破碎粉磨设备的磨损与耐磨材料的发展中英文翻译、外文文献翻译、外文翻译

Brokenequipmentwearandwear-resistingmaterialFenmodevelopmentAbstracttartingfromwearinghilureanalysis，theauthorintroducesthestructureandshape，mutualmatchingrelation，manutacturingengineeringofwear—resistingmaterisls，qualitycontrolandapplica—tioncharacteristicsofdamageablepartsincrushingandgrindingsystemandenumerateschemicalcornportentsandmechanicalpropertiesoftypicalwear-resistingmaterialsathomeandabroad．Thedevelopmeritofwear—resistingmaterialsisalsogiveninthisarticle．KeyWords：crushing，grinding，damageableparts，wear-resistingmaterials1IntroductionMetallurgicalmining,buildingmaterials,thermalpowergeneration,chemical,coal,andotherindustrialsectors,theneedforvariousbrokenFenmoequipment.Thesepiecesofequipmentvulnerablegroupsaffectedbytheground,tryingprotected,materialwearandtear,theannualconsumptionofthemetal.Forfeedingtothecementindustry,1994productionof405milliontonsofcementnationwide.BallmillChenbancategory,Breakerscategorydepletionofmetalabout300~350g/tcement;Mostmedium(ball,above)500g/tcement,suchasyoungas1994onthecementindustryconsumed120000tChenbantypemetal,grindingbodies2omore.Accordingtorelevantstatistics,black,coloredmetalminesexertionmore,theNationalexertionBreakers,ballmillliningprotectedmetalabout50000t,about130kmmediummetalwithatotalvalueof80billion.Materialconsumptionisreflectedinenergyconsumption,thussavingenergyandreducingconsumptionofmaterialsmetalsanimportantaspectofaverycleareconomicandsocialbenefits.Atthesametimeasaresultofthereplacementofforcedrelocationofparkingtimeinthecementindustryaboutthetotalparkingtime55~50,representinganincreaseofwearandtearofequipmentmaintenanceworkload60~65,withbrokenequipmentcraftsFenmorapiddevelopmentoftechnology,withincreasinglylarge-scaleequipmentdevelopmentanduseofnewwear-resistingmaterialgrowingimportance.2brokenFenmoequipmentwearandtearFenmobrokenequipmentwearandtearcanbedividedintointernalfactorsandexternalfactors.Internalfactorsincludethequalityofmaterialsmetallurgy,chemicalcomposition,metallographyandmechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsIexternalfactorsincludingthehardnessandtoughness,sizeandedgesandcornersRuiduoetc.Sizepiecesdependingonwhetherthematerialdurableresistancetowearandtearabilitytoresistfatiguewearcapacity-lungmachineandploughscutcapacity.ThesizeofseveralmajorpiecesofequipmentbrokenFenmowearasummaryanalysis.Brokenanti-aircraftteethevery.2.1PlateJaw-Breakersteethplatesworntoholescut-worn.JiangsuChangshuquarriestousePZ250~500-jawstyleBreakersteethprotected,forexample,theteethareprotectedbythematerialshandlingwaterstandardshighmanganesesteelfasteners.Inscanningcallyouthfulobservationteethwrenchedhimselffacecanbeseen,teethprotectedbysqueezingoutasmuchofthesurfacematerial,followedbyapressureabrasivetonguepushinghimselfface,canbeseenintheuppersurfaceofmanyabrasiveedgesbecausethemarksarecausedbyshort-rangesliding,andmayseeaslightcracksteethboardsurface,seefigure1.Afteranalysis,teethwrenchedwornmainlyabrasiverelativeteethboardshortsliding,cuttingmetalgrindingscrapandabrasiverepeatedlysqueezecausedteethprotectedmaterialsondeformation,resultinginthemetalmaterialsofffatigue,lossofskillstoteachthecourseare:(1)materialsrepeatedlysqueezeholecutteetharrangedintheteethprotectedareasurface,orinmetalsqueezethehighlightsrootsformmicrocracks,linkedtothecontinuedexpansionofmicro-cracks,causingthesurfaceofmetalmaterialsseparated,forminghimselfcrumbs.