专题04  语法五年级英语寒假专项提升（外研版三起）

2023-2024学年五年级英语寒假专项提升（外研版三起）专题四语法复习指引语法知识一：一般过去时一般过去时的概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：lastyear,yesterday等。例：Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。一般过去时的结构：肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他例：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。例：Ididn'tknowyoulikecoffee.一般疑问句：①Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他?②Was/Were+主语+表语?例：-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?例：-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.语法知识二：规则动词过去式变化规则①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节(辅元辅结构),先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。语法知识三：Therebe句型Therebe句型的用法：表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。(单数is复数are)例：Thereisatableintheroom.房间里有一张桌子。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.树上有很多鸟。一、Therebe句型的结构1.常见句型结构：(一)Thereis+单数可数+地点状语例：Thereisaruleronthedesk.书桌上有一把尺。(二)Thereare+复数主语+地点状语例：Therearefourapplesonthetree.树上有四个苹果。Therearesomeflowersinthepark.公园里有许多花。(三)thereis+不可数名词+地点状语(即使有some也是单数)例：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可数名词)2.Therebe选择就近原则：Therebe句型的就近原则是Therebe句型中语法项目的重点考点。Therebe句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。如：Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.(解读：在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数apen,因此，be动词用单数is。)二、Therebe句型的疑问句及回答(一)Therebe句型的一般疑问句1.在“Thereis/are…”的一般疑问句中，要把Be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。(难点：句中出现的some要改成any。)2.肯定回答为：Yes,thereis/are.3.否定回答为：No,thereisn't/aren't.(二)Therebe句型的特殊疑问句Therebe句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：①对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\";当主语是物时，用\"What\'s+介词短语?\"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时却要根据实际情况来决定。②对地点状语提问：提问地点用"Whereis/are+主语?\"③对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?例：Howmanypeoplearethereinthepicture?Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?三、Therebe句型的否定形式否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可，isnot=isn't;arenot=aren't但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any.1.肯定：Thereisaknifeinthekitchen.否定：Thereisnotaknifeinthekitchen.2.肯定：Therearefiveapplesonthetree.否定：Therearenotfiveapplesonthetree.3.肯定：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.否定：Thereisnotanywaterinthebottle.4.肯定：Therearesomebirdssinginginthetree.否定：Therearenotanybirdssinginginthetree.语法知识四：情态动词一、情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。二、小学阶段需要掌握的知识点：1.can,could(过去式)Can+主语+动词原形?1)表示能力。Canyoudance?你会跳舞吗?CanyouspeakEnglish?你会讲英语吗?注：Can只有一般现在时和一般过去时。2)表示请求和允许。-Canlgoplay?我可以去玩吗?-Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。Therecanbeatleast50peopleinthisclassroom.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Canthisbetrue?Howcanthisbetrue?2.may,might1)表示请求和允许。●might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?我可以在这吸烟吗?-No,youmustn't.不，不可以。-May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?-Yes,youcan.(No,youcan't/mustn't.)●用Mayl…?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Canl…?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。●might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.3.mustMust+主语+动词原形?1)表示必须、必要。例：Youmustcomeintime.●在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准),而用needn't,don'thaveto(不必).-Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?-Yes,youmust.-No,youdon'thaveto/youneedn't.2)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1.You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.4.should,shouldn't表示劝告：Should+主语+动词原形?Should+主语+动词原形?1.Heshouldgetupearly.2.Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.5.Would表示建议“你愿意…吗”-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-Yes,I'dloveto./I'dloveto.ButI'mbusynow.真题回顾一、选择题。()1．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）I______myicecreamonyourshoesyesterday.A．drop B．droped C．dropped()2．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）Whatdidyoudo______theweekend?A．of B．in C．at()3．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）I______mypencil.CanIuseyourpencil,Lingling?A．lost B．need C．like()4．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）—Didyoubuy______applesforyourbrother,Xiaolin?—Yes,Idid.Helikesapplesverymuch.A．some B．a C．any()5．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）—Areyoufeelingbored?—______A．Yes,sheis. B．No,sheisn’t. C．Ofcoursenot.()6．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）Lingling______football.A．goodat B．isgoodat C．isgood()7．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）They______thereatteno’clockyesterday.A．arriving B．arrives C．arrived()8．（22-23上·宁夏固原·五年级校考期末）Mygrandmaboughtanewbook_________me.A．with B．for C．of()9．（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）Thelittleboycan’twalk.______fatherhelps______.A．He;him B．His;his C．His;him()10．（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）Youaregood______basketball.A．at B．on C．in二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。11．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）Hewants(be)inthefootballteam.12．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）Hecan’t(drive)acar.13．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）Didyou(meet)Johninthepark?14．（22-23上·江苏淮安·五年级统考期末）Please(sit)here.15．（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）Acatcanclimbtreesandcatch.(mouse)16．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Mygrandmaisillinhospital.NowIam(feel)sad.17．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Linglingisverygoodatbasketball.Shecan(catch)theballwell.18．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）Allofthemaredancing(happy).19．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）Hecancatchtheball(good).20．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）Look!He(hide)behindthedoor.三、（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）Sam给我们出了一道有趣的题，找朋友！你能找到正确的答语吗？A．No,sheisn’t.B．Ilostmynewruler.C．Yes,hecan.D．Onekilo.E．Shewenttothesupermarket.()21．Canhesingwell?()22．Isshegoodatdancing?()23．Howmuchmeatdidyoubuy?()24．What’sthematterwithyou,Sue?()25．WheredidAmygolastSunday?四、连词成句。26．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）only,

