【英语】高一英语阅读理解(教育文化)技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

【英语】高一英语阅读理解(教育文化)技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

Asisknowntoall,nowadaysmanystudentsareinterestedinstudyingabroad.

Attendingschoolsabroadhasmanyadvantages.First,bylookingatourowncountryfromoutside,wecanbestseethestrongpointsandweakpointsofournationandthereforebroadenourminds.Second,whilestudyinginaforeigncountry,wecantravelwidely,visitingfamousscenicspotsandmakingfriendswiththelocalpeople.Third,wecanusetheforeignlanguageinourdailylifesothatourabilityinthatlanguagemaybeimprovedquickly.Butthemostimportantistolearnadvanced(先进的)scienceandtechnology.Foralltheseadvantages,itisreallyworthwhiletogoabroadforeducation.

However,aseverythinghastwosides,therearealsosomedisadvantagesinattendingaforeignuniversity.Themostseriousproblemisthelanguagebarrier(障碍).Mostofthestudentswhoarereadytogoabroaddonotpreparethemselveswellforthenewlanguageenvironment.Asaresult,onarrivingthere,theywillfinditdifficulttounderstandwhattheinstructorsaresayinginclass.Besides,fornotknowingaboutthecustomsandwayoflifeofthelocalpeople,theymayrunintotroubleindealingwithvarioussituations.Therefore,misunderstandingsoftenarise.Furthermore,thecostoflivingismuchhigherthanthatinourcountry,somoststudentshavetofindpart-timejobsinordertohelpsupportthemselves.Facedwiththesedifficulties,manystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudiesandsomestudentsmayevenfailintheircoursesandlearnlittle.

Therefore,givenanopportunitytoattendaschoolabroad,onemustconsiderthefactorscarefullybeforemakinguphismind.Ontheonehand,itisagoodthingtogoandstudyabroad.Butontheotherhand,onemustnotneglect(忽视)thedisadvantages.（1）Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingarealladvantagesofstudyingabroadEXCEPT__________.A.

havingmorechancestogetgoodjobs

B.

improvingforeignlanguageabilityquicklyC.

visitingwell-knownplacesofinterest

D.

learningverymodernscienceandtechnology（2）Theunderlinedword"instructors"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto"__________".A.neighborsB.teachersC.strangersD.classmates（3）Accordingtothepassage,whydosomestudentsfindpart-timejobs?A.Becausetheywanttolearnmoreskillsinadifferentcountry.B.Becausetheywanttomakefulluseoftheirtime.C.Becausetheyarenotinterestedinstudying.D.Becausetheyhavetosupportthemselves.（4）Thepassagemainlytellsusthat__________.A.studyingabroadisagoodwaytolearnmoreB.everythinghastwosidesC.peopleshouldthinktwicebeforegoingabroadD.goingabroadhasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了出国学习的坏处和好处，旨在告诫人们对出国学习要慎重考虑，不能盲目跟风。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"wecantravelwidely，visitingfamousscenicspots"及"ourabilityinthatlanguagemaybeimprovedquickly.Butthemostimportantistolearnadvanced（先进的）scienceandtechnology"可知，出国学习可以提高我们的外语能力、参观著名景点和学习先进的科学技术，而没有提及有更多的机会找到好工作，故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"sayinginclass"可知，他们很难理解讲师在课堂上所说的话，由此可知画线词词义为"老师"，故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"somoststudentshavetofindpart-timejobsinordertohelpsupportthemselves"可知，很多学生找兼职工作是为了养活他们自己，故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要分析了出国学习的利弊，根据最后一段内容可知，文章旨在说明对出国学习要慎重考虑，不能盲目跟风，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Everywherewelook,wearesurroundedbytechnology.Weheavilyrelyontechnologyforourday-to-daylives.Therearethesocialmediaapps,suchasFacebook,Twitter,whereweareabletoseeintothelivesofeveryonearoundus.ThereareothermoreusefulappslikeGoogleMapswhereyoucanuseaGPStogetfromoneplacetoanother.Itisnowonderthatweareconstantlylookingdownatourphonesandotherdevices.And,thatisaproblem.