(2)Sectionobjectsrepeatedlysqueeze,causingteethwrenchedmetalmaterialswerepartiallyclosedorresidentstorevealthefragmentationorresidentstorevealsomeofthematerialsandtheimpacttosqueezeoffadifficultscrap(3)materialrelativeteethshort-rangeslidingpanels,adifficultscrapcarbideteethboards.Thereforeteethfromwear-resistingmaterialcontrolpanelswornmainlyhardnessandresilience.Hardmaterials,materialssqueezeshallowdepth,materialdeformationsmall,short-rangeslidingcuttingmaterialsvolumeofthematerialisalsogoodresilienceofsmallmaterials,astrongabilitytoresistfracture,theimpactmayberemovedsqueezeprocessbrittlenessfracture,raisinganti-fatiguedeformationshellcapacity.Jaw-Breakersdifferentsizespecifications,feedgranularity,Ruiduodifferentpanelsofthesqueezingoutteeth,differentimpactsoflargeandmedium-sizedsqueezepressure,apartfromthematerialtoresistpressureandtoresistsqueezeslidingbrackets,shouldalsoconsidertheimpactoftheimpactandbendingstressthelargeteethboardcompositionshouldusehighresilience,goodoverallperformancematerials.Fromtheaboveanalysisshowswearineffectiveforteethboardmaterialshouldchoosehardnesshighresistancematerialstosqueeze,lungmachinefailures,thechoiceofmaterialssufficienttoresistcuttingBoresiliencecutimpactfatiguefailure.Atthesametimetoimprovethestructureofboardsfromtheteeth,andtoothplatestoreducetherelativeslidingmaterials,usefulnotonlyforincreasingproductivitybutalsotoimprovethemateriallifeuseful.2.2hammer-BreakersdeadDifferentspecificationshammer-Breakers,deadshapeandsizevary,itisgenerallythoughtthatthedead90~125kgforlarge,25kgFollowingisasmall,andtherestformedium.Dazhongplantgeneraluse25~50kgdead.Thedeadandsizesandtheuseofthestateofdifferentconditions,thewearandtearofitsfailurevary.Thedeadwear,withtheimpactofthecut-cut,accompaniedbyheavylungmachinewear.ExternalitiesforimpactcratersanditsworncuttingplowGap.Thedeadwearandtearofthemainwaystoattack,sododeadpeopleaccustomedtothechoiceofhighmanganesesteelmaterials.(1)Thefollowingdeadone2kgBecauseofitsextremelysmalljumping,Jiagongyinghuacannotgivefullplaytotheroleofhighmanganesesteel,resistancetoabrasionfromideal,suchasbrokenfeldspar,Liezhimeiandblastfurnaceslagandothermaterials,deadinafewdaysorevenafewclasses,somefailures.Itwasreportedby5.8kgto11.5kgdeadandcementusedtoweardeadaftermutilatedbodylapseanalysisrevealedtwodeadJiagongyinghuaresultsarepoorsurfacehardeningcurveshowninfigure2.Thewearprocessissmalldeadmaterialsontheonehandsmallenergyshocksdead,ametalsurfacedeformationandplasticityEmblemcracks.Justchangemanytimesintheexpansionofcracks,metaldebrisparticlesformedbysqueezingout,leadingtoshockswear;Ontheotherhandmaterialstipssurfacematerialsinacertainlawisthepowertoinfluenceandroleofthesurfaceofmetalmaterialshavelungmachine,washed,wornmetalsurfaces,butbecauseoftheimpactofpower,highmanganesesteeltobeJiagongyinghua.Therefore,itisnecessarytochooseacertainresiliencetothehighhardnessofthematerialcanleadtoasubstantialincreaseusefullife.