新一代大学英语（第二版）综合教程2 教案 Unit 3 Evolving technology；Unit 4 On the road

新一代大学英语（第二版）综合教程新一代大学英语（第二版）综合教程2教师用书PAGEPAGE1Unit3EvolvingtechnologyiPrepareAboutthetopicThisunitintroducessomecutting-edgetechnologicaladvancementsinChina,whichbridgeChina’srichhistoricallegacyandmoderninnovations.ItaimstoimproveSs’scientificliteracybyencouragingthemtoexplorethedevelopmentandextensiveapplicationsofartificialintelligencetechnology,aswellasChina’sconstanttechnologicalinnovationsinthepastandatpresent.SswillbemoreconfidentintalkingaboutadvancementsintechnologybylearningabouttheinherentspiritofinnovationandexplorationinChineseculturesinceancienttimes.Theywillalsoexpandtheirknowledgeofthecountry’slatesttechnologicaldevelopments.objectivesUponcompletionofthisunit,TisexpectedtoenableSsto:Objectivestalkabouttechnologicaldevelopmentusingnewvocabulary(iExplore1)Reading(iExplore1&2)startanessaywithaneffectivehookReadingtext(iExplore1)Sharpeningyourskills(iExplore1)discusshowtechnologicaladvancementsechotheaspirationsofancientpeopleaboutChina(iExplore1)talkabouttheimpactoftechnologicalachievementsontheirlivesReadingtext(iExplore2)Sharingyourideas(iExplore2)introduceoneofChina’stechnologicalachievementsrelatedtothedreamsofourancestorsiProduceiExplore1ViewingScriptgenerallythoughtthatthemachinesinourliveswereinventedinmoderntimes.Butisthistrue?newdiscoveriesabouttheancientworldareforcingustorethinkthedevelopmentofmechanicalscience.Andwhatwearediscoveringisleadingscholarstorewritethehistorybooks.ThesearethemachinesofancientChina.wearediscoveringthatmanyoftheinventionsthatshapeourmodernworldhavetheirrootsinthisremarkableorientalcivilization.Thisisaseismograph,anearthquake-detectingmachine.ItwasdesignedandbuiltbythemasterinventorZhangHeng.InthesecondcenturyAD,hedesignedHoufengDidongyi–themachinefordetectingtheshakingoftheEarth.Theseismographisn’tquiteasmodernaninventionaspeopleperceive.Itwasinvented2,000yearsagoinChina.Zhanginventionwasprobablysomethinglike1,600yearsaheadofwhatwasdoneintheBesides,anotherdiscoveryfromancientChinathatisvitaltousoildrilling,atechnologythatisveryimportantto(the)powersourceofthemodernworld.wethinkthatitwasmodernengineerswhoinventeddeepdrillingtechnology.thetechniquesusedinacquiringsuppliesofoilandnaturalgaswereactuallyreinventedfromthoseoftheChinese2,000yearsago.Usingthesedrillingtechniques,workerswereabletoreachthedepthsoftheEarthwherenaturalgasandoilwereattheirrichest.ExamplesoftheseancientindustrialmachinesstillexistinsomeregionsofChinaAttheheightoftheSongDynastyinthe11thcentury,hugecitieshadbeguntodevelop.Theyrequiredautomatedmachinesthatcouldincreasetheoutputofproduction.Onesuchancientindustrialmachinerecentlydiscoveredisthehydraulictriphammer.Atthetime,thismachinewasusedtonotonlycrushgrainbuttopoundmetalinmetalworkshops,justaswhatisstilldoneTheextraordinarythingaboutthistypeofancientChinesegear-poweredwatermillisthatitusedtechnologynottobeseenagainfornearlyathousandyears.archaeologicalinvestigationshaveforcedustoadmitthatmanyoftheinventionsthatwerelyontodaycomefromthegreatmindsofancientChina.Referenceanswers1developmentshape1,600yearspowersourceoutput2Besidesthemechanicalinnovations,ancientChinahadmaderemarkableachievementsinmanyotherfields,forexample,astronomy(天文学)andpharmacology(药物学).AmongthefamousastronomicachievementsinancientChinaisDivinationsbyAstrologicalandMeteorologicalPhenomena(《天文气象杂占》).ItisanancientsilkmanuscriptonastronomyandmeteorologycompiledbyChineseastronomersbeforetheHanDynasty.Regardedasthefirstdefinitiveatlasofcomets(彗星),itrecordedobservationsof29comets.Chineseastronomerswerealsothefirsttorecordobservationsofasupernova(超新星),thefirstbeingtheSN185,recordedinthe2ndcentury.TheancientChinesehadalsomadegreatachievementsinpharmacology,oneimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ThemostfamousworkofancientpharmacologyisBencaoGangmu,writtenbyLiShizhenduringtheMingDynasty.The52-volumebookcontainsnotonlydescriptionsof1,892medicineswithillustrationsbutalsoover11,000prescriptions.Itisbelievedtoheraldthedawnofmodernpharmacologicalstudies.Thebookhasbeentranslated,whollyorinpart,intoJapanese,English,German,French,Latin,Russian,andsomeotherlanguages,andenjoysrecognitionallovertheworld.ReadingCulturenotes1 Liezi(《列子》)LieziisatextattributedtoLie(列御寇),aphilosopherintheStatesperiod.Itcontains8chapters,eachincludingmanyfables,legends,andstories.ThestoryofShiisfromthechapterentitled(theQuestionsofKingofShang).ExtensiveRecordsoftheEra(《太平广记》)ExtensiveRecordsoftheEraisalargecollectionandcompilationofstoriesandanecdotescompiledduringtheearlySongDynasty,completedin978.ItprovidesamodelandcreativematerialforsubsequentworksofclassicalChinesefiction,offeringawealthofready-madestoriesandresourcesforthecreationofpopularfictionandstorytelling.Additionally,itpreservedavastamountofinvaluableresearchmaterialforthestudyofthehistoryofChinesefiction.X-ray,MRI,andCTscanMRI,andCTscanareadvancedmedicalimagingtechnologiesusedtovisualizetheinsideofthehumanX-rayisusedprimarilyforimagingbonesanddetectingissueslikefracturesorlungproblems.MRI(magneticresonanceimaging)providesdetailedimagesofsofttissues,suchasthebrainandmuscles,andisusefulfordiagnosingconditionsliketumorsorneurologicaldisorders.CT(computedtomography)scanusesaseriesofX-raysandacomputertocreatedetailedcross-sectionalviewsoftheincludingbones,bloodvessels,andsofttissues,helpingtodetectawiderangeofconditionsquickly.LanguagepointsArtificialintelligence(AI)hascapturedtheattentioninthe21stcentury.(Para.1)captureattention/imagination/interesttomakesb.feelveryinterestedinsth.引起（注意、想象、兴趣）e.g.Thethought-provokingquestioncapturedtheattentiontheverybeginning.However,people’saspirationstoinventautonomoustoolsandrobotscanbetracedbacktoancienttimes.(Para.1)aspirationn.[C,usu.pl.,U]astrongdesiretohaveorachievesth.强烈愿望；志向；抱负e.g.Heraspirationtobecomeascientistmotivatedhertostudyhard.Theiraspirationforreachingthepeakofthemountainpushesthemtoovercomeeverychallenge.tracevt.tofindtheoriginsofwhensth.beganorwhereitcamefrom追溯；追查e.g.Scientiststracedtheoutbreakofthediseasetocontaminatedwatersourcesintheregion.Theseimaginativetalesofintelligentrobotsechopeople’sdesiretoalleviatetheburdensoflaborandunlockthepotentialofartificialhands.(Para.3)echovt.torepeatanideaoropinionbecauseyouagreewithite.g.Hisspeechechoedtheconcernsofmanycitizens.vi.ifasoundechoes,youhearitagainbecauseitwasmadenearsth.suchasawallorhill（声音）回响；发出回声e.g.Hervoiceechoedthroughtheemptyhall.alleviatevt.tomakesth.lesspainfulordifficulttodealwith减轻，缓和（痛苦或困难）e.g.Thenewpolicyaimstoalleviatepovertyinruralareas.unlockvt.ifyouunlockthepotentialorthesecretsofsth.orsb.,youreleasethem发掘e.g.Theunlocksthepotentialofrenewablepavingthewayforacleanerfuture.ChinahastakencenterstageamongglobalplayersintherapidlyevolvingfieldofAI.(Para.4)centerstagen.