabus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。请注意1）wouldrather…than…/would…ratherthan…也可以颠倒为：ratherthan…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than后的动词可以省略。例Iwouldratherhavenoodlesthanrice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。Hewouldratherdrinkwinethanbeer．他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。Ratherthanworkinsuchbadcondition,hewouldgiveup.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。2)使用wouldrather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。例Iwouldrathergotoworkbybikethanbybus.我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。Iwouldrathertalkwithhismotherthanwithhisfather.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。3.wouldrather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型Wouldrather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。例Johnwantstoseemetoday.Iwouldratherhecametotomorrowthantoday.约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)We’dratherhepaidusthemoneytomorrow.我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。15.Evenifthereisnoscientificproof

secondhandsmokecausescancer,thereisnoreasonwhynonsmokersshouldbeforcedtotakethisrisk.A.which B.that C.when

D.where参考答案：B16.—Doyoulike______here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.

A.this

B.these

C.that

D.it参考答案：D解析：根据语境，上句缺like的宾语，下句中Theair…thewayoflife为like的宾语，所以用it来代替下句的宾语，所以D为正确答案。二、完型填空17.“NatureandNurture”Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____41____.Socialscientistsareofcourse____42____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____43____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____44____ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(争论)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“natureandnurture”.Thosewho____45____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____46____determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____47____tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____48____.Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____49____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely_____50_____bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto_____51_____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare_____52_____.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,_____53_____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame_____54_____thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact,itisquite_____55_____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.41.A.sensitive

