2018-2022年高考英语真题分类训练-阅读理解之人物介绍

04人物介绍

Passagel（2022年全国甲卷之C篇）

主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇

人物介绍事例阐述322travel

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins（企鹅）

longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinni

wouldneverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（职业）asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingand

hersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventually

gettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheap

dealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmerican

mainland.4tIjustdecidedIwantedtogo,“shesays."IhadnoideaaboutwhatEdfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,I

justwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.,,

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowards

Antarctica.64Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftan

impressiononmethatnootherplacehas,“Ginnisays."IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustrose

outofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperatic

soundsitwasmakingunderwater.,,

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithome

toGinni.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge^^underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.

29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?

A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.

C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend'sinvitation.

30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?

A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.

CItshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

【答案解析】

【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探

险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。

【28题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughouthercareer（职业）asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,

butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.（在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索）”

和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest（当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生

活）”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组takethe

plunge与trychallengingthings”尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中的"AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonships

goingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.（正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地

岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票）”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。

【30题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段"Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthe

biggestthingsthathithometoGinni.（意识到这是一块宝贵的土地,应该受到人类的尊重,这是Ginni最深刻

的感受之一）”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。

[31题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述J'GinniBalinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“Thesegentle

lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.（这些温柔可爱的

看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行）”和倒数第二段GinniBalinton对南极之旅的评

价可知，文章主要介绍了GinniBalimon去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，Anunforgettableexperience.

（一次难忘的经历）能够概括文章主旨。故选B。

【词汇积累】

haveadeeplovefor深爱...career职业professional职业的longto渴望eventually最终witness目

睹，见证leaveanimpressionon给...留下印象creature生物operaticadj.歌剧的；歌剧风格的

【长难句析】

1.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

【分析】本句含有一个when引导的时间状语从句；itwastimetotaketheplunge.

为固定短语，意为：该做某事了。

【翻译】当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终飞上了安乐窝，她决定是时候冒险了。

2.IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureand

Ithoughtitwassmilingatus.

【分析】本句thefirsttime为名词性连词引导时间状语从句，先行词为aplace；itwassmilingatus为省略

\that的宾语从句。

【翻译】我记得我第一次看到座头鲸的时候；它刚刚浮出水面，就像史前生物一样，我以为它在对我们微笑。

Passage!（2022年1月浙江卷之A篇）

主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇

工作学习事例阐述356specialist

Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwas

bomofthefinancialcrisis（危机）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地产）firmwhereshehad

workedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,while

drivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenver

agreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongforMerebethtodecideto

drivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicealsosatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexcept

Montana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwith

transportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyflooding

andstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.ShemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhen

shewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.Assoonasshegraduatedfromhigh

schoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyeda

lifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn'tworkin

summer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes,she

getsrestless-thesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemustheedalone,though.Merebethsays,"WhenIam

ontheroad,Fmjustinmyownworld.Tvealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImushhelp

animals.

1.WhydidMerebethchangedherjob?

A.Shewantedtoworknearherhome.

B.Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.

C.HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.

D.Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.

2.Theword"wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?

A.makemoney.B.tryvariousjobs.

C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutMerebethinhernewjob?

A.Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.

B.Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.

C.Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.

D.Sheearnsabasicandtax-freesalary.

【答案】l.D2.D3.C

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专

家。

【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地产）firmwhereshehadworked

fortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.（她曾在——家房地产公

司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）“，可知，Merebeth

之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。

（2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“IthastakenhertoeverystaleintheUSexceptMontana,Washingtonand

Oregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.She

travelsinallweathers.（她自豪地说,除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果

她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。她风雨无阻地旅行）“，可知，划线词的意思

是“渴望去不同的地方旅行故选D。

[3题详解]推理判断题。根据最后一段中“WhenIamontheroad,I'mjustinmyownworld.I'vealwaysbeen

independent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImushhelpanimals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界

里。我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。

故选C。

【词汇积累】

financialcrisis金融危机estaten.房地产wanderlustn.流浪癖；漫游癖；旅游热

【长难句析】

1.ShemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexplore

anewplacetogether.