There,

are,

crayons,

nineteen(.)27．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）half,

get,

I,past,

at,

up,

seven(.)28．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）can,well,play,You,football(.)29．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）dropped,his,ice,He,the,cream,on,floor(.)30．（21-22上·四川广元·五年级统考期末）Mum,

T-shirt,

bought,

a,

new,

me,

for

(.)五、句型转换。31．（22-23上·吉林长春·五年级校考期末）Canyoujumphigh?(否定回答)No,.32．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Ishefeelingangry?(做否定回答),he.33．（21-22上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Ifoundthebaginthelivingroom.(对画线部分提问)didyouthebag?34．（21-22上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Hefeelsangry.(对画线部分提问)doeshe?35．（21-22上·辽宁朝阳·五年级统考期末）Therearemonkeysinthezoo.(改为一般疑问句)六、（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）补全对话。A．Somenewbooksandabluehat.A．Somenewbooksandabluehat.B．Wheredidyouloseit?C．Ilostmybag.D．Isthisyourbag?E．Whatcolourisit?Attheschoollost-and-foundMsWang:CanIhelpyou?Becky:36

MsWang:37

Becky:Ontheschoolbus.

MsWang:38

Becky:It’sblackandwhite.MsWang:Whatwereinit?Becky:39

MsWang:40Becky:Yes,itis.Thankyou.MsWang:You’rewelcome!七、（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）排序题。41．()It’shalfpastsix.()Whattimeisitnow,Jim?(5)Let’sturnontheTVnow.()Really?Ilikeanimals.()ThereisaTVshowaboutanimalsathalfpastseven.()OK.八、（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）根据表格内容判断句子的正(T)误(F)。LucyisinZhengzhou,shewillgotoLuoyangforthesummervacation.Hereisthetrainticket.G7253Zhengzhou

