西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2012年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2013年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2014年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2015年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语考研真题及详解

2011年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I.VocabularyandGrammar:MultipleChoice(30%)

Part1VocabularySelection(10%)

1．Beingbothspoiledandlazy,he_______everyoneelseforhislackof

success.

A.accused

B.charged

C.criticized

D.blamed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因为被惯坏了而且懒惰，他把自己的失败归咎于其他

人。blame意为“责备”，常与for连用。accuse意为“控告，谴责”，常与of

连用。charge意为“控诉”，常与with连用。

2．Theprisoner_______thathehadassaultedapoliceman.

A.denied

B.rejected

C.contradicted

D.refused

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那名犯人否认曾袭击警察。deny普通用词，侧重否认意

见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。contradict指肯定地否

认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见。

3．Thejurygavea________ofnotguilty.

A.sentence

B.judgment

C.charge

D.verdict

【答案】D

【解析】句意：陪审团做出了无罪的判决。verdict为法律用词，指陪审

团的裁决。sentence法律用词，指法庭的判决，根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻

重而宣判处罚。

4．Onlyhotelguestshavethe________ofusingtheprivatebeach.

A.occasion

B.possibility

C.privilege

D.allowance

【答案】C

【解析】句意：只有酒店的客人有使用这个私人沙滩的特权。privilege

特权，特别待遇。possibility可能性。allowance允许，被允许的东西(如

限额、限期等)。

5．Hewasalwaysfinding_________withhisdaughter’sfriends.

A.blame

B.error

C.mistake

D.fault

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他总是挑剔他女儿的朋友们。findfaultwithsb.找某人的

茬，责难。

6．Childrenwhoarepraisedfortheirworkarealways________on.

A.encouraged

B.approved

C.inspired

D.spurred

【答案】D

【解析】句意：工作受到表扬的孩子们通常会积极性更高。spuron鼓

励；鞭策。

7．Yourusualteacherhaslosthisvoiceand_______Iamtakinghisplace

today.

A.nevertheless

B.however

C.moreover

D.accordingly

【答案】D

【解析】句意：平常教你们的老师失声了，所以今天我来给他代课。

accordingly因此，从而。nevertheless然而，不过。moreover而且，此

外。

8．Sadly,whiletheacademicindustrythrives,thepracticeoftranslation

continuesto_______.

A.stack

B.stage

C.stagnate

D.stamp

【答案】C

【解析】句意：遗憾的是，在学术界蓬勃发展的同时，翻译实践却停滞

不前。stagnate停滞，不发展。stack堆起，摞起。stamp跺着脚走。

9．UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherest

ofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and_______,withanenormousblack

mustache.

A.neckless

B.necklace

C.reckless

D.rackless

【答案】A

【解析】句意：哈利·波特看起来和家里其他人一点也不像，弗农叔叔

与他完全不同，他身材高大，胖得看不到脖子，留着一脸黑胡子。

neckless胖得没脖子的。reckless鲁莽的。rackless没支架的。

10．Americanswhoconsiderthemselves_______inthetraditionalsensedo

notusuallyhesitatetoheapcriticismindomesticmattersoverwhatthey

believeisoppressiveorwasteful.

A.pedestrian

B.penchant

C.patriarch

D.patriotic

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在传统意义上认为自己是爱国主义者的美国人，通常会

毫不犹豫地批评他们认为是压迫或浪费的国内问题。patriotic爱国的，

有爱国心的。pedestrian步行者，行人。penchant(强烈的)倾向，趣味。

patriarch族长，元老。

Part2VocabularyReplacement(10%)

11．Althoughmanymodificationshavebeenmadeinit,thegameknownin

theUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytotheEnglishgameof

rugby.

A.rules

B.changes

C.demands

D.leagues

【答案】B

【解析】句意：虽然已经做出了许多修改，但是在美国被熟知为足球的

运动可以直接追溯到英式橄榄球比赛。modification修改，修正。league

联盟；社团。

12．BenjaminFranklinwasrememberedforhisgoodjudgment.