【分析】本句含有一个when引导的时间状语从句，because为原因状语从句。

【翻译】在她一岁的时候，她举家从加拿大搬到了加州，因为他想让他们一起探索一个新的地方。

2.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,away

fromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

【分析】本句含有一个Assoonas引导的时间状语从句，wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

为定语从句，先行词为theCaliforniancoasto

【翻译】高中一毕业，她就离开了家，住在加利福尼亚海岸外的卡特琳娜岛，远离了她的父母，在那里她

享受着帆船和越野自行车的生活。

Passage3（2021年6月浙江卷）

主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇

演艺生涯事例阐述305comedy

LeslieNielsen'schildhoodwasadifficultone,buthehadoneparticularshiningstarinhislife—hisuncle,

whowasawell-knownactor.TheadmirationandrespecthisuncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareer（职V，）

inacting.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gaininga

scholarshiptotheNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.

However,becomingafull-time,successfulactorwouldstillbeanuphillbattlefbranothereightyearsuntilhe

landedanumberoffilmrolesthatfinallygothimnoticed.

Buteventhen,whathehadwasn'tquitewhathewanted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybut

hisgoodlooksanddistinguishedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles.Itwasn'tuntil1980—32yearsintohis

career—thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplanelThatmovieledhimintothesecond

halfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmovie

reviewerswouldnotrateithighly.

DidNielsenthenfeelcontentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealways

feltheshoulddobutevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewrole

orchallengemightbejustaroundthecomer.Heneverstoppedworking,neverretired.

LeslieNielsen'sdevotiontoactingiswonderfullyinspiring.Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittle

morethanplainoldhardworkanddetermination.Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire,nevergivenupon,can

makeforaremarkablelife.

1.WhydidNielsenwanttobeanactor?

A.Heenjoyedwatchingmovies.B.Hewaseagertoearnmoney.

C.HewantedtobelikehisuncleD.Hefelthewasgoodatacting.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutNielseninthesecondhalfofhiscareer?

A.Hedirectedsomehighqualitymovies.B.Heavoidedtakingonnewchallenges.

C.Hefocusedonplayingdramaticroles.D.Hebecameasuccessfulcomedyactor.

3.WhatdoesNielsen'scareerstorytellus?

A.Artislong,lifeisshort.B.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest.

C.It'snevertoolatetolearn.D.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway.

【答案】l.C2.D3.D

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了LeslieNielsen的演艺生涯。

[1题】细节理解题。通过文章第一段"hisuncle,whowasawell-knownactor.Theadmirationandrespecthis

uncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareerinacting.（他的叔叔，是一位著名的演员。Nielsen的叔叔所赢得

的钦佩和尊重激励他走上了演艺事业）''可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。故选C项。

【2题】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehis

comedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateit

highly.（这部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演

就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功）“可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。

故选D项。

【3题】推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittlemore

thanplainoldhardworkanddetermination.Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire,nevergivenupon,canmake

foraremarkablelife.（他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个

愿望，永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生）''可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。故选D项。

【词汇积累】

admirationn.钦佩，赞美uphilladj.adv.上坡的，向上的distinguishedadj.卓越的，杰出的comedicadj.

喜剧的financialadj.财政的，金融的

【长难句析】

1.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gainingascholarshipto

theNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.

【分析】本句Eventhough引导的是让步状语从句，主句为hemovedforward,gaining为现在分词做结果状

语。

【翻译】尽管他经常觉得自己会被发现是一个没有才华的人，但他继续前进，获得了邻里剧场的奖学金，

并在几年后的1948年首次在电视上露面。

2.Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamoviea

financialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.

【分析】本句的wherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccess是定语从句，when

moviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly为时间状语从句。

【翻译】这部电影让他进入了职业生涯的后半段，在这段时间里，即使影评人评价不高，他的喜剧表演也

能让一部电影获得经济上的成功。

（2020全国新高考1阅读B）

主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇

励志人物事例阐述318willpower

JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninga

nursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireand

becamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfrom

thefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,

workingtopayhertuition（学费），becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.After

graduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvanceher

careerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-Eau

ClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-year

degreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceived

greatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,

andher68-year-oidmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）to

achievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy."Somenightsmy

heartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,"shesays.However,her

childrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generation

graduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat*sprettypowerful.