Prettysoon,Ifearthatpeoplewillnolongerbeabletocommunicatefacetoface.Ipersonallylovebeingabletositdownandhaveaconversationwithsomeonesanscellphonesanddistractions.Itshowsthatyoucareaboutwhoyouaretalkingtoandwanttoinvolveandlistentothem.Thecellphonecanwaituntillater.

WhatIreallydislikeisthatyoungerandyoungerchildrenareusingtechnology.Insteadofplayingoutsidewithfriends,theyareplayingoniPads,iPods,orvideogames.Insteadofhavinglittlegamesorbooks,childrennowhaveelectronicdevicestousetodistractthemevenifwaitingatdoctors'appointmentsetc.Theywantcellphonesatyoungages.Theyhavetexting.Ioverheardsixthgradersonedaytalkingabouttexting,andIwasalittlesad.Atthatage,Ihadtocallmyfriendsonthephoneinordertotalktothem.

Weareasocietybasedontechnology.And,thatisn'tacompletelybadthing,givenitsuseinareassuchasmedicine.Butweshouldn'tbeaddictedtosomanyofthesedevicesthatweforgettolookaroundandseewhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.（1）Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sometechproductsleaveusunabletofocus.B.Socialmediaappsmakepeoplemorevisible.C.Manypeopleusuallymisusesocialmediaapps.D.Technologyprovidesuswithaconvenientlife.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"sans"?A.isneedofB.withoutC.isspiteofD.with（3）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsusingtechnologyinmedicine?A.Indifferent.B.Opposed.C.Concerned.D.Supportive.（4）Whatdoestheauthorreallywanttoshowinthepassage?A.Weshouldtakeastepbackfromconstantlyusingtechnology.B.Theelectronicdevicesarecloselyconnectedwithourlife.C.Societyshouldnolongerbebasedontechnology.D.Weshouldsaygoodbyetoelectronicdevices.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者提出了在日常生活中人们严重地依赖高科技产品的现象，并表达自己的观点：不要沉迷于电子产品。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“wearesurroundedbytechnology.Weheavilyrelyontechnology和weareconstantlylookingdownatourphonesandotherdevices”可知，我们对高科技是如此依赖，我们的生活中充满了高科技的产品，以至于我们总是看着手机或者其他的高科技设备，作者觉得这是一个问题。这些电子设备分散了人们的注意力。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Ipersonallylovebeingabletositdownandhaveaconversationwithsomeone”可知，作者个人喜欢能够坐下来和人面对面的交谈；再根据“Thecellphonecanwaituntillater”手机稍后再说，可知，交谈时没有手机和其他的干扰。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“thatisn'tacompletelybadthing,givenitsuseinareassuchasmedicine”考虑到科技在医学等领域的应用，这并不完全是一件坏事，可知，作者对高科技在医学方面的应用持支持的态度。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。分析文章结构可知，文中第一段引出问题：人们过多地使用电子设备；在第二、三段作者谈及了自己对现状的看法；第四段作者提出观点“weshouldn'tbeaddictedtosomanyofthesedevices”，作者觉得我们不能如此依赖电子设备。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

AsaFulbright（富布莱特法案基金）scholaratYale,Iwantedverymuchtogetsomeindividualhelpfromsomefamousprofessors,buttheiroffice-hourswereonlyonceaweekandtherewerealwaysstudentswaitingoutside.Atfirst,Iwastoopolitetogettheirhelp.ThenIrealizedthatChinesepolitenessdoesnotworkinthissociety.IneededtobeaggressivetogetwhatIwanted.IalsonoticedthatChinesestudentsorAsianstudentswereverypoliteinclasswhileAmericanstudentsofteninterruptedtheprofessor,askingquestionsanddominatingthediscussion.TheChinesestudentswerenotasaggressiveasAmericanstudents.

