2024春新教材高中英语UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONSectionⅡReadingandThinking1基础测评含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONSectionⅡReadingandThinking(1)阅读理解AHoweverexcitingspaceexplorationsounds,there’sanecessaryandimportantpointaboutitthatneedstobeconsidered:foodsupplies.Rightnow,astronautstypicallyrelyondryfoodinairtightbagsandcans,sincetherearestrictweightlimitsonitemstakenintospace.Foodsthatwetakeforgranted,suchasfreshfruitandvegetables,areoutofthequestionforspaceexplorers.

Forthosewho’vemadeanefforttotrytogrowfoodduringspaceflights,they’vefacedmanydifficulties,includingtheabsenceofgravity,andalackofsoil,airandhumidity(湿度).However,growingfoodtoaddandminimise(最小化)thefoodthatmustbecarriedtospacewillbeincreasinglyimportantonlong-durationflightsintospace.Greateffortshavebeenmadetoexploretheconcept(idea)ofspacefarming.Recently,ateamledbyFedericoMaggiattheUniversityofSydneyinAustraliahaveworkedouthowplantscanabsorbnutrientsfromhumanurine(尿),aswasreportedbyNewScientistonMarch27.Afterover20yearsofexperiments,theresultssuggestedthathumanurinecouldsupplythreetofouroutofthesixnutrientsthatplantsneed.Theresearchersalsofoundoutthaturine-fertilisedplantsproducenoharmfulby-products,suchascarbondioxideorammonia.AccordingtoNewScientist,humanurineis95percentwater,withtheother5percentmadefromnutrientswhichareharmfultothehumanbodybutnottoplants.Theadvantageofthisurine-fueledlifesupportsystemisobvious:Byrecyclingliquidwasteandproducingfood,anefficientcyclewillbecreated.Andmostimportantly,saidNewScientist,thedurationofspaceflightswillbegreatlyextendedto“20yearsofflight”,meaningwemaybesoonsendingastronautsonflightstoMars,orevenbeyond.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“outofthequestion”inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A.Impossible. B.Unnecessary.C.Unimportant. D.Uncertain.解析:词义揣测题。依据上文“Rightnow,astronautstypicallyrelyondryfoodinairtightbagsandcans,sincetherearestrictweightlimitsonitemstakenintospace.”可知,目前宇航员通常依靠于装在密封的袋子和罐子里的干燥食品,因为带进太空的物品有严格的重量限制。故可推想我们认为天经地义的食品,如簇新水果和蔬菜对于太空探究者来说是“不行能的;难以实现的”。impossible不行能的;unnecessary不必要的;unimportant不重要的;uncertain不确定的。故选A。答案:A2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheresearchbytheUniversityofSydney?A.Humanurineisharmlesstoplants.B.Humanurineprovidessixnecessarynutrientsforplants.C.Urinefertiliserissaferandmoreproductivethanchemicalfertiliser.D.Urine-fertilisedplantsonlyreleaseasmallamountofcarbondioxide.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“Theresearchersalsofoundoutthaturine-fertilisedplantsproducenoharmfulby-products,suchascarbondioxideorammonia.”可知,探讨人员发觉尿肥植物不产生有害的副产品,如二氧化碳或氨。由此可知将人类尿液用于太空农业的最大优势是它对植物无害。答案:A3.Whatisthebiggestadvantageofusinghumanurineforspacefarming,accordingtoNewScientist?A.Itdoeslittleharmtotheenvironmentinspace.B.Itcouldcreateconditionsforlong-termspaceflights.C.Itwillgreatlyreducethecostoffarminginspace.D.Urine-fertilisedplantsarehealthierandtastebetter.解析:细微环节理解题。依据最终一段可知,最重要的是,太空飞行的时间会延长,到更远的行星探究成为可能。故选B。答案:B4.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceofspacefarming.B.Problemsfacedbyastronautsonlong-termspaceflights.C.Howtousehumanurinetoproducefoodinspace.D.Apossiblenewwaytogrowfoodinspace.解析:主旨大意题。依据其次段中“Recently,ateamledbyFedericoMaggiattheUniversityofSydneyinAustraliahaveworkedouthowplantscanabsorbnutrientsfromhumanurine,aswasreportedbyNewScientistonMarch27.”可知,本文主要介绍了一种使在太空上种植植物成为可能的新方式。答案:DBThefullmoonclimbsovertheeasternhorizon(地平线)andhangslikeahugeorangeglobeinthesky.Afterafewhours,themoonisoverheadbutseemstohavechanged.Thehugeorangeglobehasbecomeasmallsilverdisk.Whathashappened?Whyhastheorangecolourdisappeared?Whydoesthemoonseemsomuchsmallerandfartherawaynowthatitisoverhead?Themoonappearsorangeonthehorizonbecauseweviewitthroughthedustoftheatmosphere.Theoverheadmoondoesnotreallyshrink(缩小)asitmovesawayfromthehorizon.Oureyesinformusthattheoverheadmoonisfartheraway.Butinthispositionthemoonisactuallyclosertooureyesthanwhenitisnearthehorizon.Thechangeinsizeisatrickoureyesandmindsplayonus.Whenthemoonislowinthesky,wecancompareitssizewithfamiliarobjects.Itiseasytoseethatthemoonismuchlargerthantreesorbuildings,forexample.Whenthemoonishighinthesky,however,itishardtocompareitwithobjectsonEarth.Comparedtothevastnessofthesky,themoonseemssmall.Thereisanotherreasonwhythemoonseemstoshrink.Weareusedtostaringatobjectsstraightaheadofus.Whenanobjectisdifficulttosee,oureyeshavetotrytofocusonit.Whenwemoveourheadsbacktolookup,wewilltryhardagain.Lookingatsomethingfromanunaccustomedpositioncanfoolyouintobelievinganobjectissmallerorfartherawaythanitis.However,scientistsdonotyetunderstandcompletelywhythemoonseemstoshrinkasitrisesinthesky.5.Whatmakesuspuzzledwhenthemoonishighinthesky?A.Itbecomeslarge. B.Itlooksdifferent.C.Itscolourdisappears. D.Itsshapechanges.解析:推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Afterafewhours,themoonisoverheadbutseemstohavechanged.Thehugeorangeglobehasbecomeasmallsilverdisk.Whathashappened?Whyhastheorangecolourdisappeared?Whydoesthemoonseemsomuchsmallerandfartherawaynowthatitisoverhead?”可知,当月亮高挂天空的时候,它的颜色、大小都变了,看起来不同了。答案:B6.Whatreallyhappenswhenthemoonfloatsfartherawayfromthehorizon?A.Itcomesnearer. B.Itturnsorange.C.Itgoesfarther. D.Itgetsthroughdust.解析:细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Theoverheadmoondoesnotreallyshrinkasitmovesawayfromthehorizon.Oureyesinformusthattheoverheadmoonisfartheraway.Butinthispositionthemoonisactuallyclosertooureyesthanwhenitisnearthehorizon.”可知,当月亮离地平线远的时候,其实它离我们更近。答案:A7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thesizeofthemoonoftenchanges.B.Themoonisinfactahugeorangeglobe.C.Themoonisbeginningtoshrinkmuch.D.Wedonotseethemoonasitreallyis.解析:推理推断题。依据最终一段最终一句“However,scientistsdonotyetunderstandcompletelywhythemoonseemstoshrinkasitrisesinthesky.”可知我们没有看清月亮的“真面目”。答案:DCTelevisionhaschangedourlivesinmanyways.ManypeoplenowspendmoretimewatchingTVthandoinganythingelse.Researchershaveestimated(估计)thatwhenmoststudentsleaveschooltheyhavespent11,000hoursintheclassroomand22,000hourswatchingtelevision.8?

