高三英语二轮复习 第1部分 专题5 短文改错 考法3 行文逻辑错误-人教版高三英语试题

考法3|行文逻辑错误错误1——主谓不一致1.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.look→looks[主语Mydreamschool是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数。]2．(2014·辽宁高考)Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.have→has[主语Theearlymorningbarking为单数，故把have改为has。]3．(2016·日照市二模)MoreandmoreGuoxuecoursesisgiveninschoolsofdifferentlevelsalloverChina.is→are[主语MoreandmoreGuoxuecourses为复数，故把is改为are。]4．(2016·哈尔滨市第六中学模拟)Eatingsnacksareabadhabitandisalsoawasteofmoney.are→is[动名词短语作主语为单数，故把are改为is。]5．(2016·长春外国语学校质检)YouarethemostconsideratepersonwhoknowexactlywhatIneedinourclass.know→knows[定语从句的先行词themostconsiderateperson为单数，故who后的谓语动词应为单数。]6．(2016·银川一中模拟)Therefore,toomuchexposuretophonesarebadforpeopleintermsofhealth.are→is[主语为toomuchexposure为单数，故把are改为is。不要受phones的影响而认为主语是复数。]【导学号：90892033】7．(2016·湖北省七市联合考试)Therearegreengrassandcolorfulflowerseverywhere.are→is[当therebe结构后有两个并列的主语时，遵循就近原则，greengrass为单数，故把are改为is。]8．(2016·银川一中二模)Whatyouhavegainedaretheresultofyourhardwork.are→is[主语从句为单数，故are改为is。]9．(2016·济南市模拟)Talkingtofriendsorfamilymembersfirstarealwaysagoodidea.are→is[动名词作主语为单数，故把are改为is。]10．(2016·沈阳二中模拟)Lastmonth,I,togetherwithmyparents,wereinvitedtomyuncle'sintheUSA.were→was[本句的主语是I，不受togetherwith后面主语的影响，故把were改为was。]感悟与反思主谓不一致错误主要有三种情况：①由于对基本概念忽视而失分：应注意单复数的一致，例如当不定式、动名词或从句作主语时应为单数。②由于受其他词的影响而失分：例如第六题toomuchexposuretophones中易受phones的影响而认为主语是复数。③注意就近原则。错误2——时态不一致1．(2016·全国乙卷)Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.had→have[由前面的句子可知，这里吃饭时总是涌满了顾客，用的是一般现在时，根据时态的一致性，后面的句子也应用现在时。]2．(2016·全国甲卷)Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmuch,yetwecanstilllearnalot.thought→think[由is，does和can可判断句子的主体时态为一般现在时，根据时态的一致性，应把thought改为think。]3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.think→thought[这两句话是回忆童年的事情，由was，hoped和would也可知时态应为过去时，根据时态的一致性，把think改为thought。]4．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.sat→sit[or连接两个并列谓语，第一个是canlie，第二个应是cansit，前面已有can，后面的can应省去。]5．(2014·浙江高考)IwastakingatraintoLondon'sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoisyandfilledwithpeople.去掉had[此处只是对过去事实的描述，而且没有明显的时间提示，故用一般过去时。]6．(2016·陕西师大附中模拟)Lastnight,Iwenttomyfriend'sbirthdayparty,whereImakesomenewfriends.make→made[既然是昨晚发生的事情，时态是一般过去时，根据时态的一致性，where引导的定语从句也应指过去。]7．(2016·邯郸市第一中学模拟)YesterdaymorningIwentfishing,buttheonlythingIcatchwasatreebranch.catch→caught[句子的整体用过去时，有went和was，故把catch改为caught。]8．(2016·西工大附中适应性训练)Oneday,ourteachertoldusthatwewouldhaveanexamandaskedustogooverourlessonscarefully.However,myfriendLisaspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.spends→spent[第一句指的是过去，时态用的是过去时，根据时态的一致性，第二句应用过去时。]9．(2016·海南省“七校联盟”联考)IdecidedthatIwouldenterforelectionsagaininmyfinalyearatschoolandthatIwillwintheelection.will→would[句子的整体时态为过去时，故will与前面的would并列，也应用would。]10．(2016·青岛市一模)OneofthereasonsisthattheyshowgreatinterestinChineseandEnglish.Besides,theythoughtanumberofphysicsandmathsproblemsaretoodifficultforthemtoworkout.thought→think[句子的整体时态为现在时，故把thought改为think。]【导学号：90892034】感悟与反思时态不一致错误主要有三种情况：①并列句中的时态不一致。②主从句的时态不一致。③前后句中的时态不一致。错误3——指代不一致1．(2016·全国甲卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.your→our[由前面的wegoonatrip和wecanbroaden可知，应把your改为our。]