人教版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元检测

高二年级英语练案编号：2选择性必修三第一部分基础知识1．Thegovernmenthaspledgedtocleanupindustrialcarbon________.（排放）2．Weallneedtolookforwaystoreduceourcarbon________(足迹).3．Thelivingconditionsthereseverely_______(限制）thechildren’sfreedomtoplay.4．Inthefoggymorning,theenemy__________theworkersfromtheawesomequarry.(释放)5．Engineerscarriedoutathorough___________________ofthewaterpump.(检查)6．She___________________goodnewsto(向……传播这个好消息)allherfriends.7．_______________thegoodchance,oryouwillregretit.(抓住)8．Thetransportsystemcan’tcopewiththe_______________ofpassengers.(容量)9．Lastweektheoperation____________hiseyesight.(恢复视力)10．Thecompanywas_____________£20,000forgettinginvolvedinillegaltrade.(罚款)11．Heisn’tasilentboy.Onthecontrary,he_______________(频繁)asksquestionsabouttheInternet.12．Themassiveincreaseinspendingfailedto___________(维持)hislifewhenhebecameseriouslyill.13．Theconcertwillbe__________livetomorrowevening.（广播）14．Anyhow,youcouldn’tletthecompanyavoid_________lossesofmillionsofdollars.（承受）15．Shethoughtshecould__________him.(使…洗心革面)阅读理解APlasticpollutionhaslongbeenaproblem,butnowit’sgottentoanewheight-literally.Microplastics,referringtoplasticfragmentsandparticleslessthan5millimetersindiameter,havebeenfoundonMountQomolangmaashighas8,440metersabovesealevel,just408.86metersbelowthepeakofthemountain,accordingtoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalOneEarth.“Thesearethehighestmicroplastics(ever)discoveredsofar;”leadauthorImogenNapperfromtheUniversityofPlymouth,UK,saidinastatement.Scientistscollectedsnowandwatersamplesfrom19differentlocationsfrom4,200metersabovesealevelallthewayuptothesummitofMountQomolangma.Theyfoundmicroplasticsinallthewatersamplesandpartofthesnowsamples.ThemostpollutedsampleswasfromtheBaseCampinNepal,wheremosthumanactivityonthemountainisconcentrated.Ithad79particlesofmicroplasticsperliterofsnow.TheharshfactisthatplasticpollutionhasreachedeventhemostremoteplacesonEarth.Researchersevenfoundaplasticbagatthedeepestpointintheworld’soceans-intheMarianaTrench,locatedinthePacificOcean.Thebagisthesameastheonescommonlyusedingrocerystores.Evencoveredinice,theArcticisstillavictimofplasticpollution.A2020reportpublishedinNaturesuggeststhatthereare2,000to17,000plasticparticlespercubicmeterinAreticicecores,andbetween0to18microplasticparticlespercubicmeterfromthewaterbeneathicefloes.ExpatsthinkmicroplasticsmaybetransportedbyairandthenreachtheNorthPoleinsnowfall.“Whatwedon’tyetfullyknowisthepotentialproblemsthesetinypiecesofplasticcouldbehavingtoecosystems,toorganismsandeventoourownhealthaswell,”saidChristianDunnofBangorUniversity,UK.Thenwhatcanwedo?“Weneedtostartfocusingondeepertechnologicalsolutionsthatfocusonmicroplastics,likechangingfabric(织物)designandincorporatingnaturalfibersinsteadofplasticwhenpossible,”Nappersaid.1．Whydoesthewritersayplasticpollutionhasgottoanewheight?A．Theglobalplasticpollutionproblemcanneverbyanyworse.B．Theconsumptionofplasticproductshaspeakedatanincrediblelevel.C．Asignificantbreakthroughhasbeenmadeintheresearchonplasticpollution.D．Microplasticsarefoundabout400metersbelowthepeakofthehighestmountain.2．Theresearcherscarriedourtheirresearchmainlyby________.A．documentingthehumanactivitiesintheBaseCampinNepalB．interviewingscientistsfromfamousuniversitiesallovertheworldC．testingthesnowandwatersamplescollectedfromdifferentplacesD．comparingtheplasticsfoundinremoteareaswiththoseindailylife3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?A．Humanactivitiesspeedupthespreadofplasticpollution.B．Theimpactofmicroplasticsonecosystemsisquiteobvious.C．Microplasticsareavailableintheair,water,snowandearth.D．Usingnaturalmaterialsisoneofthewaystoreduceplasticpollution.BTounderstandtheeffectoficemelting(融化)aroundtheworldwefirsthavetounderstandwhatanicesheetactuallyis.Covering5.4millionsquaremilesinAntarctica(南极洲)and656,000squaremilesinGreenland,anicesheetisactuallyahugelandoficefromtheIceAge.Thesesheetsforminareaswheresnowthatfallsinwinterdoesnotmeltentirelyoverthesummer.Thisice,hometodifferentspeciesofanimals,isnowmeltingataratethatcannotsupportthelifeitcurrentlyholds.Manyofthesecreaturesrelyonicesheetsaslandforresting,huntingandprotection,yetasthesizedecreases,theyareforcedoutoftheirhomelandinsearchofotherlandonwhichtolive.Oftenthismeansjourneystosearchforfoodandanimbalancedecosystemhappenswhendifferentspeciesareforcedtogetherontothecoast.Sincethe1990s,thedeerpopulationhasdroppedby56percent—climatechangehascausedwarmertemperaturesoverwintersettingoffrainfallinsteadofsnow,whichfreezesmorequicklyunderfootandmakesithardertowalkandsearchforfood.Inthesummer,frozenlayersoflandmeltsandreleasestrappeddiseaseswhichbringdeathtoanimals.Asimilarsituationhasfallenonthepolarbearswhosuffereda40percentpopulationlossbetween2001—2010.Quiteapartfromtheseproblems,thethreatofsealevelsrisingiftheicecapsweretodisappearisapproaching.IftheGreenlandIceSheetmelted,thesealevelwouldrisearoundsixmeters,andiftheAntarcticIceSheetmelted,sealevelswouldrisebyaround20feet.Asamatteroffact,sealevelshaverisenabouteightinchessince1880,threeofwhichwe’vegainedoverthelast25years.Thisseeminglysmallamounthasalreadycauseddangerousflooding,lossoffarmlandandmoredeadlystorms.Whilewe’restillalongwayfromlosingtheicesheetsalltogether,we’vealreadylosttoomuchandifwedon’ttakeclimatechangeseriouslynow,wewillcertainlyhitthepointofnoreturn.4．Whatisanicesheetaccordingtothepassage?A．Itisanareawhereicenevermeltsinsummer.B．ItisalandoficethatcoversallGreenland.C．Itisalargeareaoficethatexistsforcenturies.D．Itisaniceworldforanimalstoliveon.5．Howdoesthemeltingoficesheetsaffectanimals?A．Itmakesiteasiertotraveltootherland.B．Itincreasesthepopulationofseaanimals.C．Itmakestheirsurroundingsmorecomfortable.D．Itcauseshungerandillnessamonganimals.6．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．IcesheetwillsoondisappearfromtheEarth.B．Sealevelsarerisingfasterinrecentyears.C．Greenlandwillbethefirsttoloseallitsice.D．Allnaturaldisastershappenduetosealevelrise.7．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．EffectofMeltingIceSheets B．Ice,SeaandAnimalsC．GreenlandandAntarctica D．ChangesofSeaLevelsCThisfall,studentsattheUniversityofMassachusettsfoundanewmenuattheirdiningcommons:the“dietforacoolerplanet”menu.Thismeantherb-roastedlamb,raisedwithacarbon-friendlyapproach.Itincludedsweetpotatoesthathadbeenpickedfromalocalfarm’sfieldpost-harvest.Theoptionswereplant-heavy,locallygrown,andinvolvedlittletonopackaging.“Wewantedtoletstudentsparticipateinclimateactionbymakingchoicesabouttheirfood,”saysKathyWicks,sustainabilitydirectorforUMassDining.Theuniversityisnotaloneinthiseffort.Increasingly,Americanconsumersandinstitutionsarethinkingabouthowtheirfoodchoicesfactorintoclimatechange.Formany,smallchoicesatthegrocerystore,dininghall,andrestaurantcanfeelmoreaccessiblethanbig-ticketoptionslikebuyingafuel-efficientcarorinstallinghomesolarpanels.Smallchangesindietaryhabitsmaymakeabigdifference.Climateactivistsoftentargetfossilfuelsandtransportationsystems,butstudiespointtothefoodsystemasasignificantcontributortoglobalwarming.AccordingtoProjectDrawdown,aresearchorganizationthatevaluatesclimatesolutions,thewayfoodisgrown,transported,andconsumedaccountsforaboutaquarteroftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions.Beefisaregulartarget.“If,onaverage,Americanscutaquarterpoundofbeefperweekfromtheirdiet,it’sliketaking10millioncarsofftheroadayear,”saysSujathaBergen,directorofhealthcampaignsfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.Foodwasteranksthirdamongclimatesolutions.Whilemuchwasteoccursbeforeconsumersareinvolved-foodleftonthefieldor“chucked”becauseitdoesnotfitappearancestandards,Americansalsothrowoutalotoffoodtheyhavepurchased:about$1,600worthayearperfamilyoffour.“Peoplearebeginningtounderstandthattheirfoodchoicesmakeabigimpactonclimate,”saysMeganLarmer,directorofregionalfoodattheGlynwoodCenterforRegionalFoodandFarminginNewYork.But,shecautionssubstantialchangewillneedtocomefromthewholefoodsystem.8．WhatisthepurposeofthenewmenuattheUniversityofMassachusetts?A．Tomarketthecolddishes.B．Toreducethecostofpackaging.C．Topopularizetheplant-heavydiet.D．Topromotelowcarbonawareness.9．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Foodisadecisivefactorforclimatechange.B．Foodchoicesmattermuchtoglobalwarming.C．Universitiesareworkingtogetherinclimateaction.D．Fuel-efficientcarsarenotaffordableforconsumers.10．WhatdoesSujathaBergensayaboutbeef?A．Ithasgreatinfluenceoncarbonreduction.B．Itispopularamongmillionsofcardrivers.C．Ithasacloserelationshipwithgasemission.D．ItplaysasignificantroleinAmerican’sdiet.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．FoodSystemReform:ASuccessfulTrialB．GlobalWarming:AnApproachingDangerC．CarbonEmission:AKiller,orHealer?D．LowCarbonDiet:ACraze,orMore?根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropical(亚热带的)wildernessinthecountry.12．