初升高衔接英语动词的时态及语态讲义

初升高衔接—动词的时态及被动语态一动词时态英语中有16种时态，其中中考常考的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。语态时态主动被动一般现在时dodoesam

/is

/are

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done一般过去时didwas

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were

+done一般将来时will

/shall+

dowill

be

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done现在完成时have

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donehave

/has

been

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done现在进行时am

/is

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are

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doingam

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being

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done过去进行时was

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doingwas

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being

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done二时态及语态详解（一）一般现在时1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作。Theoldmangoestoparkeverymorning.这位老人每天早上都去公园。2.表示现在的能力、爱好、习惯等。Helikeslisteningtopopmusic.他爱听流行乐。3．表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。4．表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。Thetrainstartsatseveninthemorning.火车早上七点出发。5．在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。I’llgowithyou,ifyouarefreetomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are(not)+doneFootballisplayedwidelyallovertheworld.全世界都广泛地踢足球。（二）一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。Imethimyesterday.昨天我遇见了他。2．一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。Hewroteanovel.他写了一部小说。Ididn’texpectyouwerewaitingforus.我没预料到你正在等我们。一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+doneThebankwasrobbedyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。（三）一般将来时1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.明年我就十八岁了。Hewillnotgototheairporttomeetherthisafternoon.今天下午他不去机场接她。一般将来时的其它表示形式（1）一般现在时表将来①按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。Theplanetakesoffat3:00P.m.飞机于下午三点起飞。②在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。Ifyouleavetomorrow,I’llseeyouattheairport.如果你明天走，我到机场送你。（2）现在进行时表将来现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go,e,leave,start,begin，stay，takeoff，arrive等，或者也称为位移性动词，其进行时表示马上要做某事。Heisleavingschoolinoneyear’stime.他一年后就要毕业了。（3）beabouttodo.结构表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事，正要做某事”，强调动作即将发生（不跟表将来的时间状语连用）。Theywereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.他们正要离开时响了。（4）begoingto常用于口语中，表示“计划，打算做某事”，此外，begoingto可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行判断。Lookatthoseclouds.It’sgoingtorain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。一般将来时的被动语态：主语+willbedoneThemeetingwillbeheldinL.A.会议将在洛杉矶举行。（四）现在完成时1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。Ihaveknownhimforthreeyears.我认识他三年了。Hehaslivedheresince1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。【注意】（1）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：过去完成时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的表过去的时间状语连用。Isawthisfilmyesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.我看过这部电影。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）（2）在This/That/Itisthefirst/second/third/..timethat..句型里，从句要用现在完成时。ThisisthesecondtimethattheproductsofourpanyhavebeenshownintheInternationalExhibition.这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。（3）句型Itis/hasbeen...since..所使用的两种时态都正确。Itis/hasbeen10yearssinceIlastsawhim.从我上次见到他以来已经有10年了。现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have

/has

been

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doneTheplasticlunchboxeshavebeenusedsincethen.塑料饭盒从那时起就一直被使用。（五）现在进行时1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。Listen,someoneiscrying.听，有人在哭。有时，现在进行时也与always等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。Heisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.他总是问同一个问题。（厌烦）动词go,e,leave,arrive,start,begin,end等词可用现在进行时表将来。TheyareleavingforShanghai.他们将动身去上海。表示状态的动词be,have等；表示认识，知觉和情感的动词know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等一般不用于进行时。Doyouknowwhereheis?你知道他在哪儿吗？现在进行时的被动语态主语+am

/is

/are

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being

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doneHundredsofinvitationsarebeingsentoutthisweek.本周数百张的请帖正在发出。（六）过去进行时1.表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。如果when,while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。Iwaswashingmyhairwhenyouknockedatthedoor.你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。过去进行时的被动语态主语+was