Iwasimpressedbytheroleoftheprofessorintheclass.Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.Onelinguisticfeatureofhisinteractingwithhisstudentswasthatheusedmanymodalverbs-farmorethanIdidinBeiwai.Whenansweringquestions,heusuallysaid:"thisismypersonalopinionanditcouldbewrong.ItwouldbeagoodideaifyoucouldreadthebookImentionedtheotherday."Or,"YoumayfindthebookIrecommendedhelpful."Or,"Youcouldberight,butyoumightfindthispointofviewalsointeresting."Whenmakingcommentsonstudents'performances,theprofessorusuallysaid:"Itmighthavebeenmuchclearerifyouhadtakeninsomeoftheideaswediscussedearlierthissemester."

InChina,authoritiesarealwayssupposedtogivewisedecisionsandcorrectdirections.Thereforestudentsalwaysexpecttheprofessortogiveananswertothequestion.Istillrememberhowannoyedtheywerewhenforeignteachersdidnotprovidesuchananswer.TheirexpectationsfromauthoritiesaremuchhigherthanthoseofAmericanstudents.OncetheChinesestudentsgottheanswer,theyweresureaboutit.ThatiswhytheymakefarmorecertainstatementthanAmericanstudents.ThatiswhyChinesestudentsfinditdifficulttousemodalverbsbecausethefunctionofmodalverbsistoprovideroomfornegotiationanddifferentideas.（1）TheAmericanprofessorsusemanymodalverbsbecausetheywantto______.A.

arguewiththeirstudents

B.

bemoresureabouttheiranswersC.

expresstheirideasmoreclearly

D.

developtheirstudents'ownwayofthinking（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor'sidea?A.

Chineseprofessorscanalwaysgivecorrectanswertothequestion.B.

Americanprofessorsarenotresponsiblesincetheydon'tgivestudentsanswers.C.

Americaneducationproducesaggressivestudents.D.

EducationinChinaisnothelpfulindevelopingstudents'creativity.（3）Whichofthefollowingmethodsdidtheauthormainlyemployindevelopingthearticle?A.

Comparisonandcontrast.

B.

Causeandeffect.

C.

Givingexamples.

D.

Description.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardseducationinU.S.?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Neutral

D.

Unsure【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】文章描述中西方不同的文化背景下，学生的学习方式和表达方式的不同。（1）推理判断题。根据第二段的内容Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.教授并不作为权威，给出最后答案，而是作为研究者，和学生一起寻找问题的答案。下句说到他们和学生交流的语言特征是使用很多的情态动词，并举了很多例句，因此可推断美国教授这样做是为了发展学生自己的思维方式。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据最后一段中作者的描述，中国学生总是期待教授给出问题的答案，他们对权威的期待比美国学生高的多，一旦中国学生得到答案，他们就很确定。可推断中国教育对发展学生的创造力是没有帮助的。故选D。（3）细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章通过比较和对比来说明中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同。故选A。（4）细节理解题。作者只是通过比较和对比来描述中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同，并没有对美国教育加以评论，故作者对美国教育的态度是中立的。故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及推理判断题和细节理解题。推理判断题要注意联系上下文，推断出所需信息；细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章，从文中找出所需答案。4．阅读理解

Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.Butthisquestionneverhappensabouttheirmothertongue,andyet,itwasaforeignlanguageonce.However,amongallthequestionsthatnewparentsask,nodoctorhaseverheard:"Willmybabybeabletolearnmylanguage?"Behonest,doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue?Theansweris:"no".

Newwords,andnewwaysofusingoldwords,appeareveryday.Twentyyearsago,whocouldhavebeenabletounderstandasentencelikethis:"Clickheretodownloadyourdigitalbook."?Nobody.Youneverstoplearningnewvocabularyandyouneverknowhowlongyouwillneedit.

Sometimes,youhavethewordonthetipofyourtongue...anditsticksthere!Butyoudoknowthisphenomenon(现象)anddon'tthinkthatitisbecauseofabadmemory.Youshouldnotgivethisphenomenonmoreimportanceinthelanguageyouarelearningthaninyourmothertongue.

Youneedtolearnonly2000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.Youcan'tavoidsomeworkinordertolearnthesenecessarywordsandallthemoreifyouwanttolearnquickly.Andbeforeyouconsiderbuyingintoanymethod,besureitisrightforyou.Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics(记忆群).Thefirstfewwordsseemveryeasytolearn,soyoubuythecourse,butthenyoudiscoverquickly,thoughtoolate,thatadozenwordslater,itisallthemoredifficulttolearnanewwordwhenyouhavealsotolearnthetricktomemorizeit.（1）Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat______.A.

thereisnoneedtoknowallthewordsofaforeignlanguageB.

itishonesttoanswer"no"toaquestionyoudon'tknowC.

ababycanknowallthenewwordsofitsmothertongueD.

peoplefindithardtomemorizevocabularyoftheirlanguage（2）Tolearnaforeignlanguage,theauthoradvisesyou______.A.toremembernewwordsappearingeverydayB.tokeepupwithnewwaysofusingoldwordsC.tolearnatleast2,000necessarywordsD.topaymoreattentiontoyourbadmemory（3）Theauthor'sattitudetomnemonicsis________.A.supportiveB.neutralC.opponentD.indifferent（4）Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.usingoldwordsinanewwayB.learningnewwordsfromthecontextC.findingamethodtomemorizevocabularyD.learningvocabularyofaforeignlanguage【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多学习外语的人都有一个困惑是否要记忆足够多的单词，作者的回答是"不"，文章告诉人们应该掌握多少个基本单词，且不能为了学习这些必要的单词而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助记法的方法都是不明智的。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Tobehonest，doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue？Theansweris‘No’．“说实话，你知道你母语的所有单词吗?"答案是:"不"。可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Youneedtolearnonly2，000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.”你只需要学习2000个左右的基本单词就能创造出任何你需要的短语。可知为了学习一门外语，作者建议你至少学习2000个必要的单词。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics.”依靠任何基于记忆术的方法都是不明智的。可知作者对记忆术的态度是反对的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.”当谈到学习一门外语时，许多人想知道他们是否能记住足够的词汇。以及文章主要内容围绕学习外语时的词汇量问题，所以短文主要是关于学习一门外语的词汇量。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Whyisitthatmanypeoplewhohavesufferedamajorshock,suchasdivorceordeathofafamilymember,seemtobeweakeragainstavarietyofmajorandminorillness?Onecommonideaamongpsychologistshasbeenthatpeoplecoulddealwithsufferingmoreeffectivelyiftheywereabletounderstandandacceptit.Indeed,manyexpertsstressthevalueofexpressingthoughtsandfeelingsconnectedwithupsettingevents.

Recently,ateamofmedicalresearchersstudiedthelinksbetweendescribingpsychologicallypainfuleventsandlong-termhealth.Inoneexperimenthealthycollegestudentswereaskedtowriteabouteitherpersonallydisturbingexperiencesorordinarytopicsoveraperiodoffourdays.Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.

Inanexperimentthatfollowed,anothergroupofhealthystudentsweregiventhefour-daywritingexercises.Somechosetowriteabouthighlypersonalandupsettingexperiences(includingloneliness,problemswithfamilyandfriends,andhealth).Whenquestionedimmediatelyafterwards,theysaidthattheydidnotfeelanybetter.However,theirbloodsamples(样本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese"invaders".Thistrendcontinuedoverthefollowingsixweeks,whenanotherbloodsamplewastaken.Individualswhoshowedthebestresultswerethosewhowroteabouttopicsthattheyhadactivelykeptfromtellingothersabout.