[U]animportantpositionwheresb.orsth.caneasilygetpeople’sattention重要位置；中心；核心e.g.Theissueofclimatechangehastakencenterstageinglobalconversations.Atthethescientistwhowontheawardwasgivencenterstagetodeliverherspeech.playern.oneoftheimportantpeople,companies,countries,etc.thatisinvolvedinandinfluencesasituation,esp.oneinvolvingcompetition（重要的）参与者，竞争者e.g.Thecompanyhasestablisheditselfasacompetitiveplayerintheelectricvehicleindustry.OneofthefieldswhereChinahasmadesignificantstridesintheapplicationofAIishealthcare.(Para.5)striden.[C]animprovementinthewaysth.isdeveloping进展；进步；发展e.g.Theteamhasmadeimpressivestridesindevelopingnewtreatmentsforthedisease.Witheachstrideintechnology,wegetclosertosolvingtheworld’senergychallenges.AnotherrecentdevelopmentisthelaunchofAIdoctors.(Para.5)launchn.[usu.sing.]theactionoflaunchingsth.;aneventatwhichsth.islaunchede.g.Thelaunchofthenewelectriccarsparkedgreatenthusiasmattheautoshow.vt.tomakeaproductavailabletothepublicforthefirsttime发行e.g.Thetechcompanyplanstolaunchitslatestsmartphonemodelnextmonth.NewlydevelopedmapappswithAIcansuggestreal-timeshadedroutesbyanalyzingtreedistributiondensityandcalculatinglightandshadowconditions,thusimprovingpedestriancomfort,especiallyduringthehotsummermonths.(Para.6)real-timea.(onlybeforenoun)areal-timecomputersystemdealswithinformationasfastasitreceivesit（计算机系统）即时处理的，实时的e.g.Theweatherappoffersreal-timealertsaboutsevereconditions,ensuringusersstayinformedandsafe.n.[U]thefactthatthereisonlyaveryshorttimebetweenacomputersystemreceivinginformationanddealingwithit实时e.g.Thesmarthomesystemadjuststemperaturesettingsinrealtimebasedonweatherchanges.句中byanalyzing…andcalculating…为方式状语，thusimproving…为结果状语。主句说明地图应用的核心功能，方式状语补充说明地图应用如何实现这一功能，而结果状语强调地图应用的功能带来的积极效果。Paraphrase:ThemapappsdevelopedrecentlyarepoweredbyAI.Theycananalyzethedensityoftreesalongstreetsandassessthelevelsoflightandshadowondifferentroutes.Basedonthisanalysis,theyprovidereal-timesuggestionsforshadedpathstohelppeopleavoidstrongsunlight.Thisfeaturecanenhancepeople’scomfortwhentheywalkonthestreets,especiallyinthehotsummer.Forinstance,ride-hailingplatformsusebigdataandAIalgorithmstopredictcongestionpatterns,adjustpricinginrealtime,andimprovetheefficiencyofmatchingsupplyanddemand.(Para.6)pricingn.[U]theactofdecidingthepriceofsth.thatyousell定价；作价；计价e.g.pricingbuildstrustwithcustomersandencouragesrepeatpurchases.“Congestionpatterns”referstothepredictabletrendsintrafficflowwheretrafficjamsmayoccurinspecificareasoratcertaintimes,suchasduringrush-hourtrafficonweekdays,nearbusinessdistricts,orduetoaccidents,roadworks,orweatherconditions.“Adjustingpricing”referstohowride-hailingplatformsadjustthecostofridesinrealtimebasedoncurrentdemandanddriveravailability.Forexample,pricesmayincreaseduringrushhourorbadweather,ordropwhentherearemoredriversthanriders.“Matchingsupplyanddemand”meansefficientlyconnectingavailabledrivers(supply)withriders(demand)tominimizeriders’waitingtimesanddrivers’idletimes.Forexample,bydynamicallyadjustingtrafficsignalsbasedonreal-timetrafficintelligentfacilitiesinBeijinghavereducedqueuelengthsbyover30%.(Para.6)dynamicallyad.inawaythatiscontinuouslychangingordevelopingasasituationchanges不断发展地；动态变化地e.g.Themusicplaylistchangesdynamically,offeringnewsongsbasedonyourlisteninghistory.