A.vigilance

B.guilty

C.sagacity

D.resolution

【答案】C

【解析】句意：本杰明·富兰克林因其良好的判断力而被人们铭记。

judgement审判，判断力。sagacity睿智，精确的判断。vigilance警戒，警

惕。resolution坚定，决心。

13．RainabatesinthefallthroughoutmostoftheAppalachianmountain

region.

A.pours

B.accumulates

C.lessens

D.evaporates

【答案】C

【解析】句意：阿巴拉契亚山脉的大部分地区降水会在秋天减少。

abate(风、暴风雨、声音等)减弱，减轻。lessen减少，减轻。evaporate蒸

发，挥发。

14．Justiceofthepeacehavejurisdictionoverthetrialsofsomecivilsuits

andofcriminalcasesinvolvingminoroffenses.

A.supremacy

B.authority

C.guidance

D.obedience

【答案】B

【解析】句意：治安法官对一些民事诉讼案件和涉及轻微犯罪的刑事案

件有管辖权。jurisdiction权限。havejurisdictionover对……有管辖权。

authority权威，权力。superiority优越，优势。guidance指导，领导。

obedience服众，顺从。

15．Thefeelingofcompetitionamongthestudentsinalltheclassrooms

wherethetestwasgoingonwasnoticeabletoeveryone.

A.discord

B.discovery

C.rivalry

D.cooperation

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在所有正在进行考试的教室里，每个人都能感觉到学生

之间的竞争感。rivalry竞争；对抗。discord不和；不一致。

16．Theartistspentyearsonhismonumentalpainting,whichcoveredthe

wholeroofofthechurch,thebiggestinthecountry.

A.archaic

B.sentimental

C.outstanding

D.entire

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这名艺术家花费了数年时间完成了他的伟大画作，覆盖

了这个国家最大的教堂的整个屋顶。monumental伟大而不朽的。

outstanding杰出的，依然存在的。archaic古代的，古文的。sentimental感

情的，感伤的。

17．AnthropologistBarbaraMyerhofffurtheredherreputationasan

authorityonNativeAmericanculturewithherstudyofthesymbols,myths,

andritualsoftheHuicholpeople.

A.deserved

B.retained

C.renewed

D.advanced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：人类学家芭芭拉·麦尔霍夫(BarbaraMyerhoff)通过研究

惠乔尔(Huichol)人的符号、神话和仪式，进一步提高了她作为美国本土

文化权威的声誉。further促进，推动。advance使……前进。retain保

持。

18．Heremainedcalminthefaceoftheimpendingdanger.

A.terrific

B.trivial

C.astonishing

D.imminent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他面对迫在眉睫的危险时仍然保持镇静。impending即

将发生的。imminent即将来临的；迫近的。terrific极好的；极其的。

trivial不重要的，琐碎的。

19．“Holmes!”Iwhisper.

“Whatonearthareyoudoinginthisdisgustingplace?”

A.humble

B.unpleasant

C.underprivileged

D.noisy

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“福尔摩斯！”我低声说，“你到底在这个恶心的地方干

什么？”disgusting令人厌恶的。humble谦逊的；简陋的。underprivileged

贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的。

20．Oneofthethingswehavetodotopreventapandemicistomakesure

peopleunderstandandknowwhattheycandotominimizethecommotion.

A.command

B.collusion

C.turmoil

D.tutelage

【答案】C

【解析】句意：预防流感大流行我们要做的一件事就是确保人们理解并

知道他们能做些什么来减少混乱。commotion骚动；暴乱。turmoil混

乱，骚动。collusion勾结；共谋。tutelage监护；指导。

Part3Grammar(10%)

21．ManyofthenovelsofKurtVonnegut________aremarkable

skepticismaboutthevalueoftechnologicaladvances.

A.display

B.willhavedisplayed

C.theydisplay

D.haddisplayed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：许多库尔特·冯内古特的小说显示了对于技术进步价值

的怀疑。这句话讲述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时。

22．________itsrichnessandvariedcoloring,Schubert’sSymphonyinC

hasenjoyedadeservedreputationamongclassicalmusiclovers.