Theresearcherssuggestedthatfailuretofaceuptopainfulexperiencecanbeaformofstressitself,andcanincreasethepossibilityofillness.Itfollows,then,thatactivelydealingwithamajorshockmakespossibleitsunderstandingandacceptance.Theanswerisnottosufferinsilence.Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletotalkaboutpersonalproblems,butwritingthemdownwillhelpthebodytofightdiseaseinthelongrun.（1）Inthefirstexperiment,thestudentswhowroteaboutpainfulevents________.A.startedtosufferpsychologicalproblemsB.enjoyedsharingtheirinnerthoughtandfeelingsC.werelesslikelytoseektreatmentforsicknessD.couldn'tdealwithsufferingeffectively（2）Peoplewhowroteaboutpersonalproblemsinthesecondexperiment________.A.hadmorebacteriaandvirusesintheirbloodB.haddecreasedfeelingsoflonelinessC.showedanimprovedwhitecellreactionD.didbetterintheirwritingtasks（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invaders"referto?A.Thewhitecells.B.Bacteriaandviruses.C.Resistancetoillness.D.Thereactionandsensitivityofthecells.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SufferingandHealthB.InnerThoughtsandFeelingsC.IllnessandHealthD.MentalIllnessandSocialAcceptance【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，心理学的研究表明，如果人们能够理解并接受痛苦，人们就能更有效地应对它。许多专家认为将与令人不安的事件有关的思想和情感表达出来是十分重要的。不能面对痛苦的经历本身就可能是某种形式的压力，也会增加患病的可能性。所以从长远来看，不要默默忍受，说出来或者写出来将有助于身体对抗疾病。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.”可知，在随后的几个月里，那些选择在写作中表达自己内心想法和感受的学生，比那些写过日常话题的人更少去看病。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However,theirbloodsamples(样本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese‘invaders’.”可知，在第二个实验中写下了个人问题的人显示他们的白细胞对细菌和病毒的反应和敏感性增强了。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruses…”可知，白细胞是用来对抗细菌和病毒的，因此these"invaders"指的就是细菌和病毒这些“入侵者”。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文开头提出观点，如果人们能够理解并接受痛苦，人们就能更有效地应对它。然后通过两个实验证明，将内心的感受通过说或者写的方式表达出来从长远看会有助于身体对抗疾病。因此本文关注的话题是情感经历和健康的关系问题。选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(调味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了盐对心脏有影响的原因，以及人们在日常生活中保持低盐的生活方式。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”长期以来，心脏病被认为是成年人的问题，但一项新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。年轻时吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一个有高血压的孩子更有可能成为一个有高血压的成年人，可知，文章作者特别担心孩子食用过咸的食物导致心脏病和高血压。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”减少盐可能有助于阻止儿童长胖。英国的研究人员最近发现吃盐少的孩子喝的含糖饮料也更少，可知，作者认为吃多盐食品和喝过多含糖的软饮料也会使孩子长胖。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一项研究发现越来越多的美国孩子正在患肾结石。这种痛苦的病通常只在40岁以上的人才患，现在五岁的孩子也在遭受这种疾病，可知，研究发现现在肾结石这种病正在变得年轻化。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(调味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐渐改变。先在晚餐中加入平时一半的食盐。食用新鲜食品而非罐装或者瓶装食品。少放些调味品。你可能也要阅读营养标签。可知，本段提供了一些可以减少食盐摄入量的方法。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

ArecentdocumentaryproducedbytheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)hascausedastirinChinaandintheUK.

Thedocumentary,titledAreOurKidsToughEnough?focusesonfiveChineseteacherswhoaresenttoteach50UKteensataschoolinHampshire.

Theteachersinstructthestudentsforamonth.Thepupilsarethentested,andtheresultsarecomparedtotheonesofthosewhohavecontinuedintheregularUKeducationsystem.TheideaistoseeiftheChinesemethodimprovesacademicperformance.