“Byover30%”isusedtoshowthedegreeofreduction.Herearemoreexamplesofthisusage:Thetemperaturedroppedby10degreesovernight.Thecustomersatisfactionratingincreasedby15%aftertheserviceimprovements.Paraphrase:Forinstance,intelligentsystemsinBeijingcananalyzereal-timetrafficdataandinstantlyadjustthetimingoftrafficlights.Byoptimizingsignaltiming,vehiclesspendlesstimewaitingatredlights,resultinginshorterqueuesandsmoothertrafficTheycanadapttoeachstudent’spaceandcomprehensionlevel,helpingstrugglingstudentscatchupwhilechallengingadvancedlearners.(Para.7)pacen.[sing.,U]thespeedatwhichsth.happens发生的速度；步伐；节奏e.g.Shepreferstoworkatherownpace,takingbreakswhenevershefeelstheneed.Paraphrase:Afterevaluatinghowquicklyastudentlearnsandhowwelltheyunderstandthelearningmaterials,thesystemscanaccordinglyhelpstudentswhohavedifficultyinlearningcatchupwithotherstudentsandgivehardertaskstostudentswhoperformwell.Suchinnovationscancaterforspecificlearningstylesandincreasemanystudents’productivity.(Para.7)caterfortoprovidepeoplewitheverythingtheywantorneed为…提供服务；满足…的需要e.g.Theschoolcanteencatersforavarietyofdietaryneeds.Hangzhou,forinstance,hasdevelopedanAIlaboratoryforenvironmentalmonitoring,whichispartofapilotsmart-monitoringplaninitiatedbyMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment. (Para.9)pilota.(onlybeforenoun)doneonasmallscaleinordertoseeifsth.issuccessfulenoughtodoonalargescale试验性的；试点的e.g.Theschoolisrunningapilotcourseforstudentsinterestedinartificialintelligence.句中which引导的定语从句修饰anAIlaboratory；initiatedbyChina’sMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment是过去分词短语，修饰plan。ThiscommitmenthasresultedinChinabeinghometosomeoftheleadingAIresearchinstitutionsandcompanies.ThecountrycreatesanecosystemthatattractstopAItalentfromaroundtheglobeandfurtherpropelsrapidadvancement.(Para.10)Theword“home”metaphoricallymeanstheplacewheretheinstitutionsandcompaniesarelocatedorbased.“Ecosystem”originallymeans“alltheplantsandlivingcreaturesinaparticularareaconsideredinrelationtotheirphysicalenvironment.”HereitreferstoasupportiveandinterconnectedenvironmentornetworkthatfostersgrowthanddevelopmentofAI.句中Chinabeinghometo…为动名词形式，做resultin的宾语；that引导anattracts和propels。Paraphrase:ChinaiscommittedtothedevelopmentofAI.Asaresult,someofthemostimportantandinfluentialorganizationsintheworldthatfocusonAIresearchanddevelopmentareexpandingtheirkeybusinessesinChina.ThiscountryhascreatedathrivingenvironmentforAIdevelopment,whichattractsskilledprofessionalsandAIexpertscomingtoworkinChina.TheycontributetotherapidadvancementofAItechnologybothinChinaandReferenceanswersUnderstandingthetext1medicalimagespracticaldiagnosesTransportationshadedroutestransportationservicesEducationtutoringsystemssmartfactoriesenvironmentalmonitoring21 Artificialhands,orrobotictools,havethepotentialtoautomatelabor-intensivetasks.Inthefuture,theymayperformtaskswithhighprecision,dorepetitiveorhazardouswork,andoperateinenvironmentschallengingforhumans.Forexample,surgicalrobotsinhospitalscanhelpdoctorsperformsuper-precisesurgeries;infactories,robotscanworkonassemblylineswithouttheriskofinjury;theycanevenworkinhotortoxicareasthatareunsafeforhumans.2Advantages:AIdoctorscandiagnosediseaseswithhighaccuracy.Theycanavoidhumanerrorscausedbyfatigue,carelessness,orlackofknowledge.AIcanprocessvastamountsofmedicalinformationquicklyandthereforeitcanhavehigherefficiencythanhumans.Patientsdon’thavetowaitlongfortestresultsordiagnosis.AIdoctorscanbeavailableallthetimewithoutfeelingtired.Theycanprovidemedicalsupportatanytime,ensuringpatientsreceivetimelytreatment.Disadvantages:AIdoctorsdon’thavetheempathyoremotionalunderstandingofhumandoctors,whichmayleadtoinadequatecommunicationwithpatientsoralackofmutualunderstanding.AlthoughAIcanhandlecommonconditionswell,itmightstrugglewithmorecomplexorunusualcasesthatrequirehumanjudgmentorexperience.accuracydependsonthequalityandquantityofdataitistrainedon.Ifthereisinsufficientdataorincorrectdata,AImightmakemistakes.I’veusedAI-poweredtutoringsystemsinlearningEnglish,likeU-Campus.Icandoexercisesonitandgetreal-timefeedback.ThereisevenanAIcompanionthathelpsmepracticeoralEnglishandanswersmyquestionswhenIencounterdifficulties.I’vealsousedanAI-drivenplatformthathelpsmewithmywriting.WhenIsubmitmywriting,itgivesmeanevaluationandsuggestionsforimprovement.SomeoftheAIapplicationsthatbenefithumanityincludethefollowing.Disasterresponse:AIassistsinpredictingnaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakes,floods,andhurricanes.Itenablesfasterandmoreeffectiveemergencyresponseandresourceallocation.Agriculture:AIenhancescropmanagement,pestcontrol,andresourceoptimization,whichhelpsfarmersincreaseyieldsandreducewastewhilepromotingsustainablepractices.Accessibility:AI-poweredtoolslikespeech-to-text,text-to-speech,andimagerecognitionimproveaccessibilityforpeoplewithdisabilities,enablingthemtocommunicateandinteractwiththeworldmoreeasily.Exercisesonline PAGEPAGE103Readthetextandidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.AI-drivenenvironmentalmonitoringenhancestheeffectivenessofnaturalresourcesmanagement.China’sadvancementsinAIhavefar-reachingimplicationsnotonlyforthecountrybutalsofortherestoftheworld.AI-poweredmapappsanalyzeenvironmentalfactorstorecommendshadedroutesforpeoplewalkingonthestreet.Inancientbookstherearestoriesofhumanlikerobotscapableofdoingthingsforhumans.China’scommitmenttoAIdevelopmentattractsglobalAItalentandpropelsrapidadvancementsinthefield.AIisincreasinglyintegratedintoChina’smanufacturingindustry,leadingtothedevelopmentofsmartfactories.AIalgorithmscanofferpracticaldiagnosesinrealmedicalsettingsandfacilitatetheentiremedicalprocess.ReferenceanswersPara.9Para.11Para.6Para.2Para.10Para.8Para.5Sharpeningyourskills1 TheuseofAIinEducationImagineaclassroomwhereeverystudenthasapersonaltutor–onethatisnevertired,adaptslessonsinrealtimetomatchthestudents’learningpace,andprovidesinstantfeedbackoneveryattempt.Thisisnotsciencefiction.ExpertspredictthatAItoolswillbeintegratedintoschoolsworldwideinthenearfuture.Whattransformationwillthisbringtoeducation?SpaceexplorationInChina,thetaleofChang’eiswellknown.Accordingtothelegend,Chang’eascendedtothemoonaftereatingmagicpills.Thismythreflectshumanity’sfascinationwiththemoonandthecosmos.China’slunarexplorationmissions,namedafterthislegendaryfigure,havetransformedancientdreamsintoremarkablemodernachievements.FromthemythicalstoryofChang’eflyingtothemoontothegroundbreakingmissionsoftheChang’espacecraft,China’sjourneyinspaceexplorationstandsasatestamenttotheenduringpowerofdreamsandinnovation.AutonomousvehiclesBy2030,autonomousdrivingisexpectedtoaccountforapproximately13%ofthetotalpassengerkilometerstraveled(PKMT).Whatdoesthismeanforthefutureoftransportation?Whatifyourmorningcommutewasaseffortlessasenteringyourdestinationintoyourphoneandrelaxingwhileyourcartakesyouthere?Thisvisionofthefutureiscloserthanyouthink.Buildingyourlanguageandexpressions11a2b3b4a5a6b7b2capturetheyoungergeneration’sattentioncanbetracedbacktoisequippedwithismakingstridesstandsattheforefrontofowesagreatdealtoCollocationsreal-timefeedbackembracetheinnovationalleviatinganxiety/painsreal-timedataalleviatingtheburdenembraceacultureVocabularylearningstrategiesthatdescribeintelligenttechnologicalfeaturesExercisesonlineCompletethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.Sometimes,morethanonewordispossible.AI-powereddata-drivengenerativeintelligentinteractivesmartvirtualvoice-activatedThe