/were

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being

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doneWewereassuredthateverythingpossiblewasbeingdone.我们确信是在尽一切努力。（七）常见的时态状语标志词时态常见时间状语一般式一般现在时always;sometimes;often;usually;seldom...一般过去时yesterday;ago;justnow;lastweek；atthattime;in+年份…一般将来时tomorrow;nextweek;soon;later;thedayaftertomorrow;fromnowon...进行式现在进行时look,listen等放句首;now;atthemoment...过去进行时atthattime;atthatmoment;attenyesterday...完成式现在完成时since;sofar;ever;never;just;yet;already;recently;lately;untilnow;uptonow;overthepastfewyears;inthelastfewdays...练习题一单句语法填空Heoften_________(read)thewordsinthemorning.Thepicture______(look)nice.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_______(not,rain)tomorrow.Tea_____(be)populararoundtheworld.Ifit_______(be)finetomorrow,we’llvisittheGreatWall.IfI________________(give)anotherchance,I'lldoitmuchbetter.Itwillbetwodaysbeforethedecision______________(make).We_________(stay)athomeplayingcardsthedaybeforeyesterday.He________(win)theNobelPeacePrizein1993.I_________(think)hewasanhonestmantwoyearsago.Afire___________(break)outduringthenightyesterday.She________(write)manyplayswhenshewasatcollege.Tom________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.Ilistenedbut________(hear)nothingyesterday.I_________(eat)abigpizzayesterday.He__________(choose)toworkforthevillagelastyear.Alotoftrees___________(plant)onthehillyesterday.Thebook_____________(write)byhimin1998.Alecture______________(hold)inourschoollastweek.Anewschool_____________(build)inourhometownlastyear.Apoliceman____________(see)toentertheclassroomjustnow.Whatareyou(go)todonextweek?Thenewfilm(show)nextThursday.Ifheacceptsthejob,he(get)moremoneysoon.Ifyouspeakinclass,you(punish).She(give)agoldmedalsoon.Inafewyears’time,thosemountains(cover)withtrees.Whatareyou_________(do)now?I___________(eat)bread.__________he__________(clean)theclassroom?No,heisn’t.He____________(play).They____________(wait)forataxioutsidetheschoolgate.Nobodyisintheclassroombecausethestudents_______________(interview)ontheplaygroundabouttheschoollife.Anewlibrary________(build)inourschoolnowandwillopennextyear.Abirthdaycard________(write)byTomatpresent.Thelittlebabies________(take)careofbythisnurserightnow.I___________(wash)myclothesatthistimeyesterday.We_________(talk)aboutthenewsthewholemorning.Jackfellfromthebikewhenhe_____________(ride).Nowwecancrossthebridgewhich_______(build)thistimelastmonth.Myclock_______________(repair)bymewhensheknockedatthedoor.Greatchanges__________(take)placeovertheyears.SofarI_____________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.

I_____________already______________(see)thefilm.I______________(see)itlastweek.

They____________(wait)formorethantwohours.Myhometown_____________(bee)moreandmorebeautifulinthepast5years.Sofar,manysportsmeeting___________(hold)byourschool.Manyforeignfilms_____________(show)onTVsincelastmonth.Alargeamountofwater_____________(save)bythissystemsofar.Manyhouses______________(build)inthisareainthepast10years.IborrowedthebooklastSundayandI_____________(keep)itforaweek.Mybrother____________(teach)puterscienceinauniversityinCanadainthelast20years.二单句改错Myfamilyalwaysfullofhappiness.Hedoesn’tlikeseatingvegetablesandfruits.Heoftenstudyhardandhelpsmewithmystudy.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocryjustnow.IfeelsohappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.Wesitaroundthecakeyesterday.Heteachesinthisschoolin1958.Theputerswasnotboughtlastweek.Shebuysmanybooksyesterday.Ithoughtyouwasill.HewillisatschoolnextMonday.Heisgoingtodoeshishomeworkafterschool.Theseanimalsarebeinghuntingatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearsoon.Treesarebeingplantedbythematthattimeyesterday.SheplaysthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.Someboysareplaybasketballoverthere.Let’sgoandjointhem.Ihavetogoworkbytaxibecausemycarisbeingrepairatthegarage.答案一语填reads2.looks3.doesn’train4.is5.is6.amgiven7.ismade8.stayed9.won10.thought11.broke12.wrote13.began14.heard15.ate16.wasc