语言、文化与交际智慧树知到期末考试答案2024年

语言、文化与交际智慧树知到期末考试答案2024年语言、文化与交际Chinesespeakerstalkaboutfutureasin___andthepastin___.

A:behind...frontB:right...leftC:front...behindD:left...right答案:front...behind_______,suchascomputerlanguages,arealwaysbasedonwhatlinguistscallnaturallanguages,suchasChineseorEnglish.

A:ArtificiallanguagesB:InventedlanguagesC:Esperanto答案:Artificiallanguages___identifiesareferentas“female”,“male”or“gender-indefinite”.

A:lexicalgenderB:socialgenderC:GrammaticalgenderD:Referentialgender答案:Referentialgender________inlanguageenableshumanbeingstocarryonconversationsinwhichtheymentallyoccupy,together,adifferentplaceandtimefromthepresentone.

A:CreativityB:ImaginaryC:Displacement答案:DisplacementPeopleinverydifferentculturesalsothinkandspeakaboutemotionsandmoodsintermsofwhethertheyare______.

A:bigorsmallB:longorshortC:highorlow答案:highorlowLanguageswith_____generallypossessamuchlargernumberofdevicesofovertgendermarking.

A:grammaticalgenderB:SocialgenderC:lexicalgenderD:culturalgender答案:grammaticalgenderCharlesDarwin,thefounderoftheTheoryofEvolution,studiedtheexpressionof______.

A:EMOTIONSINHUMANSANDANIMALSB:EMOTIONSINANIMALSC:EMOTIONSINHUMANS答案:EMOTIONSINHUMANSANDANIMALSInfantscreatesocialinteractionsvia___.

A:prelinguisticvocalizationB:facialexpressionC:speechD:gesture答案:prelinguisticvocalizationInsomecultures,especiallyWesterncultures,the____ofanutterancemaybevaluedmorehighly.

A:directnessB:truthC:politeness答案:truthEmpricalstudiesinrecentyearsthatinvestigatedthePovertyoftheStimulusArgumentshowthatitis___tolearnlanguagefromtheinputyouhear.

A:ueslessB:possibleC:impossibleD:difficult答案:possible____gestureswhilelearningL2newwordsorgrammarscanleadtothebestlearningoutcomes.

A:watchingB:doingC:noD:seeing答案:doingAnyindividual’s____maybemadeupofdifferentdimensions:family,profession,sportorhobbies,ethnicity,andnation.

A:subjectivityB:personalityC:identity答案:identityAccordingtoUsage-basedview,othercognitiveskillsandsocialbehaviorsareacquired____languageisacquired.

A:atthesametimeB:inthesamewayC:inadifferentwayD:after答案:inthesamewayBusyprofessionalsare“timepoor”andengaginginsomeactivity“runoutoftime”,whichindicatetheculturalmodelof______.

A:timeasentityB:TimeasmoneyC:Timeasscarceresource答案:Timeasscarceresource“Iamsorrytoaskyouthisbutcouldyoupossiblykeepyourwindowsalittlebitmoreclosedwhenyou’repracticingviolin?”Thisisanexampleof:

A:doingtheactonrecordwithnegativepolitenessredressB:doingtheactbaldlywithoutredressC:doingtheactonrecordwithpositivepoliteness答案:doingtheactonrecordwithnegativepolitenessredressWomenmayuse____andexamplestoexplainthingswithclarity.

A:idiomsB:storiesC:jargonsD:experience答案:jargonsItiscommonacrossculturesforindividualswhohaveauthoritytobethoughtofasoccupying____.

A:highpositionB:ascentC:lowposition答案:highposition____uncoveredtheroleoflanguageinconstructingandenforcingamanmadeworldviewandsustainingmen’sdominationandwomen’ssubordination.

A:TannenB:CrawfordC:LakoffD:Spender答案:SpenderForAymaras,thefutureis___andthepastis___.

A:up...downB:behind...frontC:down...upD:front...behind答案:behind...frontWhenEnglishspeakersarebombardedwithnon-agentivesentences,they____.

A:don’trememberifitisaccidental.B:paylessattentiontowhodiditC:paymoreattentiontowhodidit.D:rememberifitisaccidentalbetter.答案:paylessattentiontowhodidit###rememberifitisaccidentalbetterWhentheactionisintentional,peoplewhospeak____aregoodatrememberingwhodidit.

A:GermanB:EnglishC:JapaneseD:Spanish答案:English###Spanish###German###JapanesePoynton(1989)notedthatwomentendto___.

A:usetagquestionsB:usemoreadjectivesC:usemoreintensifiersD:useeuphemisms答案:usetagquestions###usemoreintensifiers###usemoreadjectives###useeuphemisms“ok”gesturemeans___inBelguim.