systeminmyhomeadjuststhelightingandtemperaturebasedonmydailyhabits.Manybusinessesnowuse toolstoanalyzevastamountsofcustomerdataandoptimizemarketingstrategies.Themuseum’snewexhibituses realitytotransportvisitorstoancientivilitions.uroieussn) ssistnttoangemtingsndsndmindsutomtill. Imodlsnatelistictnddsignsomsimpletxtinputs.6ThenwTVinthelivingoomis ,mningitnmttheviouspsonlizdndsofuss.Inontolthe nvigtionsstminmyrithsimpleods,hihmksdivingmuhsr.Thesturntussn) mnu,nblingustomstousethetouhsentoviwoptionsndodrthirood.feneanss1intllint/smt/-poeed2dtdrivnvitul-powed/smt/intllint5nrtive6smt/intllent7voiativtd8intctiveGrammarandstructureThepassivevoiceExercisesonlineCompletethesentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish.Artificialintelligence(AI)technology (已在许多领域得到应用),anditisnowplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinissuesofpublicinterest.Theconstructionofalargedatabaseistheresultoftheeffortsofmanyparties;it (一个人是无法完成的).Anautomatedresponse (可以生成)basedontheinformationthat (输入系统),ensuringthatcustomersreceivetimelyandaccuratefeedback.Thetaskofwashingclothes (已经由洗衣机接手),whichhasfreetimeforotheractivities.Whenthetextbookcontentisvisualized,thesomewhatboringprocessoflearninginclass (转变为有趣的事情),helpingstudentsgainabetterunderstanding.Referenceanswershasbeenappliedinmanyfieldscannotbecompletedbyonepersonalonecanbecreated/generated;isenteredintothesystem4hasbeentakenonbythewashingmachine5istransformedintoafunactivityBankedclozeperformedcaptureembracealgorithmsintegrationenhanceautomatedsectorsscenariosprevalentTranslationInChina,mobilepaymenthasbecomeprevalent.Peoplecaneasilypayonlineorofflineforvariousexpenses,suchasshopping,transportation,anddining,simplybyscanningQRcodesthroughsmartphoneapplications.Moreover,facialrecognitionpayment,poweredbyAIandmachinevisiontechnology,hasfurtheroptimizedthepaymentprocess,enhancingbothefficiencyandtransactionsecurity.aboutChina1 Thename“Lanyue”comesfromapoemwrittenbyChairmanMaoZedongin1965,titled“ShuiDiaoGeRevisitingJinggangshan”(《水调歌头·重上井冈山》).Inthispoem,ChairmanMaocelebratestheprogressandtransformationofthelandscape,conveyshisdeterminationtoovercomechallenges,andemphasizeshowperseveranceandambitioncanturnadversityintoopportunity.Theimageryofthemoonandtheseaintheline(translatedas“wecanbringdownthemoonfromtheninthheaven,orcatchthegiantturtlesinthesea”)symbolizesthebeliefthatdeterminationmakesanythingpossible.水调歌头·重上井冈山有潺潺流水，高路入云端。过了黄洋界，险处不须看。下五洋捉鳖，谈笑凯歌还。世上无难事，只要肯登攀。