4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?

A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.

B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.

C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.

D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.

5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?

A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.

C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.

6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?

A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.

C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?

A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbaniers.

C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，

以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩

子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。

4.细节理解题。根据第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayher

tuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation4高中毕业后,Jennifer上了一所当地的

技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育）可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己

挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.（她自食其力读完了大

学）符合以上说法，故选C项。

5.细节理解题。根据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalin

Marshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbe

homeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.（她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，因

为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifei•选择

位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A.To

takecareofherkidseasily.（为了方便照顾她的孩子）符合以上说法，故选A项。

6.细节理解题。根据最后•段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsand

missingimportanteventstostudy.（Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起

的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动）可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B.Her

timewithfamily.（她与家人的时光）符合以上说法，故选B项。

7.推理判断题。根据最后•段的Throughitail,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwith

honors.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业）和However,herchildren

havelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateand

aninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'stheprettypowerftiL（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到

了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励-这是非常强大的。）可知，Jennifer

在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。

由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.（努力会得到回报）符合

以上说法，故选C项。

【词汇积累】

willpowern.意志力,毅力typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的pursuev.追求,致力于

payhertuition付学费学费sacrifice牺牲achievehergoal实现目标inspiration灵感

【长难句析】

1.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费），becausethere

wasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.

【分析】本句含有一个原因状语从句becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation,working

topayhertuition为现在分词短语做伴随状语。

【翻译】高中毕业后，詹妮弗上了当地的一所技术学院，她靠打工来支付学费（学费），因为没有多余的钱供

她上大学。

2.Jennifersacrificed^西牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportantevents

tostudy.

【分析】本句givingup和missingimportanteventstostudy为现在分词短语做伴随状语.；tostudy为动词不

定式做importantevents的定语。

【翻译】Jennifer为了实现她的目标牺牲了（牺牲），为了学习，她放弃了很多和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了

重要的活动。

（2020年北京卷之C篇）

主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇

科学技能事例阐述409techniques

Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgotten

techniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）

consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhis

ownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.

"Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutitJshesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow

theyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcan

evenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata1Oth-centuryEnglishmedicineforeve

problemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinorder

topreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetime

worethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptures

werepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartas

theyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandscienceback

together:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlights

experimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience-thencalled“thenewphilosophy^^—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpin

understandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修补）,as

craftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofour

moderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

38.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.

B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.

D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

39.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

40.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.lbrevealthebeautyofancientobjects.

B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

CTohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.

D.lbemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtists

B.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists

D.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

【答案】38.D39.B40.D41.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家PaulaSmith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果

能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskills

theauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.“让史

密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说广你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工

作品。”由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。

【39题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanreveal

howtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,”重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何

看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。

【40题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhow

onobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhat

treasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.,,史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了

保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损

之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工

技能的价值，故选D。

[41题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段"Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,

wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发

现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心

思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项

CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。

【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它

可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全

文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概

括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。

【词汇积累】

techniquesn.技术；方法manuscript手稿consistof含有，有…组成mysterious神秘

craftsmen手工艺人ancestors祖先drug・resistantadj.耐药的；抗药性的

【长难句析】

1.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofour

moderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

【分析】本句含有一个If引导的条件状语；says后含有一个宾语从句wecanmaiTythebestofourmodem

insightswiththehandinessofourancestorso

【翻译】史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现亲身体验和手工制作的价值，我们就能把我们现代最好的见解与

我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。

2.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmith

believesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

【分析】本句含有一个省略了ihat的定语从句Smilhbelieves,先行词为somelhing；定语从句又含有一个宾

语从句youcando；whenyouhavearoadmap为时间状语从句。

【翻译】如果没有看到艺术品最初的样子，我们就无法欣赏这些细节一一史密斯认为只有当你有一张路线

图时，你才能做到这一点。

Passaged（2020年天津卷之B篇）

主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇

人物故事事例阐述461statue

“Theytellmethatyou'dliketomakeastatue（塑像）ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?^^

Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswas

n