Benefitsoftelevision:1.Televisionhelpsustolearnmoreabouttheworldandtoknowandseemanynewthings.Televisioncanofferpresentinformationtousinamoreeffectivewaythanbooks.9.

2.Itentertainsus.Itisanenjoyablewaytorelaxourselves.Formillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,televisionisasourceofcompanion-shipandhelpsthemtocopewitheverydaylife.3.Ithasincreasedthepopularityofsportsandarts.4.10.In2000,forexample,1.5millionpeoplein147countrieswatchedaTVpopconcertandhelpedtocollectmorethan$100millionforpeopleinAfrica.

Dangers:1.Televisionmakesuspassive(被动的).11.

2.Itencouragesustobuyunnecessarythingssometimes.Therearemanyadvertisementsontelevision,12.

3.Ittakestimeawayfromactivitiessuchasreading,conversation,andgames.4.Somecritics(指责家)saythattelevisionmakespeopleviolent.Aten-yearstudyshowedthatchildrenwhowatchtelevisionprogrammesaremorelikelytobeviolentthemselves.A.TelevisionmakesusactiveB.ButwhateffectdoesthishaveC.ItcanalsomakethingsmorememorableD.Wedon’thavetothinkandourbrainsbecomelazyE.however,thiskindofadvertisementmightnotbesuitableF.TelevisionhasmadeusawareofourglobalresponsibilitiesG.themainpurposeofwhichistomakecustomersspendmoney答案:8.B9.C10.F11.D12.GReadingandThinking(2)[基础测评]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Iworkduringmysparetime,whichgivesme(independent)frommyfamily.