TheChineseteachersusetheirownteachingmethodsbutreceivestrongresistancefromthestudents.Aclipfromthedocumentaryonlineshowssomeproblems,withChineseteacherscallingtheirstudentslazyandlackingindiscipline,whilethestudentssaythehighpressureandharshteachersaredrivingthemcrazy.

ThishasarousedanewdebateinbothChinaandtheUK,withsomearguingtheteenagersneedmoreregulationanddiscipline.OtherssayChinesemethodsencouragerotelearning(死记硬背)insteadofindependentthinking.Forinstance,Chineselanguageteachersshoulddomorethanpassonknowledgeaboutwordsandcharacters.Theyshouldinspirestudents,helpingthemfeelthesentimentfromChineseliterature.Thisisahigherlevelofteaching.

YangDongping,deanofthe21stCenturyEducationResearchInstitute,says,"TheChineseteachingmethodsaredesignedtostrictlytrainthemajority.Foreignteachingmethods,however,aremorenaturalandrelaxing,anddesignedtoinspirestudents'interestinlearning.Educationmethodsarebasedonculture.Thatiswhyasuccessfuleducationmethodinoneplacemaynotworkthatwellwhensimply'transplanted'intoanotherplace."

YangDongpingsays,"ThedocumentarydoesreflectsomeproblemsrootedintraditionalChineseteachingmethods.Nobelprizewinner,YangZhenning,gaveaveryfaircommentonthisissue.HesaidtheChinese-styleeducationmethodworksformostordinaryqualifiedstudentseffectively,helpingthemreachhighstandards.However,itmayweakenthetrainingforhigh-potentialoutstandingstudents."（1）WhyarefiveChineseteacherssenttoteach50UKteens?A.TotesttheintelligenceoftheUKteens.B.Tohelptheschoolimprovetheirteachingefficiency.C.TodosomepracticalresearchintotheUKeducationsystem.D.TotesttheeffectivenessofChineseteachingmethods.（2）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"harsh"inthefourthparagraph?A.ExtremelystrictB.QuitefriendlyC.RathercoldD.Veryattractive（3）AccordingtoYangDongpingChineseteachingmethods______.A.fitallcountriesB.couldbeimprovedC.arethebestintheworldD.arenotasgoodasBritishmethods【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一部关于教学方法的纪录片在中英两国引起了不小的关注——五名中国老师被派去教英国学生，结果学生很不适应，这说明教学方法是以文化为基础的，在一个国家取得成功的教学方法在另一个国家不一定奏效。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“TheideaistoseeiftheChinesemethodimprovesacademicperformance.”这个想法是为了看看中国的方法是否能提高学习成绩，可知，五名中国老师被派去教英国学生是为了检验中国教学方法的成效。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“

withChineseteacherscallingtheirstudentslazyandlackingindiscipline,whilethestudentssaythehighpressureandharshteachersaredrivingthemcrazy.”中国老师称他们的学生懒惰和缺乏纪律，而学生则说压力太大和严厉的老师让他们发狂。由此可知，划线词意为“严厉的”。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TheChineseteachingmethodsaredesignedtostrictlytrainthemajority.Foreignteachingmethods,however,aremorenaturalandrelaxing,anddesignedtoinspirestudents'interestinlearning.Educationmethodsarebasedonculture.”可知，杨东平认为，中国的教学方法侧重于严格要求，而英国的教学方法更为自然和轻松，旨在激发学生的学习兴趣，教学方法是以文化为基础的。由此可知，杨东平认为中国的教学方法有待改进。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenagerproblem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableandhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.

I'veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.IsawhimlastweekwhenIcalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懒散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed."Idon'tknowwhattodowithhimthesedays,"shesaid."He'sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.”

Hehasn'tforgottenthem.He'sjustdecidedthathe'snotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白)thatshewouldliketocomeupbehindh