江苏专版2023-2024学年新教材高中英语Unit3Backtothepast素养培优练一牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解ADogscansmellfear,butcantheysmelloutthetruth?Itturnsout,dogsareprettygoodatpickinguponhumanbehavior.AteamledbyAkikoTakaokaofKyotoUniversityinJapanconductedastudywhichfoundoutthatdogsactuallyknowifyou'retobebelievedornot.Thestudyinvolvedtrickingdogsinthenameofscience.Humanshaveknownforalongtimethatifyoupointatanobject,adogwillruntoit.Researchersappliedthisinformationintheirstudy.Duringtheexperiment,theypointedatacontainerthatwasfilledwithhiddenfood.Sureenough,thedogsrantowardsthecontainer.Then,theypointedatacontainerthatwasempty.Thedogsrantowardsit,butfoundthatithadnofood.Thethirdtimetheresearcherspointedatacontainerwithfood,thedogsrefusedtogothere.Theyknewthepersonpointingwasn'treliablebasedontheirpreviousexperience.36dogswereusedintheexperiment,andeverysingledogwouldn'tgotowardsthecontainerthethirdtime.Thisexperimentprovesthatdogscanspotaliarorthatdogshavemajortrustissues.Inotherwords,ifyoulietoyourdog,yourdogformstheopinionthatyourwordsaren'tgoodandwillbehaveaccordingly.“Dogshavemorecomplexsocialintelligencethanwethought.Thissocialintelligenceevolvedselectivelyintheirlonglifehistorywithhumans,”saidTakaoka,whowasalsosurprisedthatdogswerequickwhenthey“devaluedthereliabilityofahuman”.JohnBradshawoftheUniversityofBristolintheUK,whowasn'tinvolvedinthisstudy,saysthattheresultsindicatethatdogspreferpredictability.Whengesturesareinconsistent,dogstendtobecomenervousandstressed.Theresearchersplantorepeattheexperimentwithwolvestolookintothe“effectsofdomestication”ondogs.1.WhatdoesTakaoka'sstudyfocuson?A.Dogs'relationshipwithhumans. B.Dogs'reactionwhencheated.C.Whetherdogscanrecognizelies. D.Whetherdogscansmellfear.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromParagraph2?A.12dogsweretestedeachtime.B.Researcherstookadvantageofdogs'habits.C.Thesamecontainerwasusedinthethreestages.D.Dogsweretrainedtosmelloutfoodbeforetheexperiment.3.WhatdoTakaoka'swordsinParagraph3implyaboutdogs?A.Theyaremoreintelligentthanhumans.B.Theyusedtodevaluehumans'reliability.C.Theyhaveevolvedhighsocialintelligence.D.Theyreactquicklytohumans'gestures.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wolvestendtogetusedtoinconsistency.B.Wolvescanbedomesticatedlikedogs.C.Dogsaregoodatpredictinghumanbehavior.D.Dogsareeasilyinfluencedbychanges.BLosAngelesnativeRandallBartlettsatundertherooftopofatraditionalChinesescholar'sstudio,occasionallyturningapageofhisbook.ThescenewasinthereopenedLiuFangYuangardenattheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardens.Forhim,thegardenbringstolifetheChinesephilosophieshelearnedfrombooks.PhillipE.Bloom,directoroftheCenterforEastAsianGardenStudies,saidtheideaforLiuFangYuangoesbacktothe1980swiththeinitialaimofcreatingacollectionofChineseplants,butafterresearch,theyrealizedplantsalonewerenotsufficienttodemonstratetheessenceofaChinesegarden.Eventually,itwasdecidedtomodelagardenon16thand17thcenturyscholarlyretreats（隐居处）inSuzhou.ThedecisionwasmadepartlyduetothefameofSuzhouclassicalgardens,butalsobecausesimilaritieswerefoundbetweentheHuntingtonandSuzhougardens.BloomsaidthatHenryHuntington,founderoftheHuntingtonLibrary,wasasuccessfulUSbusinessmanwhousedhisfortunetocollectrarebooks,artworksandtocreategardens.