2.Myparentsdesireme(behave)wellatschool.

3.Fromthe(disappoint)voice,weknewhefailedtheexam.

4.Thefish(leap)outofwaterandlandedontheshore.

5.Asweallknow,(satellite)havebeenusedforcommunica-tionaswellasweatherforecasts.

6.Duringourfreetime,we’llbeabletotraveltoplacesofinterestinnew(vehicle)likeflyingcars.

7.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestopreventthe(transmit)ofthedisease.

8.The(frontier)ofmedicalknowledgearebeingpushedforwardsastimegoeson.

9.Wearenotsurewhenuniversecameintobeing.

10.Hestoodup,signallingtheofficerthathehadfinishedwithhisclient.

答案:1.independence2.tobehave3.disappointed4.leaped/leapt5.satellites6.vehicles7.transmission8.frontiers9.the10.toⅡ.完成句子1.你是第一个将这项工作做得这么好的人。Youare_________________________________theworksowell.

2.虽然战士们已经工作了15个小时,但他们仍接着在废墟中找寻生还者。Thoughthesoldiershadbeenworkingforfifteenhours,they______________________forsurvivorsintheruins.

3.攀登者们接着前进,希望尽最终的努力到达山顶。Theclimberskeptup_________________________reachingthetopwiththelasteffort.

4.人们信任努力工作就能胜利。Itisbelievedthatworkinghardcansuccess.

5.微笑不仅仅让我们兴奋,还能愉悦别人。Smilingcanmakeushappy,pleaseothers.

答案:1.thefirstpersontodo2.carriedonlooking3.inthehopeof4.leadto5.notonly;butalsoⅢ.语法填空1._______(look)upatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtoexplorespace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld2.______(go)intospace.Overeightyearslater,on20July1969,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon,famouslysaying,“That’sonesmallstepfor[a]man,onegiantleapformankind.”Followingthis,manymoregoals3. 

(achieve).4._________scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.Allthe5._________(astronaut)ontheUSSR’sSoyuz11andAmerica’sChallengerdiedduringtheirmissions,whichmadeeveryonesadand6._________(disappoint).Despitethehugerisks,peoplecarry7.exploringspace.

China’sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthanthoseofRussiaandtheUS,butit8.__________(make)greatprogressinashorttime.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldto9._________(independent)sendhumansintospacein2003.NowChinaaswellasEuropeandtheU.S.hasplanstofurtherstudyandexploreplanetslikeMars10.___________Jupiter.答案:1.Looking2.togo3.wereachieved4.Although/Thoughastronauts6.disappointed7.on8.hasmade9.independently10.and[提升测评]Ⅳ.阅读理解ThreedaysbeforeChristmasin1968,FrankBorman,JimLovellandBillAndershadadventuredouttothemoon,becomingthefirsthumanbeingstoreachandorbitourclosestneighbourinspace.OnChristmasEve,theypointedaTVcameraoutofthewindowofApollo8andshowedaglobalaudience(观众)of1billiontheancientmoonmovingslowlybelowtheirspaceship.“Ididn’tchooseit,”Anderssaid,whenallthreeastronautsmettomarkthe50thanniversary(周年)oftheirmoonflight,atChicago’sMuseumofScienceandIndustry,wheretheirspaceshipisdisplayed.WhenthethreemenreturnedtoEarthonDecember27,theyweresurroundedbyaseaofjoy.Thatkindofcollective(集体的)joy—bornofcollectiveeffort—canseembeyondusnow.Fromthefactoryfloortothethreemeninthespaceship,anestimated400,000peoplehadahandinmakingthemoonflightpossible.BehindthejoytherewasalsoadarkdangerApollo8mightface.Iftheastronautsmadeitintothemoonorbitbuttheirenginefailedtofirewhenitwastimetoreturn,rescuewouldbeimpossible.Theywouldcirclethemoonforever.Buttheastronautsdidcomehome,andintheprocesstheygavetheworldanothergift:thecelebratedphotographthatcametobeknownasEarthrise.Evenfiftyyearslater,BormanandLovellcontinuedtoplayjokesonAnders,85then.“I’mstilltryingtofigureoutwhodidit,”saidBorman,withawink(挤眼睛).“Youdidit,Ithink,”Lovellanswered.“Billdidit,”Bormanadmitted.“Hedidn’twantmetotakeitatfirst,”Anderssaid.“Ihaveneversaiditbeforepublicly,”saidBorman,“butI’mjustproudthatIwasabletoflywiththesetwotalentedguys.Youdidareallygoodjob.”ThemenpointedacameraoutofthewindowofApollo8to______.