2．(2016·四川高考)Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.her→his[由前面的Whenhecameback可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。]3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.your→our/the[本句的主语为we，因此把物主代词your改为our，此处也可以用the。]4．(2014·四川高考)Ifit'safalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.us→you[由前面的yourteacher可判定后面的us改为you。]5．(2016·绵阳市诊断性考试)WhenIwasinhighschool,mostofmyfriendshadbicycles.IhopedIcouldalsohaveit.it→one[我的大部分朋友有自行车，我希望也能有一辆。此处应用one表示“一辆自行车”，不能用it表特指。]6．(2016·大庆实验中学训练)Tomakethejourneyfruitful,ourteachersdevotedhistimeandenergytous.his→their[由ourteachers可判定后面的his改为their。]7．(2016·哈尔滨市第六中学一模)Infact,theweatherhereisquitedifferentfromitinyourcity.it→that[此处from后的代词应用that代替前面出现过的theweather，不能用it，因为it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。]8．(2016·哈师大附中模拟)ThePalaceMuseumplanstoextendtheiropeninghourstomakeitmoreconvenientfortourists.their→its[由ThePalaceMuseum可知应把their改为its。]9．(2014·陕西高考)Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Neither→None[代替第一句的theirarrows，应用none，因为没有说是两支箭，故不能用neither。]10.(2016·德州市模拟)Itisnotonlybadforsmokershimself,butalsoathreattothepublichealth.himself→themselves[由smokers可知应用themselves。]感悟与反思指代不一致错误主要有四种情况：①人称不一致。②单复数不一致。③性别不一致。④替代词和不定代词考查错误，特别是it和that的错用，不定代词表示两者和两者以上代词的错用等。错误4——逻辑不一致1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpofourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.before→ago[这里讲的是过去发生的事情，着眼点是现在，故应把before改为ago。]2．(2016·银川一中模拟)Doctorscanalsohelppeopletoliveabetterlifewithouttheirprofessionalknowledge.without→with[句意：医生也可以用他们的专业知识帮助人们更好地生活。without应改为with。]3．(2016·平顶山调研考试)IkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydaybecausemywrittenEnglishisbecomingbetterandbetter.because→so/and[句意：我每天用英语写日记，因此我的英语写作越来越好。前后为因果关系或并列关系，故把Because改为so或And。]4．(2016·沈阳二中模拟)Forme,thisisoneofthemostrewardingtripsIhavenevermadeinmylife.never→ever[肯定否定错误，既然这次旅行进行过，就不能用never。]5．(2016·南昌市十所省重点中学模拟)BeforeIfinishedit,Isentittoanewspaper,whichpublishedit.Before→After[按常理应该是完成之后送给报社出版，故把Before改为After。]6．(2016·天水一中模拟)Iloveplayingbasketballandoftenplaywithmyfriendsonweekends.Therefore,itisdifficulttorentabasketballfieldandimpossibletofindafreeone.Therefore→However[前后为转折关系，故应把Therefore改为However。]7．(2016·山东省实验中学模拟)Overcomeit,orwewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.or→and或will→won't[句子自我矛盾，把or改为and或者把will改为won't。]8．(2016·哈尔滨市第六中学模拟)Anxietyandpressurediddiscouragemeattimes.Besides,withtheencouragementofmyteachersandclassmates,IthinkI'llmakeit.Besides→However[前后为转折关系，故应把Besides改为However。]9．(2016·遵义市模拟)Howiseverythinggoingrecently?I'mwritingtotellyousomethingmoreaboutmybirthday.去掉more[more意为“另外的，其他的”，应去掉。]10．(2016·石嘴山市模拟)But,theactualentrancetothetombhaseverbeenfound,norhasthetombbeenopened.ever→never[根据后面的nor可知前面应为否定，故ever改为never。]【导学号：90892035】感悟与反思逻辑不一致错误主要有两种情况：①肯定否定错用。②连接词错用：应根据先后顺序，或逻辑关系，选择适当的连词或副词。A(2016·石家庄市调研检测)Peopleusedtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughlettersandpublicphones.SonowadaystheyusemobilephonesandtheInternetinsteadof.Thischangeincommunicationhavegoodeffectsonourworksandlife.Comparingwithlettersandpublicphones,mobilephonesandtheInternetarefastandmuchmoreconvenient.Ifyoumissedyourgrandmother,youjusttakeoutyourphoneandsay“hello”tohim.Andshewillbehappytohearyourvoice.Ifyouwanttoplaceorderwithaforeigncompany,youcane－mailthemessage.It'llbeminutesafteryougettheirreply.