A.Renowningby

B.Renownableto

C.Renownedfor

D.Renowningwith

【答案】C

【解析】句意：舒伯特的C调交响乐以其丰富多彩而闻名于世，在古典

音乐爱好者中享有盛誉。berenownedfor因……而著名。

23．The________theforestreachedtheirhighestpriceinthe1980s.

A.productsof

B.productionsby

C.producersto

D.predictabilitieswith

【答案】A

【解析】句意：树木制品在20世纪80年代达到了其最高价格。product

主要指工业产品，也可指农产品，是可数名词。production通常不表示

具体的产品，它主要指生产这一动作或过程，是不可数名词。

24．Asauniversallanguage,Esperantohasneverreallygainedwidespread

acceptance________itslackofnativespeakers.

A.because

B.asaresult

C.inorderto

D.dueto

【答案】D

【解析】句意：作为一种通用语言，世界语从未真正获得广泛接受，因

为没有以其为母语的人。横线后为名词短语，因此应该选择dueto。

25．IntheyearsfollowingtheAmericanRevolutionandpriortothe

establishmentofanationalgovernment,Washingtonprovidedthefledgling

countrywithkeeneconomicinsight,________,andastuteinternational

judgment.

A.recognitionofstabilitythatwasdomestic

B.tostabilizethedomesticsituation

C.whichwasdomesticallystable

D.asenseofdomesticstability

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在美国独立战争之后、确立国家政府之前的那几年，华

盛顿为这个新兴的国家提供了敏锐的经济洞察力来稳定国内局势，还对

国际形势做出了准确判断。

26．Throughrenownedforhisworkwiththedeaf,AlexanderGrahamBell

isbestrememberedforhisinventionofthetelephone,_______.

A.thatitwasaninventionofingenuitymadimpact

B.itwasaninventionofingenuityandimpact

C.aninventionofingenuityandimpact

D.inventioningeniouslyandimpaction

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔因其与聋人的工作而闻名

于世，但让人印象最为深刻的是他发明了电话，电话是一种十分有创造

力和影响力的发明。横线处为telephone的同位语。

27．Coca-Cola,beguninanAtlantadrugstorein1888,remainsapowerful

beveragecompany________withnumeroussmallerfoodproducers.

A.thathasmerged

B.thatmergedit

C.whichmerging

D.whosetomerge

【答案】A

【解析】句意：可口可乐于1888年在亚特兰大创立，一开始是一家药

店，其合并了无数家小型食品生产商，至今仍是一家有实力的饮料公

司。横线处为定语从句，mergewith为固定词组，意思是“合并”。

28．Battlesbetweenancientarmieswereusuallyfought_______crucial

tradingroute,fertileagriculturalfields,orimportantsourcesofwaterwere

found.

A.those

B.wherever

C.notonly

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】句意：古代军队之间的战斗通常发生在关键的贸易路线、肥沃

的农田和重要的水源所在之处。这句话的主句成分完整，因此后面的句

子应该作为状语，后面的句子表示的是地点，因此应选where引导地点

状语从句。

29．ToDarwinwe_______thathasmadetheinterrelationsoforganisms

centralinmodernnaturalhistory.

A.haveowedthechange

B.owingthechange

C.thechangedoowe

D.owethechange

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们应该将生物之间相互关系成为现代自然历史的中心

这一变化归功于达尔文。这句话的正常语序应该是“Weowethechange

that…toDarwin”。

30．Blamefortheinventionofnuclearweaponsmustfallupon________.

A.howeverconceivedtheirinventioninthefirstplace

B.wheneverconceivedtheirinventioninthefirstplace

C.whatsoeverconceivedtheirinventioninthefirstplace

D.whoeverconceivedtheirinventioninthefirstplace

【答案】D

【解析】句意：核武器的发明必须归咎于首先构思了这项发明的人。横

线处是一个宾语从句，同时引导词要在宾语从句中做主语，D项符合题

意。

II.ReadingComprehension(40%)

Passage1

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichaperson

maybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroupintheUnitedStates.

Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothof

theparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersons

maygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessof

selection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythrough

electionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,

decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereis

anycategoryof“naturalleaders.”Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonal

qualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmaybe

recognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthat

particulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshavea

singleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferent

leadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadership

isleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.