“ManySuzhougardenswerealsocreatedbyrichpeoplewhotriedtopursueascholarlylifestyle,”headded.TopreservethecharacteroftheSuzhougardens,theHuntingtonLibrarysoughthelpfromSuzhou,givingrisetocollaborationbetweenUSandChinesearchitects,contractorsanddesigners.Inallstagesofconstruction,artisans（工匠）fromSuzhoucametoworkondetailsofthevenue.Afterthreeyearsofexpansionfrom2018to2020,LiuFangYuanreopenedtothepublicwith4.6hectaresofnewlandscape,makingitoneofthelargestclassical-styleChinesegardensintheworld.Theadditionsincludecourtyardsdisplayingpenjing,ascholar'sstudio,apavilion（亭子）situatedatthegarden'shighestpoint,etc.Now,itismeaningfultoseehowpeoplefromlocalcommunitiesinteractwiththegarden.“AlotofvolunteerscometodifferentlecturesandexhibitionsaboutChineseculturethatweholdregularly,”Bloomsaid.Byexposingitsvisitorstoartsandliterature,LiuFangYuangoesbeyondinternationalboundariesandbridgestheculturalgapsbetweenthetwocountries.5.WhatdoweknowaboutLiuFangYuan?A.ItusedtobeascholarlyretreatinSuzhou.B.ItwasconstructedbySuzhouartisansalone.C.Itbecamethelargestgardenafterbeingexpanded.D.ItpromotesculturalexchangesbetweenAmericaandChina.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theintroductiontothefounder.B.ThefameofSuzhouclassicalgardens.C.Thefeaturesofascholarlylifestyle.D.ThereasonsformodelingaSuzhougarden.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collaboration”inParagraph4mean?A.Negotiation. B.Cooperation. C.Inspiration. D.Contradiction.8.WhydidBloommentionlocalpeople'sinteractionswiththegarden?A.Toshowitsculturalsignificance. B.Todetailitsarchitecturalfeatures.C.Topromoteitsdiverseactivities. D.Toboostitsinternationalfame.Ⅱ.七选五Applyingthecorrecttimemanagementskillsandtipscanhelpyougetmoreorganizedandincreaseproductivity.Themoreofthesetoolsyoulearntouse,themoreyouwillgetdoneeachday.1First,getyourworklistreadyforthefollowingdaytheeveningornightbefore.Thebestexerciseisforyoutoplanyourentirenextdayasthelastthingyoudobeforecominghomefromwork.Whenyouplanyourdaythenightbefore,yoursubconsciousthengoestoworkonyourplansandgoalswhileyouareasleep.Veryoftenyouwillwakeupinthemorningwithideasandinsightsthatapplytotheworkoftheday.2Amajorreasonforinsomniaisyourlyingawaketryingnottoforgettoremembereverythingthatyouhavetodothefollowingday.Scheduleyourtime.3Theveryactofusingyourorganizationalskillstoplanyourday,week,andmonth,givesyouagreaterfeelingofcontrolandwillhelpincreaseproductivitythroughoutyourday.You'llfeelinchargeofyourlife.Masteringyourtimeorganizationactuallyincreasesyourself-esteemandimprovesyoursenseofpersonalpower.Startearly.Toincreaseproductivity,startyourdayearly.4Inthebiographiesandautobiographiesofsuccessfulmenandwomen,almostallofthemhaveonethingincommon.Theydevelopedgreatorganizationalskillsandthehabitofgoingtobedatareasonablehourandrisingearly.Manysuccessfulpeopleariseat5:00a.m.or5:30a.m.5Asaresult,theyarealwaysmoreeffectivethanthosewhosleepinuntilthelastpossiblemoment.A.Prepareinadvance.B.Itreducesstressandreleasesenergy.C.Increaseproductivitywithprimetime.D.Thentheycanhaveenoughtimetothinkandplanforthecomingday.E.Yourmostimportantworkrequiresthatyoubeatyourbest,andcreative.F.Amajorbenefitofdoingsoisthatthisexerciseletsyousleepmoresoundly.G.Themoretimeyoutaketothinkandplan,thebetterorganizedyouwillbeinyourlife.