语言学期末复习资料资格考试认证

1/1语言学期末复习资料-资格考试认证

语言学

I.单选：

1.Thesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsocietyis

called________.

A.sociolinguisticsB.neurolinguistics

C.macrolinguisticsD.microlinguistics

2.Whichofthefollowingsdoesntbelongtodialectalvarieties?_______.

A.regionaldialectB.sociolectC.idiolectD.diglossia

3.Thedialectwhichiscausedbysocialstatusis________.

A.regionaldialectB.sociolectC.idiolectD.diglossia

4.Standarddialectis_________.

A.designatedastheofficialornationallanguageofacountry

B.adialectachildacquiresnaturallylikehisregionaldialect

C.usedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurpose

D.usedbypeoplewhobelongtothehighersocialstatus

5.Sometimes,twovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthecommunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay.Thisphenomenonis_____.

A.bilingualismB.diglossiaC.pidginD.creole

6.WhichofthefollowingsdoesNOTconstitutethereasonforregionaldialect?

A.Geographicalbarrier.

B.Loyaltytoonesnativespeech.

C.Theexistenceofstandarddialect.

D.Physicalandpsychologicalresistancetochange.

7.AspeakerusestheStandardEnglishdialectwheninteractingwithstrangers,and

语言学

usesadifferentdialectwheninteractingwithindividualswhomsherecognizesasmembersofherownsocialgroup.Thisillustrateswhichofthefollowingtypesoflinguisticbehavior?

A.Hypercorrection.B.Negativetransfer.

C.Code-switching.D.Borrowing.

8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottheconcernofsociolinguistics?

A.Thelanguageapersonusesrevealshissocialbackground.

B.Thereexistsocialnormsthatdeterminethetypeoflanguagetobeusedonacertainoccasion.

C.Howdoesthehumanmindworkwhentheyuselanguage.

D.Toinvestigatethesocialaspectsoflanguage.

9.Theword“language”issometimesusedtorefertothewholeofapersons

language.Thisiscalled________.

A.scientificlanguageB.idiolectC.colloquiallanguageD.formallanguage

10.Theformofagivenlanguageusedinacertaingeographicalspaceiscalled____.

A.styleB.dialectC.registerD.pidgin

11.AccordingtoSapir-whorfHypothesis,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround.

B.Languagefilterspeoplesperceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.

C.Languagepatternsdetermineorinfluencepeoplesthinkingandbehavior.

D.Languagestructurepeoplehabituallyuseshowsnoinfluenceonpeoplesbehavior.

12.WhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisNOTtrue?

A.Languageuseistintedwithitsculture.

B.Languageexpressesculturalreality.

语言学

C.Therelationshipisanalogoustothatofstructuresandprocesses.

D.Therelationshipoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.

13.Thefamousline“Myloveisared,redrose.”stirsupvividlytheimaginationofabeautifullady.Thisisthe_______meaningof“rose”.

A.denotativeB.connotativeC.iconicD.dictionary

14.Themeaningcanbefoundinthedictionaryisthe_______meaningofaword.

A.denotativeB.connotativeC.iconicD.culture

15.InEnglish,“green”inthephrase“green-eyes”isassociatedwith________.

A.unhappyfeelingsB.highsocialpositionC.envyorjealousyD.negativequalities

16.FrancehasmadespecialeffortstoprotectitslanguagefrombeingcorruptedbyotherlanguagesespeciallyAmericanEnglish.Thisisakindof________.

A.linguisticsimperialismB.linguisticnationalismC.culturalimperialism

D.culturaldiffusion

17.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisisabout________.

A.languageandthoughtB.languageandtranslationC.grammaticalstructureD.secondlanguageacquisition

18.Sapir-Whorfhypothesisisalsoknownaslinguistics________.

A.reliabilityB.relativityC.reversibilityD.reachability

19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnonverbalcommunicationisNOTtrue?

A.Nonverbalcommunicationandculturearesimilarinthatbotharelearned,botharepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration,andbothinvolvesharedunderstandings.

B.Studyingnonverbalbehaviorcanleadtothediscoveryofaculturesunderlyingattitudesandvalues.

C.Nonverbalactionsalwaysoccurinisolation.

D.Nonverbalcommunicationhasfivebasicfunctions:torepeat,tocomplement,tosubstituteforaverbalaction,toregulate,andtocontradictacommunicationevent.

语言学

20.WhichstatementisNOTrightindescribingthebehavioristsview?

A.Behavioristsviewstressesimitation,stimulationandreinforcement.

B.Behavioristsofferareasonableaccountofhowchildrenacquiresomeoftheregularandroutineaspectsofthelanguage.

C.Behavioristsholdthatchildrenlearnthelanguagegraduallyinmuchthesamewayashabit-forming.

D.behavioristsaccountsareconvincingespeciallywhenitisusedtoexplainchildrensacquiringcomplexsystem.

21.AccordingtoChomsky,theUniversalGrammaris________.