(2)50kgclassdeadBecauseofitsgreatimpact,highmanganesesteelmaterialsusinghighresilience,itsperformancehasbeenJiagongyinghuamustplaydeadtowear,impactandcut-cut,micromachiningwithheavywearandtear,wearmicroexternalitiesperformanceforimpactcratersandcuttingplowGap.However,ifthematerialconditionsofthestatearedifferent,thesameistheuseofhighmanganesesteeldeadalsoabigdifference.ShaanxiRiveristhesameascementplantproduction12P50kgclasshighmanganesesteeldeadineternalplantonlyapplications2~3monthsfailures;CementplantinYaoxianavailable8~11months.DianjingguanchaeternalintheplantdeadwornsurfacemainlycuttingplowGap,impactcratersexistontheexpiryoftheirwornmainlybycuttingmechanismstowearandtear,accompaniedbyimpact.Analysisbecausetheplantlimestonematerials,includinglargequantitiesofmud,smallgranularitytoreducetheimpactload,highmanganesesteelprocessinghardnessless,andoftenwithhighhardnessofthematerialsilicaslateofhighmanganesesteelausteniticlikeZeikowaacuminataisahardmetalknife,leavingmanycuttrench,sowearfaster.Yaoxianplantisdeadwearfacemajorimpactcraters,andasmallcutbelow,theimpactthatitiswornmainlybycuttingwearandtear,itisbecausethelimestonepiecesfortheGreatYaoxianplant,andevenly,theimpactgreat.Limestoneandtheimpactofadeadwearfacemanyimpactcraters,cratersarevisiblearoundhere.Thehighmanganesesteelhavegoodplasticity,isinabrasiveimpactoftheformationofimpactcratersandeasierplasticitydeformation;Ontheotherhand,becauseofthelargerimpactofhighmanganesesteeltobeJiagongyinghua,increaseddeformationresistance,andthusdemonstratedhigherwear-resistantability.Ascanbeseenfromtheaboveanalysis:inacut-basedcases,thehardnessofthepoetryofresistancetoabrasionleadroletosolvethisproblem,weHubeicementplantwithasuper-highmanganesesteelinthedevelopmentofhigh-resiliencepremisetenfeetofimprovingitsyieldstrength(upto450N/ram.),toincreasetheinitialhardnessHB260~300.atthesametimeimprovingitsJiagongyinghuarate,thelongevityLifesignificantlyimproved.(3)LargeBreakers90kgand125kgdeadTodoitsworkto90kgdeadparametersasshownintable1.Table1showstheaggregatesizeoftheBreakersintolarge,brokenthanlarge,highrotationalspeed,thedeadimpactofthelargeimpactonthewearandtearonmachinery.Materialshouldleadtoresiliencetocombinehardness,intensity,integratedperformance.Cementkilns,Marcht983usefromGermanyO8ⅨcompanyintroducedMB70/90-hammer-styleBreakers,90kgdeadisdoubletheoriginalmetalcasting,withhisheadhighchromiumcastiron,hammerhandlesinlowalloysteel,theuseofdeadcutoff,combiningDepartmentfracturemoreaffectednormalproduction,thethreatofwholesetsofsafetyJuly1986importsO&KcompaniesShanmetal90kgdead,theaverageuseof10monthsbroken1800000tlimestone.Tangshancementplantinthecountrydeadautopsyanalysisbookbasisandhighmanganesesteeldead,1991,throughministerialidentification.