Groupmemberslooktoinstrumental“getthingsdone.”Expressive

leadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollective

well-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersareless

concernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotional

supporttomembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamong

them.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstable

relationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoother

groupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswho

inhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamore

personalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathy

whensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequick

tolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthat

threatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferenceinthesetworolessuggest,

expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroup

members;industrialleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,

mayenjoymoredistantrespect.

1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.HowleadershipdiffersinSmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

2．Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecan

becomeleadersEXCEPT

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

3．Inmentioning“naturalleaders”,theauthorismakingthepointthat

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”.

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofagroup.

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics

4．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfrom

paragraph2?

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbean

effectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudying.

D.Mostpeoplebeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheir

qualifications.

5．Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationships

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers

C.identifyingnewleaders

D.achievingagoal

【答案与解析】

1．D本文第一段和第二段讲了一个团体中领导的产生，第三段和第四

段着重阐述了领导的角色，即功用型领导和亲和型领导。因此正确选项

为D。

2．C文中第一段提到“traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadership…”，

说明traditionalculturalpatterns是人们成为领导的一种方式。后面“leaders

areusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.”说明formal

electionprocess和recruitment是人们成为领导的方式，因此，ABD三个选

项都在原文中被提及了，正确选项为C。

3．B文中“…decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidence

thatthereisanycategoryof‘naturalleaders.’”这句话的意思是说，数十年

的研究却没有揭示出存在任何一类“天然领导者”的可靠证据。因此正确

选项为B。

4．A第二段中“Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatall

leadershaveincommon”意思是说，并不存在所有的领导者并不共有所有

个人品质，即某一群体的好领导不一定是另一个群体的好领导。

5．D倒数第二段中“Instrumentalleadership…completionoftasksbya

socialgroup.”，即功用型领导是强调完成某社会群体任务。最后一段

中“They…maydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthe

group’sgoals.”，他们会约束那些妨碍群体目标达成的成员。因此可以得

出功用型的领导主要关注目标的达成。

Passage2

Forthegenerationthatgrewupduringthefeministrevolutionandtherapid

socialchangeofthe1960sand1970s,itatfirstseemedachievementenough

justto"makeit"inaman’sworld.Butcoupledwiththeirambition,today’s

womanhavedevelopedafiercedeterminationtofindnewoptionsbeingboth

parentandprofessionalwithoutsacrificingtoomuchtoeitherroleorburning

themselvesoutbeyondredemption.

Womenhavedonealloftheaccommodatingintermsoftime,energyand

personalsacrificethatishumanlypossible,andstilltheyhavenotreached

trueintegrationintheworkplace.Foracomplicatedsetofreasons—many

beyondtheircontrol—theyfeelconflictbetweentheircareersandtheir

children.Allbutararefewquicklydispelthemyththatsuperwomanever

existed.

Formanywomen,professionandfamilyarepittedagainstoneanotherona

high-stakescollisioncourse.Women’svaluesarestackedagainstthe

traditionsoftheirprofessions.Inthehome,menandwomenstruggleto

figureouthowdual-careermarriagesshouldwork.Roleconflictforwomen

reachesfarbeyondthefundamentalwork/familydilemmatoencompassa

wholeconstellationoffiercelycompetingpriorities.Womentodayfind

themselvesinanintensebattlewithasocietythatcannotletgoofanarrowly

definedworkethicthatissupportedbyafamilystructurethathasnotexisted

fordecades.Theunspokenassumptionpersiststhatthereisstillawomanat

hometoraisethechildrenandmanagethehousehold.Buttheeconomic

realityisthatmostpeople,whetherintwo-parentorsingle-parentfamilies,

needtoworkthroughouttheiradultlives.Asaconsequence,themajorityof

today’smothersareinthelabormarket.

Thefirstfull-fledgedgenerationofwomenintheprofessionsdidnottalk

abouttheiroverbookedagendaorthetollittookonthemandtheirfamilies.