【答案与解析】Peopleusedtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughlettersandpublicphones.eq\f(So,①But)nowadaystheyusemobilephonesandtheInternetinsteadeq\o(\s\up7(\o(﹨,of),②去掉of)).Thischangeincommunicationeq\f(have,③has)goodeffectsonoureq\f(works,④work)andlife.eq\f(Comparing,⑤Compared)withlettersandpublicphones,mobilephonesandtheInternetareeq\f(fast,⑥faster)andmuchmoreconvenient.Ifyoueq\f(missed,⑦miss)yourgrandmother,youjusttakeoutyourphoneandsay“hello”toeq\f(him,⑧her).Andshewillbehappytohearyourvoice.Ifyouwanttoplaceeq\o(\s\up15(∧),⑨an)orderwithaforeigncompany,youcane－mailthemessage.It'llbeminuteseq\f(after,⑩before)yougettheirreply.①So改为But考查连词。根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词But。②删除of考查介词。insteadof意为“代替”，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，但是此处of后无宾语，故删除of。instead是副词，在句中作状语。③have改为has考查动词时态和主谓一致。由语境可知，应用一般现在时；由句子主语Thischange可知，谓语应用单数形式，即has。④works改为work考查名词。此处名词work表示“工作”，而不是作品，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。⑤Comparing改为Compared考查非谓语动词。compare和句子谓语are之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和句子主语mobilephonesandtheInternet构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。⑥fast改为faster考查形容词比较级。由and后的“muchmoreconvenient”可知，此处表示对比的概念，故用形容词比较级faster作表语。⑦missed改为miss考查动词时态。由“youjusttakeoutyourphoneandsay”可知，从句谓语应用一般现在时，即miss。⑧him改为her考查代词。与上文的“grandmother”呼应可知此处应用her。⑨place后加an考查冠词。order是可数名词，意为“订单”，在语境中第一次出现，故用不定冠词修饰。order的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。⑩after改为before考查连词。此处为固定句型“it＋be＋时间段＋before...”，意为“多久以后……”，故用连词before引导时间状语从句。B(2016·河南省八市重点高中质检)IamgratefultomyEnglishteacherSusan,atwhosehelpIcouldn'thavewonfirstprizeintheEnglishTalentCompetitionforhighschoolstudentlastweek.IusedtobepoorlyinspokenEnglish.Iwastooshytospeakinclass.Sincesheteachesuslastterm,shehasbeenencouraginghimtoovercomefearandspeakoutinclass.Thankstoher,Ihavemadegreatprogresses.Besides,Ipracticedseveraltimesinthefrontofher.Itwasheradvicewhichmademeabetterspeakerandfullofconfidence.AndIowemysuccesstoher.Susansetmeagoodexample.IamdeterminedtobecomeanEnglishteacherwhenIgrowup.【答案与解析】IamgratefultomyEnglishteacherSusan,eq\f(at,①without)whosehelpIcouldn'thavewonfirstprizeintheEnglishTalentCompetitionforhighschooleq\f(student,②students)lastweek.Iusedtobeeq\f(poorly,③poor)inspokenEnglish.Iwastooshytospeakinclass.Sincesheeq\f(teaches,④taught)uslastterm,shehasbeenencouragingeq\f(him,⑤me)toovercomefearandspeakoutinclass.Thankstoher，Ihavemadegreateq\f(progresses,⑥progress).Besides,Ipracticedseveraltimesineq\o(\s\up15(\o(﹨,the)),⑦去掉the)frontofher.Itwasheradviceeq\f(which,⑧that)mademeabetterspeakerandfullofconfidence.eq\f(And,⑨So)Iowemysuccesstoher.Susaneq\o(\s\up15(∧),⑩has)setmeagoodexample.IamdeterminedtobecomeanEnglishteacherwhenIgrowup.①at改为without考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“要是没有她的帮助”，故将at改为without。②student改为students考查名词复数。根据语境可知，英语才艺大赛是面向所有高中生的，故将student改为students。③poorly改为poor考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语。④teaches改为taught考查动词时态。