~18containingmanganesesteelupto17,mainlytoenabledeadHouda,thecenterfortheentireDepartmentgenerallymaintainitsexcellentresilience,theuseofreliable,increaseCrMoandotherelementstoimproveoverallyieldstrengthandinitialhardness,theperformanceneedsofproduction.Wearandtearontheabovedescriptiontotheimpactofthevulnerabilitytochoosematerialsandsupplementedbyotherhigh-resilienceintegratedperformance.ThewearandtearoftheballmillChenban2.3WearballmillliningplateBall(control)millsandtheChenbanbearMoqiumaterialsshocks,cut,squeezeandlungmachinemultifacetedroleofwornsurfacefeaturesisacrater,crackleandploughsGap.Andthedegreeofwearmaterialscharacteristics,size,natureRuiduolivingskills,butalsowiththeroddiametersizespecifications,Chenbanwhichparts.2.2mx6.5mtocementmillstodo,awarehouse,twopositionshighmanganesesteelsurfaceofamirrorChenbanwornphotographsshowninfigure3andfigure4.PhotofromawarehouseintheforeseeableChenbanmanyploughsGapandspallingpit,becauseawarehousefor70~80mmaverageballDrive,thelargestballto90~100mm,averagegranularity25rammaterials,thelargestupto40mm,andsharpedgesandcorners;TwopositionsfortheballDrive30~50mm~35mmx30mmorbelowsteel.Materialsfromonewarehousewasbrokenintotwopanelsafterboothswarehousestores,granularityhasbecome5ramaroundedgesandcornersRuiduohasgreatlyreduced,sotwopositionsChenbanmainlylungmachine,squeezingoutaccumulationandsaltBoard4worn.Feed-MotouchenbanBecauseofthelargerequipmentandmaterialsgranularitysportslarge,sharpedgesandcornersofthesideimpactandslidinghill,thanexpected-combplateswearoutmuchmoreserious.Itpositionspanelsbackoneortwopositionsballssideshocks,butalsotomaterialsthroughhoofoffbywashedlungmachine,andthereforewearisalsomoreseriousifitrequiresboardpositionsbothwearresistancecapacityisnotbroken,weshouldhaveahigheryieldstrengthandhardness,resistancetobending,resistancematerialswashedmaintaincomblinkingwidth,craftsmeetrequirements,itshouldchoosethegoodresiliencehighhardnessofthematerial.EvenwithahammerChenbannotweardifferentpartsKorea,forexample-Chenban,CentralChenbanaffectedbytheimpactofmaterialsandMoqiuserious,especiallytogreetexpectedfacemoreandmorelightisclosetothetaildevice.ReceiverChenbanwhetherladder,prominentcorner,layering,etc.Chenbanwelcomebycuttingsphericalexpected,theimpactofseriousChenbanproductionprocessesindifferentpartsofChinashouldconsidertheresistancetoabrasionresistancetowearandtear,orfromthestructuraldesignofimprovements,suchasMotou-ChenbanwelcomeLiunoodlespluscorner;Awarehousevillageboardwilldoubleladder;Itpositionsboardswornpartsaddthickness,andsoon.InChenbanwearisasystemsengineering,needlesTodifferentconditionsandthestatusofthecorrespondingwear-resistingmaterial.2.4MoqiuthewearandtearfailuresMoqiuballintheMoldovanplaneisthelargestmetalworkexertion.Wearedifferentmaterials,theuseofthesituationindifferentconditionsMoqiuanalysisshowsthewearandtearMoqiulapsefollowingseveralmechanisms:(1)cutandcutwearandtear.Moqiuriseintheupperstage,withrelativelyslidingmaterials,whichwerehardandsharpmaterialsonthesurfaceofadeepertrenchcutbyJingermaterialsisalessbluntthetrench,thesizeofdifferentmaterials,differentsoftandhardacute,resultingintheballbelowthesurfacemineshallow,narrowdifferencescrosscutting.Moqiuslowdowntoacertainpoint,theimpactofmaterials,apartialcutaholeworn.(2)deformationwear.Moqiuandmaterialsrelativeslidingorshock,directcutting,cut,thereareploughsGapdeformationoccurred,andthemetalwaspushedtothenakedeyebelowtheouterside,intheroleofmetaldeformationmaterialsrepeatedlybyacontingencyfatiguecracks,cracksexpand,connecting,formingplowscrapsheet,thesurfacearea.