Theyknewthattheirpositionintheofficewasshakyatbest.Withvirtually

nochoiceinthematter,theyboughtintothetraditionalnotionofsuccessin

theworkplace—usuallyattainedatthehighcostofgivingupaninvolved

familylife.Iftheysufferedself-doubtorfrustrationabouthowhollow

professionalsuccessfeltwithoutcomplementaryrewardsfromthehome,

theyblamedthemselves—eitherforexpectingtoomuchorfordoingtoo

little.Andtheyaskedthemselvesquestionsthatheldnoeasyanswers:AmI

expectingtoomuch?Isitme?AmIaloneinthisdilemma?Dootherwomen

trulyhaveitall?

Untilnow,thishasbeenaprivatedilemma,unshared,aseachwomanwas

lefttoforgeherownuniquesolutiontomergingherdualloyaltiestowork

andfamily.Toooftenshefeltthatshealonehadfailedtoachievea

comfortablebalancebetweenthetwo.

6．Accordingtothepassage,today’swomen_______.

A.wanttoachieveabalancebetweenherloyaltiestoworkandfamily

B.arestrongeradvocatesofgenderequalitythantheoldergeneration

C.donotwanttosacrificeanythingatallforthedesiredliberation.

D.aregettingnonearertoachievetheirambition

7．Themythheldbysome“superwomen”isthattheycan_______.

A.reconciletheircareerswithparentalresponsibilities

B.devotethemselvestotheircareerwithoutregardfortheirchildren

C.resistthetemptationoftheirambitiontomakegreatachievements

D.resolvetheconflictsbetweentheircareersandchildrenwithoutany

sacrifice

8．Inwhatwaydowomentodayfindthemselvesinanintensebattlewiththe

society?

A.Thesocietyregardswomenaslessabletoperformsocialtasks.

B.Womendotoomuchabouttheircareerandtoolittleabouttheirfamilies.

C.Thesocietystillholdsthetraditionalimageaboutafamily.

D.Womennolongerregardthefamilyasabasicunitofthesociety.

9．Whenwomenfailtoachieveabalancebetweenworkandchildren,they

A.letthingsgotheirowncourses

B.admitthattheyarenotsuperwomen

C.usuallychoosetogiveupwork

D.oftenblamethemselvesforit

10．Theauthor’sattitudetowardswomen’sdilemmaseemstobeoneof

________.

A.suspicious

B.indifference

C.irony

D.sympathy

【答案与解析】

6．A作者在第一段里指出，如今的女性想要“findnewoptionsbeing

bothparentandprofessionalwithoutsacrificingtoomuchtoeitherroleor

burningthemselvesoutbeyondredemption.”，由此可见她们想要兼顾家庭

和职业。

7．D由第二段中“theyfeelconflictbetweentheircareersandtheir

children”可知，这里的超级女性指能够真正解决事业与家庭之间冲突的

女性。

8．C作者在第三段里指出，如今的女性是在一个奉行狭隘的职业道德

的社会里拼搏，这种职业道德“issupportedbyafamilystructurethathas

notexistedfordecades”。

9．D第四段提到“Iftheysufferedself-doubtorfrustrationabout…,they

blamedthemselves”，即如果她们自我怀疑或因职业虽成功却不能照顾到

家庭而有挫败感时，她们就责备自己。

10．D本文叙述了现代女性想要兼顾家庭和事业，对此作者持同情的态

度。

Passage3

Whenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallour

lives,youcannotoverlookHenryFord.Ahistorianacenturyfromnowmight

wellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing,

everywhere,eventothisday,byintroducinganewwaytomakecarsone,

strangetosay,thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses.

Backintheearly1900’s,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda

“disassemblyline”.Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedup

productionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthan

haveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofitselementswas

placedonaconveyer,andeachworker,asitpassed,addedanother

componenttoit,thestoneoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshellofthe

UniversityofDelaware,anexpertonindustrialdevelopment,tellswhat

happened.

“Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedone

assemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday,ontheline,theassembleteam

averagedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.”

Withinayear,thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913,Fordwent

alltheway,Hookedtogetherbyropes,partiallyassembledvehicleswere

towed(拖，拉)pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.It

hasn’tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear,

areremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthis

newsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf,to$260,puttingthem

withinreachofallthosewho,upuntilthattime,couldnotaffordthem.Soon,

automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.Infact,heencouragedthemtodoso

bywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations,entitledTodayandTomorrow.

TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today,aidedbyrobotsandother

formsofautomation,everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeon

assemblylines.

11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?

A.Heintroducedanewwayofproduction.

B.Heinfluencedallmanufacturing.

C.Heinspiredotherautomakers.

D.Hechangedahistorian’smind.

12．Thewritermentions”slaughterhouses”becausetheyweretheplaces

where

A.Ford’sassemblylineoriginated

B.Fordmadehisfirstcar

C.Fordreadjustedtheassemblyline

D.Fordinnovatedthedisassemblyline

13．Amagnetoisatechnicaltermfor

A.anautomobile

B.aproductionline

C.apartofanautomobileengine

D.adisassemblyline

14．Thephrase“turningout”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby

A.“producing”

B.“selling”

C.“buying”

D.“fixing”

15．TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFord

A.tocreatemorejobsfortheunemployed

B.towriteabookonhistory

C.toreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260

D.tocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%

【答案与解析】

11．D第一段中“Ahistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconclude

that…”，这里只是说历史学家可能会得出什么样的结论，并没有说其想

法被福特所改变。

12．A第一段中说到“anewwaytomakecarsone…thatoriginatedin

slaughterhouses.”。第二段提到，屠宰场用的是拆卸线，福特将这一过程

颠倒过来，改成了装配线。由此可见福特的装配线发源于屠宰场。

13．C由第二段中“itwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobile

enginecalledamagneto”可知，magneto是汽车发动机的一部分。

14．A“turningout”前说到的是汽车的装配，因此其意思是“生产”。

15．C由最后一段中“Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystem

thathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf,to$260”可知，装配线使福特将汽车

的价格降低到260美元。

Passage4

ThecauseofAlzheimer’sdiseaseisunknown,butvariousstudiessuggest

thatitsriskfactorsextendbeyondgenetics.Somestudieshaveassociatedthe

diseasewithalackofphysicalactivity.OthershavelinkedAlzheimer’s

diseasetoalackofstimulatingbrainwork—fittingause-it-or-lose-itsituation

ofcognitivedecline.

Anewstudysupportstheviewthatbothkindsofinactivityposerisks.People

whohavethememoryloss,confusion,anddisorientationofAlzheimer’s

diseaseinoldageweregenerallylessactivephysicallyandintellectually

betweentheagesof20and60thanwerepeoplewhodon’thavethedisease,

accordingtostudycoauthorRobertP.Friedland,aneurologistatCase

WesternReserveUniversitySchoolofMedicineinCleveland,andhis

colleagues.

Afterestablishinganaverageoverallactivitylevelforallthestudy’s

participants,theresearchersdiscoveredthattheAlzheimer’spatientswere

nearlyfourtimesaslikelyasthepeoplewithoutAlzheimer’stofailbelow

thataverage.Inparticular,thenon-Alzheimer’svolunteershaddevotedmore

timeonaveragebetweenages40and60tointellectualactivitiesandlessto

passiveonesthanhadthosewhodevelopedthedisease.Theonlysingle

activityinwhichAlzheimer’spatientsonaveragesignificantlyoutperformed

theircounterpartswaswatchingtelevision,Friedlandsays.

Whilecertaingeneticfactorsseemtoinfluencethebraindeterioration

associatedwithAlzheimer’s,thesedon’taccountforallcasesofthedisease.

Indeed,studiesofgeneticallysimilarpeoplelivinginseparatecountriesshow

divergentratesofAlzheimerdisease.

Thenewstudyaccountedfordifferencesineducationandincomebutnot

occupation.Itdoesn’tpointtoacauseofAlzheimer’sorevenpredictwho

mightdevelopthedisease,butitdoesreinforcethevalueofremaining

physicallyandmentallyactive,Friedlmadsays.Fromanevolutionary

standpoint,peoplearestillphysicallydesignedtobeactivehuntersand

gatherers.“Beingacouchpotato,”hesays,“isnotournaturalstate.”