在含since引导的状语从句的复合句中，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，故将teaches改为taught。⑤him改为me考查代词。整篇短文都在讲述“我”的情况，和“他”没关系，故将him改为me。⑥progresses改为progress考查名词的数。progress为不可数名词，不能用复数形式，故将progresses改为progress。⑦删除in后的the考查冠词。inthefrontof表示“在……前面”，通常指在某物内部的前面。本题是指“在她的前面”，故删除the。⑧which改为that考查强调句。分析该句可知，本句是一个强调句，强调heradvice，故将which改为that。⑨And改为So考查连词。前后句是“因果”关系，故将And改为So。⑩Susan后加has考查动词时态。老师为“我”树立好榜样是过去的事情，并且对“我”产生了影响，所以用现在完成时。【导学号：90892036】C(2016·合肥市质检)Forstudentslearninginstruments,summerisalwaysa“musicseason”．Duringvacationtimes,wearealwaysbusyattendingvariouslylessons,takingexamsandparticipatingincompetitions.ThissummerIjoinedamusiccompetitionbutwasluckytogetthesecondplace.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadplayedonthestageinfrontofsuchmanypeople.Ifeltveryupsetatfirst,buttheencouragefrommyteacherkeepsmegoingahead.Surprising,Iwasgiventhesilvermedal，thatincreasedmyconfidence.Ifwetryourbesttogetahead,wewillbeabletoachievewhatwedesireanddeserveit.【答案与解析】Forstudentslearninginstruments,summerisalwaysa“musicseason”．Duringvacationeq\f(times,①time)，wearealwaysbusyattendingeq\f(variously,②various)lessons,takingexamsandparticipatingincompetitions.ThissummerIjoinedeq\o(\s\up15(∧),③in)amusiccompetitioneq\f(but,④and)wasluckytogetthesecondplace.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadplayedonthestageinfrontofeq\f(such,⑤so)manypeople.Ifeltveryupsetatfirst,buttheeq\f(encourage,⑥encouragement)frommyteachereq\f(keeps,⑦kept)megoingahead.eq\f(Surprising,⑧Surprisingly)，Iwasgiventhesilvermedal,eq\f(that,⑨which)increasedmyconfidence.Ifwetryourbesttogetahead,wewillbeabletoachievewhatwedesireanddeserveeq\o(\s\up15(\o(﹨,it)),⑩去掉it)．①times改为time考查名词。根据语境可知，此处time表示(用于工作、休息等的)一段时间，为不可数名词，故改为time。②variously改为various考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示上各种各样的课，应用形容词作定语修饰名词，故改为various。③joined后面加in考查固定搭配。joinin意为“参加(活动)”，符合语境，故加上in。④but改为and考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示并列关系，故改为and。⑤such改为so名词people前面有形容词many修饰应用so，故改为so。⑥encourage改为encouragement考查名词。此处是名词作主语，表示“来自老师的鼓励”。故改为encouragement。⑦keeps改为kept考查动词时态。这是介绍假期中的一件事情，并且由上文的felt可知，应用一般过去时，故改为kept。⑧Surprising改为Surprisingly考查副词。此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，故改为Surprisingly。⑨that改为which考查关系代词。本句为非限制性定语从句，并且关系词指代前面整句话，故改为which。⑩删除it考查宾语从句。what在宾语从句中充当宾语，it多余，故删除。D(2016·福建省五校高中毕业班统一考试)Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Allkindofpollutionandthedestructionoftheenvironmentcouldbeseeeverywhereinourdailylife.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,carsmakemuchnoiseandgaveoffpoisonousgases.Becauseofpopulationexpansionandoverdevelopment,resourceshavebecomelessandless.Treeshavebeencutdown,butwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintoriversandlakes.Thewholeecologicalbalanceofearthischanging.Massivedestructionoftheenvironmenthavebroughtaboutnegativeeffectsintheecosystemaroundtheworldandevenbecomeagreatthreattoman'sexistence.Wemustfaceinthesituationthatexistsandtakeimmediateactiontosolvingourenvironmentalproblemstogether.Wehopeallthesemeasureswillbeeffectiveandbringbackahealthyenvironmentsothatwecouldlivehappyinabeautifulandharmoniousworld.