B.productive

C.competitive

D.aggressive42.A.moderately

B.extremely

C.reluctantly

D.scarcely43.A.distinct

B.reliable

C.relevant

D.equal44.A.objectors

B.operators

C.opponents

D.advocates45.A.claim

B.support

C.resolve

D.inherit46.A.completely

B.largely

C.thoroughly

D.merely47.A.sensitive

B.open

C.central

D.subject48.A.abilities

B.capacities

C.personalities

D.instincts49.A.experts

B.scientists

C.environmentalists

D.behaviorists50.A.shaped

B.dominated

C.oppressed

D.restricted51.A.environmental

B.biological

C.genetic

D.psychological52.A.temporary

B.slight

C.fatal

D.far-reaching53.A.onthecontrary

B.asawhole

C.afterall

D.forinstance54.A.habits

B.responses

C.characteristics

D.advantages55.A.necessary

B.impossible

C.unreasonable

D.likely参考答案：41.C

42.B

43.A

44.D

45.B

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.D

50.A

51.A

52.D

53.A

54.B

55.D本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人的个性和智力是先天形成的还是受环境影响的两种理论。【41题详解】考查形容词。A.sensitive敏感的；B.productive多产的；C.competitive竞争的；D.aggressive侵略性的，有进取心的。根据orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____1____与前面的whyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot是并列的，根据前面的句子可知，anotheris____1____空格处填的是与前面cooperative相对的词，故选C。【42题详解】考查副词。A.moderately适度地；B.extremely极其，非常；C.reluctantly不情愿地；D.scarcely几乎不，简直不。根据Socialscientistsareofcourse____2____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.可知，社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词。A.distinct明显的；B.reliable可靠的；C.relevant相关的；D.equal平等的。根据Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____3____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.可知，目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。结合句意可知答案为A。【44题详解】考查名词。A.objectors反对者；B.operators操作者；C.opponents对手；D.advocates提倡者。根据Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____4____ofeachtheory.可知，正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论。根据文中的debate可知，应该是“支持者”之间的争论，故选D。【45题详解】考查动词。A.claim要求，声称；B.support支持；C.resolve溶解；D.inherit继承。根据Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持冲突“本性”一面的人认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的。根据文中的believe可知，这里应该是指“支持者”，结合句意可知答案为B。【46题详解】考查副词。A.completely完全地；B.largely主要地，大部分；C.thoroughly彻底地；D.merely仅仅，只不过。根据Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持冲突“本性”一面的人认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的。结合句意答案为B。【47题详解】考查形容词。A.sensitive敏感的；B.open公开的；C.central中心的；D.subject服从的。根据Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____7____tothistheory.可知，我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这对这一理论是极为重要的。becentralto“对……极为重要的”，故选C。【48题详解】考查名词。A.abilities能力；B.capacities性能；C.personalities人格，个性；D.instincts本能。根据Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____8____.可知，极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配。byourinstincts“通过我们的本能”，故选D。【49题详解】考查名词。A.experts专家；B.scientists科学家；C.environmentalists环保人士；D.behaviorists行为主义者。根据Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____9____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.可知，“后天培养”理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要。故选D。【50题详解】考查动词。A.shaped发展，成形，塑造；B.dominated控制，统治；C.oppressed压迫，折磨；D.restricted限制。根据Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely____10____bytheirsurroundings.可知，行为学家B.F.Skinner认为，人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的。此处shape的意思是“塑造，成形”，故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词。A.environmental环境的；B.biological生物的；C.genetic遗传的；D.psychological心理学的。根据Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto____11____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.可知，他们指出，就像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是其行为的基础。故选A。【52题详解】考查形容词。A.temporary临时的；B.slight轻微的；C.fatal致命的，重大的；D.far-reaching深远的。根据Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare____12____.可知，在社会和政治上，这两种理论的影响是深远的。故选D。【53题详解】考查词组。A.onthecontrary相反；B.asawhole总的来说；C.afterall毕竟，终究；D.forinstance例如。根据Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行为主义者认为，分数上的差异是由于这样一个事实，即黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多教育和其他环境方面的优势，因此，他们的反应与白人不同。故选A。【54题详解】考查名词。A.habits习惯；B.responses回应；C.characteristics特性；D.advantages优势。根据Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行为主义者认为，分数上的差异是由于这样一个事实，即黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多教育和其他环境方面的优势，因此，他们的反应与白人不同。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词。A.necessary必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.likely很可能的。根据Asamatteroffact,itisquite____15____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.可知，事实上，我们行为的关键很可能就在这两个极端之间，争议肯定会持续很长一段时间。固定句式：Itislikelythat…，“很可能”，故选D。三、阅读理解18.Engineersshouldembrace（接受）thearts，SirJohnO'Reilly，afellowoftheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology，arguedinalecture．About59%ofengineeringcompaniesintheIET's2014surveyfearedskillshortagescouldthreaten（威胁）business．"Thereisnothingascreativeasengineering,"SirJohntoldthereporter．Hesaysscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics-oftenknownas"Stem"subjects，arevitalforamodernknowledgeeconomy．Butthereisamassiveshortfallinthenumberofrecruits（招聘）-witharecentstudybytheRoyalAcademyofEngineeringsayingtheUKneedstoincreasebyasmuchas50%thenumberofStemgraduatesitproduces．Deliveringthisyear'sMountbattenLectureattheRoyalInstitution，SirJohnarguedthatengineersshouldrecognisetheroleoftheartsintheirwork-amongotherbenefits;thiscouldattractmorepeopleintotheprofession．Thelecture，FullSteamAheadforGrowth，advocatedawideradoption