A.gotthroughimitationandpractice

B.acquiredthroughtheinteractionwiththeenvironment

C.pre-equippedinchildrensbrains

D.gainedspecificallyforeachlanguage

22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilityinlearningtheirfirstlanguage.

B.Linguisticenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinfirstlanguagelearning.

C.Achildcanbeginhisfirstlanguageacquisitionatanytime.

D.Itiseasyforparentstoteachtheirchildrengrammar.

23.Thechildmaygetconfusedathearingthecolorofwhiteusedforpaperwhenhe/shefirstthoughtisasthewordforsnow.Thisisanexamplefor________.

A.under-extensionB.over-extensionC.hearingimpairmentD.mentalretardation

24.Aroundtheageof2,childrenbegintoproducetwo-wordutterancessuchas“mommysock”,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthisisNOTtrue.

A.Thiskindofspeechiscalledtelegraphicspeech.

语言学

B.Thiskindofspeechiscalledcaretakertalk.

C.Therearecontentwordsinthespeech.

D.Therearenotfunctionelementsinthespeech.

25.Thechildrenknowthetaboowords,thepoliteformsofaddressingduring___.

A.pragmaticdevelopmentB.atypicaldevelopment

C.grammaticaldevelopmentD.vocabularydevelopment

26.Thetheoryofuniversalgrammarwasproposedby______.

A.NoamChomskyB.FirthC.F.D.SaussureD.Sapir

27.ThefollowingstatementsabouterroranalysisaretrueEXCEPT_______.

A.theoncepredominantcontrastiveanalysiswasgraduallyreplacedbyerroranalysis.

B.differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,erroranalysisgiveslessconsiderationtonativelanguage.

C.erroranalysiscomparestheformsandmeaningsacrossthenativeandtargetlanguages.

D.twomainsortsoferrorswerediagnosed:interlingualerrorsandintralingualerrors.

28.SomeChineselearnersofEnglishtendtopronounce“three”as“tree”and“this”as“dis”.Thisiscausedby_________.

A.interlingualinterferenceB.intralingualinterferenceC.cognitivefactors

D.semanticchange

29.Thecommonerrorssuchas“he/shehas/havetotouchthesociety”inChineseEnglishlearnersbelongto_______.

A.systematocityB.permeabilityC.fossilizationD.substitution

30.Generally4typesofmotivationhavebeenidentifiedinthesecondlanguagelearning“Learnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.”iscalled_______motivation.

语言学

A.instrumentalB.integrativeC.resultativeD.intrinsic

31.Amongvariousdivisionsoflearningstrategies.ThosebyChamot(1986)andOxford(1990)arewidelyaccepted.“Thetechniquesinplanningmonitoringandevaluatingoneslearning”iscalled________.

A.cognitiveB.metacognitiveC.affectD.social

32.Inthefollowingstatementsaboutmotivation,whichoneisNOTtrue?

A.Itisdefinedasthelearnersattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive.

B.Ithasastrongimpactonalearnerseffortsinlearningasecondlanguage.

C.Itplaysanimportantroleinlearnersuseoflearningstrategies.

D.Itoccursonlywhenlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.

33.________sInputHypothesisisoneofthemostfamoustheoriesamongdifferentmodelsoflanguageacquisition.

A.KrashenB.ChomskyC.AustineD.Halliday

34.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenbrainandlanguageiscalled_______.

A.sociolinguisticsB.macrolinguistics

C.microlinguisticsD.neurolinguistics

35.ThebrainstemmaintainstheessentialfunctionsEXCEPT______.

A.heartrateB.muscleco-ordination

C.respirationD.memory

36.The“rightearadvantage”means________.

A.therightearhasanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignals.

B.therightearisbetteratenvironmentalsoundssuchasbirdsongs

C.humanbeingscangetsoundsonlyfromtherightear

D.theleftearcantgetthelinguisticsignalsatanytime

语言学

37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Theinformationfromtheleftsideofthebodyisreceivedonlybytherightsideofthebrainandviceversa.

B.Theinformationfromtheleftsideofthebodyisreceivedonlybytheleftsideofthebrainandviceversa.

C.Thebrainisdividedintotwosections:thelowersectioncalledthebrainstemandhighersectioncalledcerebrum.

D.Thecortexisseparatedbythelongitudinalfissureinto2parts:theleftandrightcerebralhemispheres.

38.________referstothelearninganddevelopmentofalanguage.

A.Languageacquisition

B.Languagecomprehension

C.Languageproduction

D.Languageinstruction

39.Theword“Motel”comesfrom“motor+hotel”.Thisisanexampleof

________inmorphology.

A.backformation

B.conversion

C.blending

D.acronym

40.Languageisttoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“HighwayClosed”ona

highwayserves

A.anexpressivefunction.

B.aninformativefunction.

C.aperformativefunction.

D.apersuasivefunction.

41.Linguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativityhavealternativelybeenusedto

referto_____.

A.cross-culturalcommunication

B.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis

语言学

C.anthropologicallinguistics

D.ethnographyofcommunication

42.ThemostrecentadvanceinCDtechnologyusedinCALListhedevelopmentof

_____.

A.CD-ROM

B.CD-R

C.CD-I

D.HVD

43.Whatdoesmousepotatomean?