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LuoyangStartDate：July16th,2022Time:9:00am—9:35amPrice:¥46Platform:3Seat:05B()42．LucywillgotoZhengzhouforhersummervacation.()43．LucywilltakethetrainG7253.()44．ItwilltakeLucyfortyminutesfromZhengzhoutoLuoyang.()45．ItwilltakeLucy46yuanfromZhengzhoutoLuoyang.()46．Lucycantakeherseatat05A．九、（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级统考期末）仿写。例:1.Igetupatsixo’clock.47．48．49．50．51．提升训练一、选择题。()1．Thisoldmanis______.Hecan’thear.A．blind B．deaf C．happy()2．—______pupilsarethereinyourclass?—Fifty.A．How B．Howmany C．What()3．DidSam______backyesterday?A．came B．comes C．come()4．Daming______goodatskippinginthepast.A．am B．was C．is()5．Iwasillyesterday.NowIfeel______.A．hurry B．better C．happy()6．School______ateighto’clockinthemorning.A．starts B．start C．starting()7．Thisis________grandma.A．Amy B．Amys C．Amy’s()8．How________facescanyousee?A．much B．many C．old()9．Theboycan’tfindhismother,he’s________.A．cry B．cries C．crying()10．Weoftengotoschool________eighto’clockinthemorning.A．at B．in C．on二、请根据相应的对话内容，选出相应的答语。A．Yes,Ido.B．No,youdidn’t.C．Thereareforty.D．No,Ican’t.E．Yes,Iam.()11．Canyouplaybasketball?()12．Doyouwanttobeinourteam?()13．Areyougoodatfootball?()14．Howmanypupilsarethereinyouclass?()15．DidIlosemyEnglishbook?三、选出符合句意的图片。A．

B．

C．

D．

E.()16．Thereareonlyfivechairsintheclassroom.()17．Yourredsweaterisontheline.()18．TheywenttoBeijingbytrain.()19．Wearrivedthereatteno’clock.()20．Iboughtsomebananasatthesupermarket.四、选词填空。21．WheredidyouLingling?(find/found)22．Areyoubored?(feeling/feel)23．Dogsarevery.(use/useful)24．walkonthegrass.(Do/Don’t)25．Shedidn’tashirtforherson.(buy/bought)26．Don’t(jump/jumping)onthebed.27．—Wheredidyou(find/found)Lingling?—Ifoundherinthekitchen.28．Myschool(start/starts）atnineo’clockinthemorning.29．Don’t(ran/run)ontheroad!30．I(listen/listened)tomusiclastnight.五、连词成句。31．twenty,thereare,intheclass,children,but(.)32．Mum,a,T-shirt,bought,new,for,me(.)33．did,do,you,what,attheweekend(?)34．Howmuch,you,buy,did,juice(?)35．are,the,Your,line,T-shirts,on(.)六、句型转换。36．WeplayedfootballlastSunday.(对画线部分提问)didyoulastSunday?37．Whatdidyoubuyyesterday?(用fivepears回答)38．Thereisoneinthebox.(改为否定句)oneinthebox.39．Twentyfaceswecansee.(对画线部分提问)canyousee?40．IwenttoShanghaionmyholiday.(对画线部分提问)goonyourholiday?七、选择合适的单词，补全短文。wear

washed

looked

was

hadIt41sunnyandhotyesterday.Sally’sfamily42apicnicinthepark.Sallywantedto43hernewshorts.Shelikesthemverymuch.Butshecouldn’tfindthem.Becausehermum44them.Andtheywereontheline.ThensheworeherwhiteskirtandheryellowT-shirt.They45beautiful.八、阅读理解。LastweekYangyangwenttoDalianwithhermother.Theywentbyplane.Theyvisitedlotsofplaces.Theytookaboattripalongtheriver.Ittookthemthreehoursandthirtyminutes.Theyboughtalotofchocolate.Theyhadagoodday.()46．Theyvisited______.A．lotsofplaces B．BigBen C．LondonEye D．park()47．Howdidtheygothere?A．Bytrain. B．Bybus. C．Byplane. D．Bycar.()48．Yangyangbought______lastweek.A．cheese B．chocolate C．juice D．fruit()49．Ittookthem______.A．3时12分B．3时30分C．2时20分50．画线句子的意思：九、仿照示例写句子。例：(13books,desk)Therearethirteenbooksonthedesk.51．(18children,classroom)52．(16footballs,box)53．(14birds,tree)参考答案：真题回顾1．C2．C3．A4．C5．C6．B7．C8．B9．C10．A11．to