A.showthemoontotheworldB.readsomesentencestotheaudienceC.dosomeresearchintotheancientmoonD.recordwhattheyweredoinginthespacecraft解析:细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段中的“OnChristmasEve,theypointedaTVcameraoutofthewindowofApollo8andshowedaglobalaudienceof1billiontheancientmoonmovingslowlybelowtheirspaceship.”可知他们把照相机伸出Apollo8的窗外,是为了向世界展示月球。答案:A2.HowoldwasBillAnderswhenhereachedspace?A.27.B.30.C.35.D.50.解析:推理推断题。依据文章第四段“Evenfiftyyearslater,BormanandLovellcontinuedtoplayjokesonAnders,85then.”可知,甚至在50年后,Borman和Lovell仍旧接着拿当时已经85岁的Anders开玩笑。由此推断出,BillAnders到达太空时的年龄是:85-50=35,故选C。答案:C3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?A.Theflight. B.Earth.C.Thereading. D.Thepicture.解析:推理推断题。上文“Buttheastronautsdidcomehome,andintheprocesstheygavetheworldanothergift:thecelebratedphotographthatcametobeknownasEarthrise.”提到,宇航员们的确回家了,在这个过程中,他们给了世界另一份礼物——那张后来被称为《地出》的闻名的照片,由此推断出“it”指代的是上文提到的“照片”。答案:DⅤ.完形填空ItookanairplanetoBeijinginFebruary,onanAirCanadaBoeing777.1allwereseated,Iusedmycomputerforawhile.Aheadofmetomyright,akidwas2.

IwentuptoaChinesewoman.Shehadinherarmsakidthat3crying.Itoldthemotherthatthekidneededtobewalkedandthenshewould4andsleep.IknewthisbecauseIamafatheroffour5children.Thewoman,whowasfromNorthYork,saidshewastootiredasshehadbeen6thewholenightbefore.I7towalkthekidsoshecouldgetsomesleep.

AsItookthekidinmyarms,I8herforthekid’snameandage.Ithenstarted9walkinguptothefrontoftheeconomysection.Thekidimmediatelyfelltosleep.WhenIgotbacktothemother’s10,Ifoundherfastasleep.Ikeptwalkingforoversixhoursandwalkedslowly11.Sinceitwasa13-hourflight,IwalkedhalfwaytoChina—12akid.

Womenonboardwould13meduringmylongwalk,wantingtoseethekid.Onewomanaskedmesomequestionslike“Howmany14doyouhave?”“Four,”Isaid.Shelooked15atmywrinkled(有皱纹的)faceandwhitehair(Iwasalmost60)andsaid,“Well,Ihopethisisyour16one.”ShethoughtIwasMary’s17.Ijust18andwalkedon.

WhenIwasbacktothemother,themother19.IgaveMarybacktoher,who20soundasleep.

1.A.Before B.After C.Though D.Unless解析:大家都坐好后,“我”用了一会儿电脑。before在……之前;after在……之后;though尽管;unless除非。答案:B2.A.singing B.talking C.sleeping D.crying解析:依据下段中的“Shehadinherarmsakidthat3crying.”可知一个孩子在哭。sing唱歌;talk谈论;sleep睡觉;cry哭。

答案:D3.A.kept B.started C.practised D.stopped解析:结合语境可知,孩子始终在哭。keepdoingsth始终做某事。keep保持;start起先;practise练习;stop停止。答案:A4.A.breakdown B.goaheadC.settledown D.setoff解析:依据上文可知孩子始终在哭,所以“我”告知那位母亲,孩子须要有人抱着走走,然后她就会安心睡觉。breakdown发生故障;goahead前进,进行;settledown安定下来,用心于;setoff动身,引起。答案:C5.A.grown B.energetic C.curious D.slim解析:“我”知道须要抱着那个在哭的孩子走走,是因为“我”有阅历,“我”是四个成年孩子的父亲。grown成年的;energetic精力充足的;curious新奇的;slim苗条的。答案:A6.A.down B.back C.away D.up解析:依据“shewastootired”可知她前一晚都没睡。up表示“未上床”。答案:D7.A.deserved B.offered C.pretended D.agreed解析:“我”主动提出抱孩子走走,这样她就能睡一会儿了。deserve值得;offer主动提出;pretend假装;agree同意。offertodosth主动提出要做某事。答案:B8.A.requested B.commandedC.asked D.consulted解析:依据forthekid’snameandage可知是在“问”孩子的名字和年龄。request恳求;command吩咐;ask问;consult请教。答案:C9.A.sl