--Steam，orscience，technology，engineering，artsandmaths．Engineersshouldembracetheartsasbeingkeytocreativityandanimportantcomponentofinnovation（创新），crucialtocreatingnewproductsandboostingfuturecompetitiveness，heargued．"Engineeringandtechnologyisanincreasinglydiverseandcreativefield,"saidSirJohn．Someuniversityengineeringdepartmentsalreadycooperatedwithartschoolstodevelopunderstanding，hetoldthereporter．InparticularhementionedCranfieldUniversity'sCentreforCreativeCompetitiveDesignandImperialCollege'sworkwiththeRoyalCollegeofArt．Thetwosetsofpeoplecouldworkwelltogetherandmoreemphasisonthecreativesideofengineeringcouldimprovethesuccessofproducts，hesaid．"Aesthetics(美学)ispartofit,"hetoldthereporter，addingthatApple'siPodwasnotthefirstdigitalmediaplayer，northeonlyonethatworked-butitcametodominatethemarket"becauseitwasnicetohave"．SirJohnsaidhewasnotsuggestinguniversitiesstartedrequiringA-levelartfromengineeringapplicants-thekeysubjectsforadmissionwouldcontinuetobemathsandthesciences．Butanemphasisoncreativeskillswouldhelp"broadenthepoolandattractmorepeoplein"．1．AccordingtoarecentstudybytheRoyalAcademy_______．A．skillshortagescouldthreatenbusinessB．engineeringgraduatesarenotascreativeasexpectedC．therearenotenoughartsgraduatesproducedintheUK．D．theUKneedsmoregraduatesinscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics2．AccordingtothelectureFullSteamAheadforGrowth，_______．A．engineersshouldcooperatewithartsmajorsB．AcceptingtheartscouldattractmorepeopleintoengineeringC．engineersshouldrealizeartsplaythemostimportantpartintheirworkD．engineeringandtechnologyisasdiverseandcreativeasbefore3．BygivingtheexampleofApple'siPod，SirJohnintendsto_______．A．stresstheimportanceofartsB．stresstheimportanceofmarketingC．stresstheimportanceofcommunicationD．stresstheimportanceofscienceandtechnology4．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Moreuniversitystudentsshouldstudyartsinsteadofengineering．B．Engineeringandtechnologyisincreasinglydifferentandunrelatedfields．C．TheIET'sskillssurveyraisedconcernsaboutthenumberofrecruitstoengineering．D．Studentsfromsomeuniversityengineeringdepartmentshavealreadytransferredtoartschools5．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Lackofcreativitymakesitdifficultfortheengineeringmajortofindasatisfactoryjob．B．Thekeysubjectsforengineeringmajorsremaintobemathsandthesciencesratherthanarts．C．Universityengineeringdepartmentsshouldcooperatewithartschoolstoimprovethesuccessofproducts．D．Engineeringneedstoemphasizeitscreativesidetoencouragemoreyoungpeopletochooseitasacareer．参考答案：DBACD试题解析：

STEM科目一般指科学、技术、工程和数学等，而最近英国的一份调查报告显示，攻读STEM课程的学生比例下降，英国STEM学科的发展前景令人堪忧。在文章中SirJohn提出人们应该认识到工程学当中的艺术成分，呼吁更多年轻人进入这一领域。

1．D细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容内容Butthereisamassiveshortfallinthenumberofrecruits（招聘）-witharecentstudybytheRoyalAcademyofEngineeringsayingtheUKneedstoincreasebyasmuchas50%thenumberofStemgraduatesitproduces．可知英国缺少STEM研究科目方面的人才，故答案选D。

2．B细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容SirJohnarguedthatengineersshouldrecognisetheroleoftheartsintheirwork-amongotherbenefits;thiscouldattractmorepeopleintotheprofession．可知认识到工程学中的艺术成分会吸引更多的人来从事这一行业，故答案选B。

3．A推理判断题。在文章倒数第二、三段SirJohn提到艺术学校和工程专业学生的合作能够促进产品的成功的原因是”Aesthetics(美学)ispartofit,"，然后以Apple’siPod为例，由此判断SirJohn通过Apple’iPod是想说明艺术在工程学方面的重要性。

4．C细节理解题。通过文章第二、三段内容可知这份调查显示了在STEM研究学科方面人员的缺少，而且SirJohn在调查中鼓励年轻人进入这一领域。

5．D主旨大意题。本文是一篇调查报告，在首段先提出Engineersshouldembracethearts,进而指出在STEM研究学科方面人员的缺少，然后在下文呼吁人们要强调工程学中的艺术方面，以此吸引更多的年轻人从事这一行业，由此判断本文中心内容是要人们意识到工程学中创新的一面从而鼓励年轻人从事这一行业。故答案选D。19.MygrandfathercamefromHungaryandwastheonlyoneinhisfamilywhosettleddownintheUnitedStates．TherestofhisfamilyremainedinEurope．WhenWorldWarIbrokeout,heseemedtohavebecomeanotherman,downhearted．Suchobviouschangewasnotbornoutofhiswelfare,butoutoffear:ifhisonlyson,myuncle,hadtogotowar,itwouldbecousinfightingagainstcousin．Onedayin1918,myUncleMiltonreceivedhisdraftnotice．Mygrandparentswereveryupset．Butmymother,attheageof10,feltontopoftheworldabouthersoldier