(3)brittlenessspalling.Moqiuaffectedbytheimpactoftheprocessmaterialsbrittlenessof(suchascarbon)shell,brokendownbyhimselffromthesurfaceZhuofilings.(4)fatiguewear.Moqiuinmillswithinthecycleofrise,throw,repeatedlysliding,rollingandimpactofchangesinshockscontactpressurestress,istheroleofastressfatigueinAsiasurfacefatiguecracksformedparalleltoeachother,forminganextensionoffatiguespallingandsurfacelayer.FatiguecracksinAsianextlifeconsistingofamixtureofnuclearmaterialandbrittlenesscangrowinthesurfacelayerandthedynamicssoftenedlayersaskedfornuclear.Whenthecastingsurfaceinmuchofthewrongandmixednuclearexpansionwillleadtomacrofatiguespalling,orapieceofdebriscausedbyballjointsstolenYuan.Nearthesurfaceandleadtomicro-nuclearfatiguespalling,afindinglaminaandspallingpit.破碎粉磨设备的磨损与耐磨材料的发展摘要从磨损失效分析入手，对破碎粉磨系统中易损件的结构形状、相互匹配关系、耐磨材料生产工艺、质量控制与使用性能等进行评述，并列举了国内外典型耐磨材质的化学成分覆机械性能，同时阐述了破碎粉磨材料的发展。关键词：破碎，粉磨，易损件，耐磨材料1引言冶金矿山、建材、火电、化工、煤炭等工业部门，需要各种破碎粉磨设备。这些设备的易损件受研磨体、衬扳、物料的磨损，每年消耗大量金属。以水泥工业为饲，1994年水泥全国产量4．05亿吨。球磨机衬板类、破碎机类损耗金属约为300～350g／t水泥；研磨介质(球、段)为500g／t水泥，这样1994年仅水泥工业就消耗衬板类金属12万t，研磨体2o多万t。据有关资料统计，黑色、有色矿山消耗金属更多，全国消耗破碎机、球磨机衬扳金属约5o万t，研磨介质金属约130万t，总价值达80亿元。材料的消耗必然反映到能源消耗上，因此降低金属材料消耗也是节约能源的一个重要方面，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。同时因更换易损件而被迫停车的时间在水泥行业约占总停车时间的50～55，占因磨损而增加设备维修工作量的6o～65，因此随着破碎粉磨设备工艺技术的飞速发展，随着设备日趋大型化研制和使用，新型耐磨材料越来越为人们所重视。2破碎粉磨设备的磨损破碎粉磨设备的磨损可分为内部因素和外部因素。内部因素包括材料的冶金质量、化学成分、金相组织和机械性能I外部因素包括物料的硬度和韧性，粒度和棱角锐度等等。易损件是否耐用取决于材料的抗冲击磨损能力，抗疲劳磨损能力，抗显微切削和犁削的能力。下面对几种破碎粉磨设备主要易损件的磨损进行简要分析。2.1颤式破辟机齿板颚式破碎机齿板的磨损属于凿削式磨损。以江苏常熟采石场使用PZ250~500型颚式破碎机齿扳为例，齿扳材质是经水韧处理的标准高锰钢。在扫描电镜下观察齿扳磨面可以看出，齿扳表面被挤压成凹凸部分材料，随后又被磨料推挤形成压舌磨面，在磨面上可以看到很多磨料尖角短程滑动造成的磨痕，并可看到齿板表面有微裂纹，见图1。经过分析，齿扳磨损的主要原因是磨料相对齿板短程滑动、切削金属造成磨屑和磨料反复挤压引起齿扳材料多次变形，导致金属材料疲劳脱落，磨损失教过程是：(1)物料多次反复挤压凿削齿扳，在齿扳区表层，或在挤压金属的突出部分根部形成微裂纹，此微裂纹不断扩展到相连，造成表面金属材料脱落，形成磨屑。(2)物科反复挤压，造成齿扳金属材料被局部压裂或翻起，其碎裂或翻起部分又随着挤压撞击的物料一起脱落形成磨屑(3)物料相对齿板短程滑动，切削齿板形成磨屑。因此从耐磨材料上控制齿板磨损主要是硬度和韧性。材料硬，物料挤压深度浅，材料变形小，物料对材料短程滑动的切削量也小材料韧性好，抵抗断裂能力强，可消除挤压撞击过程中脆性断裂，提高抗疲劳变形开裂能力。颚式破碎机的大小规格不同，进料粒度、锐度不同，对齿板的挤压、撞击力不同，大中型挤压力大，除考虑材料的抗挤压力和抗滑动切削外，还应考虑受撞击时的冲击力及弯曲应力因此大型齿板选材应选用韧性高、综合性能好的材质从上述磨损失效分析可知，对于齿板材料应选择硬度高的材质以抵抗挤压、显微切削失效，选择足够韧性柏材质以抵抗凿削撞击疲劳失效。同时从齿板结构上进行改进，以减少物料与齿板的相对滑动，这不仅对提高生产率有益，而且对提高材料的使用寿命也有益。2.2锤式破碎机锤头不同规格的锤式破碎机，锤头形状大小也各不相同，一般认为90～125kg的锤头为大型，25kg以下为小型，其余为中型。大中水泥厂一般使用25～50kg锤头。由于锤头大小不同，使用工况条件不同，它的磨损失效也各不相同。锤头的磨损方式，以冲击凿削为主，伴随有冲刷显微切削磨损。其磨损形貌为冲击坑和切削犁沟。由于锤头的主要磨损方式为冲击，所以人们习惯于选择高锰钢做锤头材质。(1)12kg以下锤头由于其冲韧小，不能充分发挥高锰钢的加工硬化作用，因此耐磨性很不理想，如破碎长石、劣质煤和高炉矿渣等物料，锤头有的用几天甚至几个班即失效。有人把玻璃厂用5．8kg锤头和水泥厂用11．5kg锤头进行磨损后残体失效分析，结果表明两类锤头加工硬化效果都很差，表面硬化曲线如图2所示。小锤头的磨损过程是一方面物料小能量冲击锤头，金属表面产生塑性变形和徽裂纹。在反复多次塑变情况下裂纹扩展，金属受挤压形成碎片脱落，导致冲击磨损；另一方面物料刺入材料表面，在一定法向力与切向力作用下，对材料表层金属产生显微切削、冲刷，使金属表面磨损，但由于冲击力大，高锰钢不足以被加工硬化。所以应选择有一定韧性，以硬度高为主导的材料才能大幅度提高使用寿命。(2)50kg级锤头由于其冲击力大，采用高韧性的高锰钢材质，其加工硬化性能得到一定发挥，锤头以磨损、冲击、凿削为主，伴随冲刷显微切削磨损，磨损的微观形貌表现为冲击坑和切削犁沟。但是如果物料工况条件不同，同样是高锰钢锤头使用情况也相差很大。如同样是陕西延河水泥机械厂生产的12P50kg级高锰钢锤头，在永登水泥厂仅应用2～3个月即失效；在耀县水泥厂可用8～11个月。电镜观察永登水泥厂锤头在磨损面上主要是切削犁沟，有冲击坑存在，说明其磨损失效是以切削机理为主，向时伴随有撞击磨损。分析原因是该厂石灰石物料中含泥量大，粒度小，使冲击负荷减小，高锰钢加工硬度不明显，同时物料中