Itisalsothethirdlargestnationalparkinthelowerforty-eightstates,afterDeathValleyandYellowstone.Eachyear,morethanonemillionpeoplevisittheEverglades.13．Theexpansivewetlandsstretchacrossmorethansixhundredthousandhectares.ItisaplacewhereplantsandanimalsfromtheCaribbeanSeashareanecosystemwithnativeNorthAmericanspecies.Unlikemostothernationalparks,EvergladesNationalParkwascreatedtoprotectanecosystemfromdamage.TheEvergladesishometoaboutfifteenspeciesthatfederalofficialssayarethreatenedandendangered.14．.Inaddition,morethanthreehundredfiftybirdspeciesandthreehundredspeciesoffreshandsaltwaterfishlivewithinthepark.TheEvergladesisalsohometofortyspeciesofmammalsandfiftyreptilespecies.15．Theyincludewhatissaidtobethelargestgrowthofmangrovetreesinthewesternworld.Gumbo-limbotrees,knownfortheirpeelingredskin,stranglerfigsandroyalpalmsarealsoamongthearea'splantlife.Thecountry'slargestlivingmahoganytreealsolivesintheEverglades.Inrecentyears,environmentalexpertshavelearnedaboutthedamagetotheEverglades.Theysaythebalanceofnaturetherehasbeendestroyed.16．However,effortstoprotecttheareaarecontinuingsopeoplefromallovertheworldmaycontinuevisitingthisbiologicaltreasure.A．ThefutureoftheEvergladesisnotclear.B．VisitorstotheEvergladeswillseemanyexoticplants.C．Theparkishometoseveralrareandendangeredspecies.D．ExpertsbelievethattheEvergladeshasaverybrightfuture.E.Theparkisverybeautifulandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.F.TheyincludetheFloridapanther,theAmericancrocodileandtheWestIndianmanatee.G.TheEvergladesisconsideredoneofthegreatbiologicalwondersoftheworld.第三部分语言运用（共两节;满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A，B，C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworldgenerates1.3billionionsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billionby2025.Thedevelopedcountriesare1for44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.Traditionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenointerestin2thelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenue(营收)theywouldgetfromsellingnewgoods.3,moreandmorebusinessesarethinkingabouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisis4drivenbytherisingpriceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Also,bothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmoreawareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironmentisanotherforcethatcontributes.Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmoreconsumersarelookingintosustainability,whichis5justpriceandperformancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld'sleadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasingcareaboutenvironmentallifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersintheU.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareabout6energyuseandreducingwaste.7,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompaniesarestartingtorealizethatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyontheconsumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhen8somethingseemsliketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronicsindustrieshavelaunched9programs,Theywantiomaketheircustomersinterestedin10theirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhavevaluefromgoingtothelandfill.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevityoftheirproducts,they'repromisingqualityand11toconsumers,andreceivingthe12gainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.Enormousopportunitiesalso13e-waste.Itisestimatedthatin2014theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discardedelectricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEuropeaccountingfor8and12millionmetrictons14.Thematerialsfrome-wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,andaluminum-materialsthatcouldbereused,resold,recovered,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsisestimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsunghaveprovidede-waste15programsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimtorefurbish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.1．A．forgivable B．accountable C．tolerable D．remarkable2．A．altering B．lengthening C．obeying D．upsetting3．A．Therefore B．Somehow C．Yet D．Otherwise4．A．partly B．barely C．precisely D．exclusively5．A．bridgedwithB．subjectedto C．opposedto D．associatedwith6．A．minimizing B．maintaining C．stimulating D．deserting7．A．OnthecontraryB．Aboveall C．Forexample D．Inmostcases8