【答案与解析】Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Alleq\f(kind,①kinds)ofpollutionandthedestructionoftheenvironmentcouldbeeq\f(see,②seen)everywhereinourdailylife.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,carsmakemuchnoiseandeq\f(gave,③give)offpoisonousgases.Becauseofpopulationexpansionandoverdevelopment,resourceshavebecomefewerandfewer.Treeshavebeencutdown,eq\f(but,④and)wastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintoriversandlakes.Thewholeecologicalbalanceofeq\o(\s\up15(∧),⑤the)earthischanging.Massivedestructionoftheenvironmenteq\f(have,⑥has)broughtaboutnegativeeffectseq\f(in,⑦on)theecosystemaroundtheworldandevenbecomeagreatthreattoman'sexistence.Wemustfaceeq\o(\s\up15(\o(﹨,in)),⑧去掉in)thesituationthatexistsandtakeimmediateactiontoeq\f(solving,⑨solve)ourenvironmentalproblemstogether.Wehopeallthesemeasureswillbeeffectiveandbringbackahealthyenvironmentsothatwecouldliveeq\f(happy,⑩happily)inabeautifulandharmoniousworld.①kind改为kinds考查名词的数。根据“All”可知，kind应使用复数形式。②see改为seen考查语态。主语与see之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故将see改为seen。③gave改为give考查动词的时态。根据and前的“make”可知，该句应使用一般现在时。④but改为and考查连词。树木被砍伐，废水被不断地排放到河里和湖里。根据句意可知，两句间为并列关系而不是转折关系，故用并列连词and。⑤earth前加the考查冠词。earth为世界上独一无二的事物，故在earth前面加上定冠词the。⑥have改为has考查时态和主谓一致。由全文时态可知，此处应用现在完成时，该句主语为“Massivedestructionoftheenvironment”，destruction为不可数名词，故谓语动词应当用单数，故将have改为has。⑦in改为on考查介词。effecton为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。⑧删除in考查动词的用法。句中的“face”为及物动词，意为“面对”，后直接跟名词作宾语。⑨solving改为solve考查动词不定式。我们必须立即采取行动以解决环境问题。takeactiontodosth.为固定搭配。⑩happy改为happily考查副词。根据动词live可知，应用副词修饰动词，故用副词形式happily。E(2016·广州市模拟)ThebestadviceIreceivedinmychildhoodwasfrommydad.Healwaysgivesmesomeadvice,butIseldomtookthemseriously.Onedayhewasencouragedmetoparticipateinaspeechcompetition.SoIsignedupandafterthecompetition，Ididmybesttobefullprepared.ButthemomentIstoodonthestage,Iwassuchnervousthatmymindcompletelywentblank.Theexperienceofloseacompetitionwasreallypainful.Then,mydadsaid,“Myson,lifeislikebattlefield.Youhavetolosemanytimetowinthefinalvictory.”Thanksforhisadvice,InevergiveupwhenIdoanything.【答案与解析】ThebestadviceIreceivedinmychildhoodwasfrommydad.Healwayseq\f(gives,①gave)mesomeadvice,butIseldomtookeq\f(them,②it)seriously.Onedayheeq\f(\o(\s\up15(\o(﹨,was))),③去掉was)encouragedmetoparticipateinaspeechcompetition.SoIsignedupandeq\f(after,④before)thecompetition,Ididmybesttobeeq\f(full,⑤fully)prepared.ButthemomentIstoodonthestage,Iwaseq\f(such,⑥so)nervousthatmymindcompletelywentblank.Theexperienceofeq\f(lose,⑦losing)acompetitionwasreallypainful.Then,mydadsaid,“Myson,lifeislikeeq\o(\s\up15(∧),⑧a)battlefield.Youhavetolosemanyeq\f(time,⑨times)towinthefinalvictory.”Thankseq\f(for,⑩to)hisadvice,InevergiveupwhenIdoanything.①gives改为gave考查动词时态。由took可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。②them改为it考查代词。advice是不可数名词，故用it代指。③删除was考查动词语态。根据语境可知，he与encourage为主谓关系，不能用被动语态，故删除was。④after改为before考查介词。根据prepared可知，此处表示在赛前做充分的准备，故用介词before。⑤full改为fully考查副词。副词修饰形容词，在句中作状语，故用副词fully修饰形容词prepared。⑥such改为soso...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，修饰形容词nervous，符合语境。such修饰名词。⑦lose改为losing考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词losing作介词of的宾语。⑧like后加a考查冠词。battlefield是可数名词，且第一次在文中出现，故用不定冠词修饰