Intellectualstimulationmayworkthesameway,hesays.Studiesindicate

thatahighereducationallevelmakesapersonlesslikelytodevelop

Alzheimer’sdisease.Someresearcherssuggestthatchallengingthebrain

buildsreservesoffunctionalbraintissuethatprotectpeopleagainstthe

disease.

“Thisisaveryintriguingstudy”builton“extremelyrigorous”data

collection,saysMaryS.Mittelman,ascientistatNewYorkUniversity

SchoolofMedicine.However,shewonderswhysomepeopleareactive

duringtheirmiddleyearswhileothersaren’t.Coulditbethatasedentary

lifestylereallycontributestothedevelopmentofAlzheimer’s,ordoesthe

illnessbeginearlyinlifeandsubtlysteerapersontowardsuchalifestyle?“It

couldbeacombinationofboth,”Friedlandsays.

16．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat_______.

A.Alzheimer’sdiseasehasnothingtodowithgenetictransmission

B.intellectualworkmayreducetheriskofgettingAlzheimer’sdisease

C.aninactivechildismorelikelytogetAlzheimer’sdiseasethananactive

one

D.alackofphysicalexercisehasbeenprovedtobeacauseofAlzheimer’s

disease

17．Alzheimer’spatients’watchingtelevisionismentionedtosuggestthat

_______.

A.watchingtelevisionmaydogreatharmtoone’shealth

B.thereisacontroversyoverwhetherAlzheimer’spatientsshouldwatchTV

C.oneintellectualactivityAlzheimer’spatientsdidmoreiswatching

television

D.passiveactivitiessuchaswatchingTVmayleadtoAlzheimer’sdisease

18．Accordingtothestudy,Alzheimer’sdiseasemayhavesomethingtodo

withpeople’s_______.

A.profession

B.livingenvironment

C.salary

D.nationality

19．Theword“sedentary”(Para.7)means_______.

A.involvingmuchsitting

B.showingphysicalfatigue

C.involvingmuchstanding

D.showingmentaltiredness

20．TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldFriedlandmostlikely

agree?

A.EducationaldifferenceisacauseofAlzheimer’sdisease.

B.Peopleshouldparticipateactivelyinhuntingandgathering.

C.People’slifestylemayleadtoAlzheimer’sdiseaseandviceversa.

D.IntellectualworkmaywardoffAlzheimer’sdiseasebetterthanphysical

work.

【答案与解析】

16．B由第一段“OthershavelinkedAlzheimer’sdiseasetoalackof

stimulatingbrainwork”可知，有人认为阿兹海默症与缺乏脑力活动有

关。

17．D第三段最后作者提到，阿兹海默症患者比其他人多做的唯一一

件事情就是“watchingtelevision”，由此可见看电视这样的惰性活动可能

导致阿兹海默症。

18．C倒数第三段说到新的研究“accountedfordifferencesineducation

andincomebutnotoccupation.”，由此可见阿兹海默症可能与人们的收入

有关。

19．A前文说到，这名科学家想知道为什么有些人在中年时很活跃，

而另一些人却没有，后文便据此提出了问题，由此可见这种生活方式

是“久坐的生活方式”。

20．C最后一段提出了问题：是久坐的生活方式导致了阿兹海默症，还

是早期得了这种病，其潜移默化地引导人们走向这种生活方式？

Friedland的回答是“Itcouldbeacombinationofboth”，即二者可能相互影

响，互为因果。

III.Writing(30%)

Inanunusuallyfrankassessment,atopChineseplanningofficialwarnedthat

thegapbetweentherichandthepoorinChinaisrapidlywidening,Writean

essayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:

TheGapbetweentheRichandthePoor

Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement,and

inthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriate

detailsorexamples.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittento

anaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarand

appropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinaloss

ofmarks.

【参考范文】

TheGapbetweentheRichandthePoor

Sincetheimplementationofthereformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahas

maderemarkableachievements.Astheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy,

Chinahasmaintainedasustainedandrapiddevelopment.However,underthe

rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomy,Chinaisstillfacedwithafundamental

problem,whichi