A:WorthlessB:GoodC:ZeroD:Approval答案:Zero;WorthlessTheGreekperceptionofpolitenessstress

A:theexpressionofconcernandconsiderationfortheaddressee.B:thedisplayofwarmthandfriendliness.C:theexpressionofintimacy.答案:theexpressionofconcernandconsiderationfortheaddressee###theexpressionofintimacy###thedisplayofwarmthandfriendlinessInconversation,feminineattributesare____.

A:politenssB:kindlinessC:mildnessD:passivity答案:kindliness###mildness###passivityTheprocessoflanguageacuquisitionis___.

A:effortlessB:witheaseC:difficultD:rapid答案:effortless###rapid###witheasePolitenessisrelatedto__________,andthatmeansitcanbedifficultforthelistenerto“read”themeaning,orspeechact,intendedbythelistener.

A:indirectnessB:directnessC:impoliteness答案:directness###indirectnessAllPRIMATES,includinghumans,havestronginstinctivedrivesforseeking______.

A:scienceB:sexC:artD:food答案:food###sexSPEECHACTSareparticularusesoflanguagetoachievespecificgoals.Forexample:_________.

A:MAKINGAREQUEST–thespeakeristryingtogetthelistenertodosomethingB:ASKINGAQUESTION–thespeakeristryingtogetinformationfromthelistenerC:GIVINGANORDER–thespeakeristryingtomakethespeakerdosomething答案:ASKINGAQUESTION–thespeakeristryingtogetinformationfromthelistener###MAKINGAREQUEST–thespeakeristryingtogetthelistenertodosomething###GIVINGANORDER–thespeakeristryingtomakethespeakerdosomethingWhatBehaviourismdeliversistheideathatinlanguagelearningprocess,yougetchildrentolearnstuffby___reinforcement.

A:frequentB:positiveC:negativeD:repeated答案:positive###negativeOurclosestlivingrelativesintheanimalworld,________,usegestures,theyusevocalizations,andtheyalsousefacialexpressions,tocommunicate.

A:BONOBOSB:CHIMPANZEESC:LEOPARDD:EAGLE答案:CHIMPANZEES###BONOBOSConversationalpartnersaligntheirrepresentationsat_____levels.

A:noB:theembodiedC:thesituationD:thelinguistic答案:thelinguistic###thesituation###theembodiedThevisualmodalityincludes_____.

A:manualgesturesB:facialexpressionsC:postureD:headmovements答案:headmovements###facialexpressions###manualgestures###postureWhichsentencesarenon-agentivesentences?

A:Itrainedyesterday.B:Thetoastburnt.C:Theshopclosedat7pm.D:Thematchblewout.答案:Thematchblewout###Thetoastburnt###Theshopclosedat7pm###ItrainedyesterdayOtherlinguiststhinkthatEVERYTHINGthataccompaniesspeechincommunication–_______–ispartoflanguage.

A:loudnessB:intonationC:gestureD:posture答案:gesture###posture###intonation###loudnessGesturescan____.

A:reducecognitiveloadB:packageinformationforspeakingC:facilitatelexicalretrievalD:donothing答案:facilitatelexicalretrieval;reducecognitiveload;packageinformationforspeakingNegativepolitenessstrategiesinclude:

A:sharingexperiencesandconcernsB:apologisingforface-threateningbehaviorC:indicatingdeferenceD:usinghedges答案:apologisingforface-threateningbehavior###usinghedges###indicatingdeferenceWhenwetalkabout________,wearetalkingaboutCULTURE.

A:creativityB:artC:learningD:science答案:art###science###learning###creativityIntheAffiliativemodel,languageismainlyawayof“gettingthingsdone”.

A:错B:对答案:错Pivotschemasareconstructionsthathaveapivotasthefixtedpartandanopenslotthatthereisavariablepart.

A:错B:对答案:对Meninterruptwomenmorethanviceversa.

A:错B:对答案:对Itisimpossibilitytoteachpeoplenewwaystotalkabouttimebyteachingthemnewmetaphorsfortime.

A:对B:错答案:错Objectpermanenceistheideathatanobjectisstillthereevenwhenyoucan'tseeitanymore.

A:错B:对答案:对InRussian,verbsdon’tchangenomatterwhethertheactioniscompletedornot.

A:对B:错答案:错Bilingualshavetoconcentratetwolanguageswhentheyspeak.

A:对B:错答案:错Socio-cognitivismreferstothetheorythatisassociatedwithNoamChomsky.

A:对B:错答案:错Tannenarguesthatingeneralthesetheorieshaveapproachedgenderinessentialistways.

A:对B:错答案:错Accordingtomanyeminentpsychologists,womentendtobehighlyexpressive.

A:对B:错答案:对Childrenbefore