高三英语二轮复习议论文阅读方法+课件

高中议论文阅读方法议论文类型题简介※议论文的文章类型：观点、辩论观点类：作者个人的观点立场情感体现辩论类：多方观点冲突，作者观点收尾※正确选项与文章主题密切相关议论文体现作者态度，说明文体现客观事实Ⅰ.阅读方法1.文章结构（1）论点（2）论据（3）

论证（4）

观点态度Ⅱ.例题讲解真题再现-结构再现

天津.2021高考【1】Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.【2】Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.提出论点运用论据论证(分析利弊)真题再现-结构再现

天津.2021高考13.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto________.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.broadenhisperspectiveonlifeC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork14.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto________.A.enjoymeetingfunnypeopleB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.treasuretheirfreedom15.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho________.A.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork考察论点考察论据考察论据16.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson’ssuccess.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.17.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist真题再现-结构再现

天津.2021高考考查论证考查主旨大意2.考查重点(1)论点Increasingly,Americansarebecomingtheirowndoctors,bygoingonlinetodiagnosetheirsymptoms,orderhomehealthtestsormedicaldevices,orevenself-treattheirillnesseswithdrugsfromInternetpharmacies(药店).Someavoiddoctorsbecauseofthehighcostofmedicalcare,especiallyiftheylackhealthinsurance.Ortheymaystayawaybecausetheyfinditembarrassingtodiscusstheirweightorcouchpotatohabits.Patientsmayalsofearwhattheymightlearnabouttheirhealth,ortheydistrustphysiciansbecauseofnegativeexperiencesinthepast.Butplayingdoctorcanalsobeadeadlygame.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'smainargument?A.It'scheaptoself-treatyourownillness.B.It'sembarrassingtodiscussyourbadhabits.C.It'sreasonabletolookupamedicalwebsite.D.It'sdangeroustobeyourowndoctor.议论文阅读方法(2)论据常见关键词：insb'sopinion...;mostlikelyagree...Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevade(难倒)scientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas"WestWorld"and"Humans".Howpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist."Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere."InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness

.

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmakingC.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseriesD.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit议论文阅读方法（3）论证Shethinksthatniksenisessential(重要的)tostayinghealthy,sinceit'saformofmentalrelaxationandhealing(治愈).Justasawildanimalliesinwaitfortheirprey(猎物),niksenseemstobeanaturalstateofbeing.Forsomepeople,niksencanmeanmorethanjuststressreduction.It'salsoawaytoimaginenewideasorplans.Asanearlyadopterofniksen,JennyHolden,acommunicationsexpertintheUK,addsittoherdailylunchbreaks."Within10minutesofdoingnothing—juststaringandlisteningtomyself—myheadbegantoclearandsortoutmyworkandhometo-dolists,"shetoldtheMetroUK.Holden'sexampleistoshow

.A.niksencanshortenthedistancebetweenpeopleB.howniksenimprovesone'smentalhealthC.nikseniscloselyrelatedtostressreductionD.niksenhelpspeoplecomeupwithnewthoughts议论文阅读方法（3）论证Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificcommunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat

A.heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltimeB.hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthoughtC.advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesD.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthem议论文阅读方法（3）论证：补充练习Iwouldhavealsotoldthestudenthewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Manyemployerslookforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskillsaswellasotherabilities.Astheworldischangingbyartificialintelligence,machinelearning,andautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imagination,andmoralreasoningwillbehighlyvalued.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,whileadegreeforthesciencemajorisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LookatthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinked,Slack,andFlicker,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocontributetheirsuccesstothattraining.Whydoestheauthormentionsuccessfulfoundersofcompanies?A.Topraisetheirhardworkingandcreativethinking.B.Tocallonstudentstostudyhumanitiesratherthanscience.C.Tocriticizethosestudentswholookdownuponhumanities.D.Toconveythemessagethathumanitiescontributealottoasuccessfulcareer.议论文阅读方法（4）观点态度"Gardeningisnotforeveryone,"saysMariaDevereaux,aprojectofficeratSustain."But,increasinglynow,we'vegotevidencethatevenpeoplewhoaren'tgardenersareabletoharvestthebenefitsofbeingoutsideworkingwithnatureandallthethingsthatcomewithit."EvidencecollectedbyGrowingHealthfoundsimplyviewingagreenspacethroughawindowcouldhelppeoplerelaxandreducestresslevels.Otherevidenceconfirmedthatthephysicalactivityofgardeningcouldimprovementalwell-being.What'sMariaDevereaux'sattitudetowardsGardening?A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Disapproving议论文阅读方法常见表观点态度的词：正向:positive，optimistic，supporting，approval，favorable，approving负向:negative,pessimistic,passive，disapproval，disapproving,critical中立:

objective，neutral拓展知识[1]Let'stakeamomenttoconsiderthewordsofoneofAmerica'smostremarkablephilosophers,HenryDavidThoreau.[2]Thoreauspenttheyears1845-1847livingontheoutskirtsofsocietyinasmallcabininthewoodsbythesideofWaldonPond.Hecalledthisperiodofhislifeanexperimentofintentionallivingandwrotethisfamousparagraph:[3]IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnotwhenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife.[4]ThereisgreatwisdominThoreau'spurposehere,andIthinkit'sveryusefultoaskourselvesthisquestion:Whatwouldourlivesbelikeifwesuckedallthemarrowoutoflife?[5]IfThoreau'squotesoundsfamiliar,itmaybefromwatchingthefilmDeadPoetsSociety,amoviewithdeepwisdom.Thefilmisaboutyoungmenataboardingschoolastheypreparetodogoodintheworldbecausetheyhavetheprivilegetobringaboutchange.TheirEnglishteacherplayedbyRobinWilliams,triestoconvincethemthattheyshouldlivelifewellnowinsteadofbelievingthattheywillfindhappinessaftertheyreachcertaingoals.PartofhisargumentisconveyedbyquotingthisfamouspassagefromThoreau.例题讲解Suckingthemarrowoutoflifesoundssimpleenough,butasamatteroffact,itmaybethemostdifficultthingthatwecaneverdo.Butitactuallyisassimpleasitsounds—though"simple"isnotquitethesamethingas"easy".Icanthinkofonebarrierthatoftenkeepsusfromlivingourbestlives.Whatkeepsusfromgettingthemostoutoflifeisourdesireforapprovalandfame.Intheprocessofalwayslookingforfameandglory,thereisthedangerthatwewillstopliving.Inordertoseekapprovalfromothers,wefailtofindasenseofapprovalwithinourownspirit.Whenwebecomeawarethatwearemissingsomuchoutoflife,wecandecidethatwewanttomakechanges.Ourbestmoveistostartsmall.Ifwearehavingameal,whetheragreatfestivalfeastoramodestsupper,itisalwayswithinourpowertotakeitslowlyandreallyfeel,taste,andenjoythefoodbeforeus.FewofuscaneasilydolikeHenryDavidThoreauandgetawayfromitallinthewilderness.Butwecanmakesmallchangeseverysingleday.例题讲解1.WhatwisdomisconveyedinThoreau'swords?A.Stayawayfromcitylife.

B.Liveone'slifetothefullest.C.Onlynaturecanbringhappiness.

D.Onecanneverbetoooldtolearn.2.WhydidtheauthormentionthefilmDeadPoetsSociety?A.Torecommendagoodfilm.

B.Topraisetheteacher'swisdom.C.TofurtherillustrateThoreau'swisdom.

D.TostatethefilmwasadaptedfromThoreau'sworks.3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardspeople'sseekingforapproval?A.Critical.

B.Supportive.

C.Sympathetic.

D.Unconcerned.4.Howcanpeoplechangelifeforthebetteraccordingtotheauthor?A.Liveinthewildness.B.Sethighergoals.C.Makesmallchangesdaily.D.Readmoreclassics.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AskforMore:ThoreauExposestheMeaningofLifeB.SunkinThought:ThoreauOutshinesAncientPhilosophersC.AimHigh:Thoreau'sPracticalAdviceEnsuresSuccessfulLifeD.ToLiveIntentionally:Thoreau'sPhilosophyRemainsValuableCommunitiesacrosstheworldarestartingtobanfacialrecognitiontechnologies．Theeffortsarewellintentioned，butbanningfacialrecognitionisthewrongwaytofightagainstmodemsurveillance（监视）．Generally，modernmasssurveillancehasthreebroadcomponents：identification，correlationanddiscrimination．Facialrecognitionisatechnologythatcanbeusedtoidentifypeoplewithouttheirconsent．Onceweareidentified，thedataaboutwhoweareandwhatwearedoingcanbecorrelatedwithotherdata．Thismightbemovementdata，whichcanbeusedto"follow"usaswemovethroughoutourday．Itcanbepurchasingdata，Internetbrowsingdata，ordataaboutwhowetalktoviaemailortext．Itmightbedataaboutourincome，ethnicity，lifestyle，professionandinterests．Thereisanentireindustryofdatabrokerswhomakealivingbysellingourdatawithoutourconsent．It'snotjustthattheyknowwhoweare；it'sthattheycorrelatewhattheyknowaboutustocreateprofilesaboutwhoweareandwhatourinterestsare．Thewholepurposeofthisprocessisforcompaniestotreatindividualsdifferently．WeareshowndifferentadsontheInternetandreceivedifferentoffersforcreditcards．Inthefuture，wemightbetreateddifferentlywhenwewalkintoastore，justaswecurrentlyarewhenwevisitwebsites．Itdoesn'tmatterwhichtechnologyisusedtoidentifypeople．What'simportantisthatwecanbeconsistentlyidentifiedovertime．Wemightbecompletelyanonymous（匿名的）inasystemthatusesuniquecookiestotrackusaswebrowsetheInternet，butthesameprocessofcorrelationanddiscriminationstilloccurs．

例题讲解

Regulatingthissystemmeansaddressingallthreestepsoftheprocess．Abanonfacialrecognitionwon'tmakeanydifference．Theproblemisthatwearebeingidentifiedwithoutourknowledgeorconsent，andsocietyneedsrulesaboutwhenthatispermissible.．Similarly，weneedrulesabouthowourdatacanbecombinedwithotherdata，andthenboughtandsoldwithoutourknowledgeorconsent．Thedatabrokerindustryisalmostentirelyunregulatednow.Reasonablelawswouldpreventtheworstoftheirabuses．Finally，weneedbetterrulesaboutwhenandhowitispermissibleforcompaniestodiscriminate．Discriminationbasedonprotectedcharacteristicslikeraceandgenderisalreadyillegal，butthoserulesareineffectualagainstthecurrenttechnologie