2 ThesepoemsnotonlyreflecttheancientChinesepeople’sromanticimaginationabouttheMoonandtheuniverse,butalsotheirlongingtoexploretheunknownworld.Thisaspirationhasbeenrealizedinmodernspaceendeavors.3 Themostfamouspoeticdescriptionoftheuniverseis“Heavenlyquestions”or“Askingheaven”,aprofoundpoemwrittenbyQuInthispoem,heposesmorethan100questions,exploringawiderangeoftopics,includingthecreationoftheuniverseandthemovementsofcelestialbodies.Itisnotonlyaliterarymasterpiecebutalsoasignificantworkofintellectualinquiry.Ithasinspiredgenerationsofscholarsandpoetstoasksimilarquestionsabouttheworldaroundthem.Inmoderntimes,thepoemhasbeenrecognizedasasymbolofhumanity’senduringquestforknowledge.Forexample,China’splanetaryexplorationmissionsarenamed“Tianwen”,directlydrawinginspirationfromthispoemandhighlightingthenation’srelentlesspursuitofscientificdiscoveryandexploration.WhenitcomestospecifictechnologiesrootedintheimaginationofancientChinesepeople,oneexampleisaircraft,whichcanbefoundinmythsas“cloud-riding”(腾云驾雾).In“Sorrowafterdeparture”(《离骚》),Quwrites,“Aflyingdragondrivesthechariot,brightwithjadeandivorywrought.”(为余驾飞龙兮，杂瑶象以为车)Thisreflectstheancientimaginationofsoaringthroughtheskieswiththehelpofadragon.Similarly,alegendary“woodenbird,”saidtoflyforseveraldayswithoutlanding,wasrecordedinMoziTheseimaginativeideascanbeseenasearlyexpressionsofthehumandesireforflight.theseancientdreamshavebecomearealitywiththedevelopmentofmodernaviationtechnology.Airplanesandspacecraftnowenablehumanstotravelintheskiesandevenventureintoouterspace,fulfillingtheage-oldaspirationofflyingabovetheEarth.Anotherexampleistheideaof“instantcommunication”describedinsomeancienttexts.Inmyths,godsorimmortalscouldaccessinformationinstantly(千andcommunicateacrossvastdistancesinaninstant.ThishasbeenrealizedinmoderntimesthroughtheinventionoftheInternetandtelecommunicationtechnology.Peoplecannowcommunicatewithothersacrosstheglobeinrealtime.Intherealmoftravel,ancientChinesepeoplehadthedesireofowningahorsecapableoftravelingathousandmilesinasingleday(千里马).Thisancientimaginationhasbeenbroughttolifewithmodernhigh-speedrailtechnology,whichcanreachspeedsexceeding350kilometersperhour,significantlyreducingtraveltime.High-speedtrainsmakeitpossibletocoverlongdistancesinafractionofthetimeitoncetook.iExplore2ReadingCulturenotesCameraobscuraCameraobscurareferstoadevice,shapedlikeaboxoraroom,whichallowsthelighttoenterthroughasmallopeningononesideandprojectsanimageontotheoppositesurface.Theimageproducedbyacameraobscuraappearsupsidedownbecauselighttravelsinstraightlinesfromitssource.TheearliestrecordedmentionoftheprinciplesbehindthecameraobscuracanbetracedbacktoMozi(476-390B.C.),anancientChinesephilosopher.HighvoltagetransmissionHighvoltagetransmissionisatechnologyusedtotransportelectricityoverlongdistancesathighvoltagelevels,minimizingenergylossintheprocess.Itfacilitatestheconnectionbetweenremotepowergenerationfacilitiesandurbanareaswithhighelectricitydemands.TianzhoumissionsTheTianzhoumissionsrefertoaseriesofChinesecargospaceshipsdesignedtotransportsupplies,fuel,andexperimentalequipmenttotheTiangongspacestation.Thesespacecraftarecapableofautonomousdockingwiththespacestation.AsanessentialpartofChina’smannedspaceflightprogram,theyplayacriticalroleinsupportinglong-termoperationsandscientificresearchinorbit.LanguagepointsThiswasnotjustanybridge.ItwastheZhaozhouBridge,completedin605,theearliestandbest-preservedopen-spandrelstonearchbridgeintheworld.(Para.1)notjustanyusedtoshowthatsb.orsth.isspecial非一般的；不寻常的e.g.notjustanyathlete;anOlympicchampion.preservevt.totakecareofaplaceorbuildinginordertopreventitfrombeingharmedordestroyed保护，维护，保养（某场所或建筑物）e.g.needtopreservetheforest.Actionhasbeentakentopreservehistoricallyimportantbuildingsinthedowntownarea.名词短语theearliestandbest-preservedopen-spandrelstonearchbridgeintheworld是同位语，对t