Ⅲ.完形填空TheteacherwhochangedmylifewasMarjorieHurD.Sheactuallysetthe1ofmylifeinthenewlandIenteredasayoungwarrefugee（难民）.ShortlyafterImetMarjorieHurd,Iwas2.Sheintroducedmetothe3wealthofGreece—givingmeanew4onmywar-ravaged（受战争蹂躏的）homelanD.Ibegantobeproudofmy5.Oneday,after6howwritersshouldwriteaboutwhattheyknow,she7ustocomposeanessayfromourownexperience.Thenlookingatme,she8,“Nick,IwantyoutowriteaboutwhathappenedtoyourfamilybackinGreece.”Ihadbeentryingtoputthose9memoriesbehindmeandlefttheassignmentuntilthelastmoment.ThenI10theessay,hopingnevertoseeitagain,butMissHurd11theessaytoacontestsponsoredbytheWorcesterpaperanditwonamedal.ForthefirsttimeIbegantounderstandthe12ofthewrittenworD.IfollowedtheliterarypaththatMissHurdhadoncesetmeon.Aftergraduation,Ibecamethe13oftheWorcesterpaper.Whenthepaper14apictureofmestandingnexttoPresidentKennedy,myfathercutoutthephotographand15itinhisbreastpocketfortherestofhislifetoshoweveryonehemet.1.A.sign B.course C.form D.cycle2.A.hesitant B.awkward C.shocked D.impressed3.A.literary B.family C.personal D.military4.A.feedback B.perspective C.emphasis D.influence5.A.lives B.schools C.origins D.teachers6.A.discussing B.inquiring C.justifying D.anticipating7.A.assigned B.challenged C.persuaded D.promised8.A.complained B.sighed C.shouted D.added9.A.pleasant B.unclear C.painful D.temporary10.A.subscribedto B.gaveup C.pickedout D.handedin11.A.compared B.submitted C.donated D.attached12.A.magic B.mode C.fault D.principle13.A.waiter B.reader C.editor D.monitor14.A.renewed B.polished C.displayed D.interpreted15.A.found B.carried C.noticed D.forgot素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解1.C[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“日本京都大学的高冈明子领导的一个研究小组进行了一项研究,发现狗实际上知道你是否值得相信”可知,高冈的研究重点是狗能否知道人类是否可信,即狗是否能够识别谎言。2.B[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知,这项研究涉及以科学的名义欺骗狗。人类早就知道,如果你指向一个物体,一条狗就会跑向它。研究人员在研究中应用了这些信息。3.C[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段Takaoka的话可知,狗的社交智力比我们想象的要复杂。这种社交智力是在它们与人类漫长的生活史中有选择地进化而来的。这说明狗在与人类漫长的生活史中进化出了高度的社交智力。4.D[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,狗更喜欢可预测性。当手势不一致时,狗往往会变得紧张。由此推知,狗很容易受到变化的影响。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗善于了解人类的行为,它们实际上可以知道人类是否值得相信。5.D[解析]细节理解题。由文章最后一句可知,流芳园超越了国际界限,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟,因此推动了中美的文化交流。6.D[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段首句可知,做出这一决定的部分原因是苏州古典园林的名气,但也因为Huntington和苏州园林有相似之处。这说明这一段在介绍仿造苏州园林的原因。7.B[解析]词义猜测题。所在句子里有中美的建筑师、承包商、设计师,所以他们之间应该是需要合作。故选B。8.A[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,这个园林通过展示艺术和文学作品,超越了国际界限,为两国的文化差异架起了桥梁。这说明园林的价值既在于建筑本身,也在于它的文化交流意义。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了流芳园的建造灵感和重新开放的过程。Ⅱ.七选五1.A[解析]后文提到了在前一天晚上准备好第二天的工作清单,由此可知是在建议提前准备。故A项“提前准备”符合语境。2.F[解析]根据上文可知,应承接上文说明这么做的好处：让你睡得更香。故F项“这样做的一个主要好处是可以让你睡得更香”符合语境。3.B[解析]根据后文可知,本段的主旨是安排好时间,且后文提到了掌握你的时间安排实际上会增加你的自尊,提高你的个人力量感,即好处是“减轻压力,释放能量”。故B项“它能减轻压力,释放能量”符合语境。4.G[解析]上文提到“早开始。要提高工作效率,就早点开始一天的工作”，后文提到了成功人士养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯,即计划自己的时间可以让生活更有条理。故G项“你花越多的时间去思考和计划,你的生活就会越有条理”符合语境。5.D