山东省临沂市高三下学期二模英语试题2

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟)英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHereisashortenedlistofbooksplannedbyTIMEandTIMEforKidsthataresuitableforelementaryschoolers.Tomakethelist,weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.Wethenconsideredhowageappropriatethematerialwas,andwhetherthetoneandstorylineleftthereaderfeelingengagedandempoweredratherthananxiousoroverwhelmed.WEAREWATERPROTECTORSByCaroleLindstrom;illustratedbyMichaelaGoadeAtribute(致敬)tonativetribesthatareprotectingtheplanet,thisbookmetaphoricallyshowstheharmsofoilpipelines.Kidswillseethevalueofmunityaction,whileadultswillrecognizethestoryoftheStandingRockSioux’sfightagainsttheDakotaAccessPipeline.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWINDByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer;illustratedbyElizabethZunonThepicturebookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor’steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedroughtaninspiringtaleforfuturecleanenergyengineers.THELORAXByDr.SeussThankstoitsrhymeandfancifulillustrations,thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources,andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlongtermenvironmentalharm.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURSByDavidMiles;illustratedbyAlbertPinillaEveryleftpagedefinesaclimatechangeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel,givingkidsthe“choice”ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit.1.Whosebookwillyoupreferifyouwanttobeawindenergyengineer?A.BryanMealer. B.DavidMiles. C.MichaelaGoade. D.Dr.Seuss.2.Whichbookguidesreaderstomakeoptionsaboutenviornmentprotection?A.THELORAX. B.WEAREWATERPROTECTORS.C.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND. D.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS.3.Whatdothefourbookshaveinmon?A.Theyareintendedforkidsinthekindergarten.B.Theplotsaremysteriousandgetthereadersinvolved.C.Theirmaterialsareeditedbyclimateandeducationexperts.D.Theyareaboutenvironmentprotectionandhavepicturesattached.BOnatramsmoothlypullingintotheheartofLuxembourgCity,Marckgivesasmileandtakesalookatthefabricoftheseatnexttohim.Forhim,thecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.MarckisthedirectorgeneralofLuxtram,Luxembourg’smoderntrams.Itfirststartedrunningservicestwoyearsago.Nextyear,Luxembourgwillbeetheworld’sonlycountrytogetridoffaresonallitsformsofpublictransport.Luxembourg’strafficproblemsefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.Afterthreedecadeswhenitsroadshavebeesocrowded,Luxembourgisgoingtodosomethingremarkable.Freefares,andaplantopersuadepeopletoswitchfromcarstotramsortrains.Marck,alongwithmanyothers,isexcitedtoseewhathappensnext.“Thefactthatthisisfreemeansthateveryonecanuseit—youngorold,richorpoor,”hesaid.“Everyonecansaytothemselvesit’sbettertoleavethecarathome.Wemustcontinuetoimproveandextendthenetwork.Itmustalwaysbefortable,wellconnected,efficient.”LydiePolfer,thecity’smayor,saysshehopestoreachthepointwheremorethanathirdofpeopleeintothecityusingpublictransport—atthemoment,it’slessthanoneinfive.Shesaid,“It’snotpracticaltobancarsbecausesomepeople,liketheelderly,needthem.Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman—youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam,andthatistrue.Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport.”4.WhydoesMarckthinkthecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport?A.Thetramsarehisgoalthathestrivesfor.B.Therearemoremeansoftransportationthantrams.C.City’stramsbringmorechangesbeyondtransport.D.ThetramsaretheheartofLuxembourgCitytransportsystem.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecauseofthetrafficproblems. B.Themeansofpublictransport.C.Thedevelopmentofrunningservices. D.Theincreaseofworkingpopulation.6.Whatconcernspeoplemostwhenusingthepublictransport?A.Theconvenience. B.Thefare. C.Thefort. D.Theefficiency.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatLydiePolfersaid?A.Theelderlyneedn’tusepublictransport.B.It’spossibletopersuademostpeopletousethetrams.C.Everyonecandohisparttoimprovetransportsituation.D.Thosewhodon’ttakepublictransportcausetrafficjams.CHaveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganisedormoresociable?Perhapsyou’reaconstantworrierandyou’dprefertobealittlemorecarefree?Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwothirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.Ourgenesalmostcertainlyplayarole:it’swhypeople’spersonalitiesoftenreflecttheirbiologicalparents’ones.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentwasthoughttoendinearlyadulthood,asthebrainreachedmaturity.Ifthisweretrue,itwouldn’tbepossibletoshiftpersonalityatwill.YetthatisexactlywhatpsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagueshaveshownwithaseriesofgroundbreakingstudies.Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.Theaimisforthethinkingpatternsandbehaviourstheygeneratetobeehabitual.Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallypletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webeewhatwerepeatedlydo.Theunexpectedplasticityofourmindsshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable,organised,orhappygolucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.8.Whyis“leopard”mentionedinparagraph2?A.Toexplainthatourmindsconsistofvirtuesandflaws.B.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenleopardsandhumanbeings.C.Toproveapossibilitythatpeoplecanchangetheirpersonality.D.Todemonstratethepreviousbeliefthatpersonalitiesremainfixed.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“interventions”?A.Thetwotrialsreacheddifferentconclusions. B.Activitiesaretailoredtospecificpersonalitites.C.Thepurposeistobetterpeople’spersonalities. D.People’spersonalitiescanbechangedbutcan’tlast.10.WhathasNathanHudson’steamshownthroughtheirstudies?A.Thepreviousexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewasconfirmed.B.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentendswhenthebrainmatures.C.Thedesiretochangesomeelementsofourpersonalitycanbeachieved.D.Ourgenesplayagreaterroleinourpersonalitythansocialenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WeAreWhatWeDo B.HabitsMakeThingsEasierC.YourPersonalityIsNotSetInStone D.ALeopardNeverChangesItsSpotsDYoumayhavewonderedhowlavenderisusedforsocialanxiety.Butfirst,justwhatislavender?Lavender,alsoknownasEnglishorgardenlavender,isaherbnativetotheMediterraneanregion.Historically,lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt,inbathsinGreeceandRome,andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today,lavenderisusedasatraditionalorplementaryremedyforrelaxation,toreduceanxiety,anddepression,aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomachupsetandheadaches.Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000studyCookandErnstreportedthatingeneral,aromatherapy(芳香疗法)ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshortterm.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy.Thescentisinhaled,ortheoilisappliedtotheskin,whichwillbenefittheanxiouspeoplequickly.Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.Lavenderteacanbemadebyusing1to2teaspoonsofdriedleavesfor15minutesinacupofboilingwater.Inliquidextractform,nomorethan60dropsoflavendershouldbetakeninaday.Beforetakinglavenderinliquidform,youshouldreadtheproductlabelanddiscussthedosewithaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.Thereisnotenoughscientificevidencetosafelyremendlavenderforchildrenyoungerthan18years.Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding,usecautionwhentakinglavender.12.Whatcanweknowaboutlavenderfromparagraphl?A.Itcanhelpdealwithmentalhealthproblems.B.ItwasusedtopreservedeadbodiesinGreece.C.Itwasusedtocurestomachupsetandheadaches.D.ItisaherbintroducedintotheMediterraneanregion.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Thetreatmentforsocialanxietydisorder.BThehistoryofaromatherapyreducingstress.C.Thebenefitsoflavenderusedformentaldisorder.D.Theresearchesontheuseoflavenderforsocialanxiety.14.Howisparagraph3developed?A.Bycollectingdata. B.Bymakingalist.C.Byintroducingconcepts. D.Bymakingparisons.15.Whatcanwelearnabouttakinglavenderfromthetext?A.Itmayworsenthebleeding.B.It’sprovedtobeunsafeforkidsof14.C.Lavenderinpillformfunctionsbetterthanthatinliquid.D.Adoseshouldbedecidedaccordingtotheproductlabel.第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beinglateisatendencythatsomepeoplecannotseemtoshake.Manyfactorscontributetocontinuallateness,includingtimeperception,timemanagementandpersonality.Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit’stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.____16____“Itislikelythatthere’samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,”HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLiveScience.____17____Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus(海马体)actingas“timecells”contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents’spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.____18____“Ifyou’reveryfamiliarwithaspace,youstarttodiscountthetroubleitwilltake,”Spierssaid.Anotherenvironmentalfactormaybecrowdedness.Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模拟的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedmutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.____19________20____Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness(责任心),cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.A.Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.B.Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience.C.Wemaketimeestimatesbasedonhowurgentthetasksare.D.However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.E.Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?F.Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.G.That’sbecausepeoplewhorunlatetellthemselvesandotherstheycanbepunctual.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.PeterDavies,a100yearoldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind____21____inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.____22____,whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,hedecidedto____23____it.Peter____24____atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew____25____asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore____26____tohismunitythaneverbefore.“Thekidsare____27____;theyarelikesponges(海绵)”saidPeter．“I’msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe____28____do.I’mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I’mpartofthe____29____,whichisgreat.Plusmystreet____30____isextremelygoodbecauseI’llbegoing____31____inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’andIfeel____32____.”In2023,PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)fromKingCharlesIII!Now,____33____beingjustfamouslocally,Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently____34____ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM,18yearoldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty.“Heisthe____35____,Iamthepast,”PetersaidofDara.21.A.meaning B.wisdom C.standard D.courage22.A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Moreover23.A.prove B.explore C.manage D.attempt24.A.works B.volunteers C.registers D.engages25.A.reputation B.status C.post D.state26.A.connected B.restricted C.equal D.inferior27.A.flexible B.naughty C.patient D.great28.A.heroes B.humans C.children D.adults29.A.society B.population C.munity D.nation30.A.reaction B.effort C.devotion D.credit31.A.anywhere B.nowhere C.somewhere D.elsewhere32.A.grateful B.honored C.ambitious D.surprised33.A.inadditionto B.insteadof C.dueto D.inspiteof34.A.appeared B.performed C.advertised D.shared35.A.prospect B.trend C.present D.future第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheChiefExecutiveOfficerofBeijingAiqiTechnologyYangZhanghasrevivedtheChineseculturalpracticeofusingthemortiseandtenon(榫卯)techniqueforconstructionwhichisontheedgeofextinction.Heusedtheancientmortiseandtenontechnique____36____(construct)theTurretofPalaceMuseumata1:81miniscaleThechoiceof“TurretofPalaceMuseum”asthethemefortheminibuildingblockproject____37____(base)onseveralfactors.____38____(locate)intheForbiddenCityofBeijing,thisarchitecturaltreasureboaststhemostdelicatedesignandelegantshapeamongChineseroyalbuildings.Itwashistoricallyresponsible____39____protectingthepalace.Theplexlayoutoftheturretposed____40____unprecedented(史无前例的)technicalchallengeforZhangandhisteamofdesignersanddevelopers.Unlikeconventionalbuildingblock____41____(toy),Zhangaimedtocreateamodelmade____42____(entire)ofauthenticmortiseandtenonponents.Theentireprocessofdesigntooknearlyfiveyears,withhundredsofdesigniterationsandcontinuousadjustments.Themortiseandtenontechnique,____43____istheprimaryconstructionmethodusedinancientChinesearchitectureandrepresentsthecoreof____44____(tradition)Chinesewoodworking,isgainingincreasing_____45_____(recognize)amongthepublic.第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.你的留学生朋友Paul要参加“中国古诗词朗读大赛”，请你给他推荐一首古诗，用唐朝诗人王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》或其他你喜欢的古诗进行推荐。要点如下：1．诗歌名称及作者;2．推荐理由：写作手法及内涵等。附：登鹳雀楼OntheStorkTower王之涣WangZhihuan白日依山尽，Thesunbeyondthemountainglows;黄河入海流。TheYellowRiverseawardsflows.欲穷千里目，Youcanenjoyagrandersight;更上一层楼。Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.(许渊冲译)注意：1．词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearPaul,Delightedtoknowyouwillparticipateinthecontest,I’dliketoremend________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theautomobileindustryisspendingbillionsonselfdrivingcars,justsowecansitinthebackseatlikesomehighpoweredcorporateexecutive.Butwhatifwequitelikedriving?Onholidayafewyearsago,Ispenthoursbeingtransportedontrains,busesandplanes.Then,finally,camethesectionoftheholidayduringwhichIhiredasetofwheels.Afterdecadesofmarriage,itwasnotoftenthatyoureceivedrealpraisefromyourpartner,butonthehighwaysofCreteplimentscamewitheverysuccessfulaction.“Oh,welldone!”saidJocasta,hervoicefullofadmiration,asInavigatedaroundaboutwithoutkillingusboth.Intotheroundabout(环岛)Iwent,slowingdownasweentered,thenspeedingupaswereturnedtothestraight.Really,itwaslik