A.amousepad

B.amouseshapedlikeapotato

C.apotatoasfoodforthemouse

D.acomputeraddict

44.Whichofthefollowingformsofwritingaremorelikelytouseforegrounding?

A.Poetry.B.Diary.

C.ResearchPapers.D.Novels.

45.“_____”isoftenunderstoodasalanguagesystembetweenthetargetlanguageandthelearnersnativelanguage.

A.InputHypothesisB.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis

C.InterlanguageD.ContrastiveAnalysis

单选答案：

1-10：ADBABCCCBB

11-20：DCCACBABCD

21-30：CBABAACACC

语言学

31-40：BDADDABACC

41-45:BBDAC

II.多选题：

1.Whichofthefollowingareforegrounded?

A.The1960dreamofhighriselivingsoonturnedintoanightmare.

B.Thespeechwasmade29October1941totheboysatChurchillsoldpublic

school,Harrow.

C.Neverinthefieldofhumanconflictwassomuchowedbysomanytosofew.

D.Wehavenotjourneyedacrossthecenturies,acrosstheoceans,acrossthe

mountains,acrosstheprairies,becausewearemadeofsugarcandy.

2.Whichofthefollowingincludeametonymy?

A.Bythishourthevolcanicfiresofhisnaturehadburntdown.

B.Thekettleboils.

C.Landsbelongtothecrown.

D.Theyhaveafleetoffiftysails.

3.WhichofthefollowinglinesaremostlikelyfromthepoemsofE.E.Cummings?

A.l(a/le/af/fa/ll/s)/one/l/iness

B.amwas.areleavesfewthis.istheseaor/scratchilyoverwhichofearthdragged

once

C.ihadanunclenamed/Solwhowasabornfailureand

D.AwomanIforswore;butIwillprove,/Thoughbeingagoddess,Iforsworenot

thee:

4.Whichofthefollowinginvolvegeneralcontexteffects?

A.Youcanunderstandeverywordofabaseballcommentarybutyoudonotknow

whatitistalkingabout.

语言学

B.Youdonotunderstandasentencebutwhenyoureadthenextsentenceyoucan

knowthemeaningofthefirstone.

C.Youdonotknowwhyinaforeignmoviepeoplesayyesastheyshaketheir

heads.

D.Youdonotknowwhatatextisaboutuntilyouaregiventhetitleofthetext.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbemadeaboutsociolinguistics?

A.Ithascontributedtoafreshlookatthenatureoflanguagedevelopmentanduse.

B.Ithascontributedtothedevelopmentoftheoreticallinguistics.

C.Ithascontributedtoachangeofemphasisinthecontentoflanguageteaching.

D.Ithascontributedtoinnovationsinmaterialsandactivitiesforthelanguage

classroom.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueofacomputercorpus?

A.Itisalargebodyofmachine-readabletexts.

B.Itisacollectionoflinguisticdata.

C.Itsmainpurposeistoverifyahypothesisaboutlanguage.

D.Itdealswiththeprinciplesandpracticeofusingcorporainlanguagestudy.

7.WhichofthefollowingtermsarerelatedtoCognitiveLinguistics?

A.Wordrecognition.B.Languageacquisition.

C.Construaloperations.D.Categorization.

8.WhichofthefollowingareNOTtrueofthe“womenregister”?

A.Womenusemore“fancy”colorterms.

B.Womenusestrongerswearingwords.

C.Womenusemoreintensifiers.

D.Womenusemoredirectexpressions.

语言学

9.Whichofthefollowingincludeametaphor?

A.Hiseyescameoutofhisheadlikeaprawns.

B.Thehallwaywaszebra-stripedwithdarknessandmoonlight.

C.Thethoughtwasafireinhim.

D.Theworldisalooking-glass,andgivesbacktoeverymanthereflectionofhisownface.

10.Whichofthefollowingarewritingsofstreamofconsciousness?

A.PrideandPrejudiceB.TotheLighthouse.

C.AsILayDying.D.JaneEyre.

11.Whichofthefollowingbooktitlescontain“alliteration”?

A.VowelsandConsonants.B.GonewiththeWind.

C.SexandtheCity.D.TheWonderofWords.

多选答案：

1-5：CD，BC，ABC，AC，ACD，

6-10：ABC，CD，BD，BCD，BC，

11：BCD，

III.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).(10points,

1pointeach)

1)Dualityreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures，suchthatunits

of

theprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.

2)ArticulatoryPhoneticsstudiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds.

3)Theadjectiveisanopenclassofwords.

4)The“partsofspeech”intraditionalgrammarisoftenreferredtoas“word

class”today.

5)“Hot”and“cold”areconverseantonyms.

6)Theholophrasticstageisthematurephaseoflanguageacquisition.

语言学

7)Menusestrongercursewordsthanwomen.

8)TheRelevanceTheorywassuggestedby