2025-2026学年上海市延安中学高二上学期第一次质量调研英语试题

2025-2026学年上海市延安中学高二上学期第一次质量调研英语试题一、语法填空(★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Narcissismisapsychologicalconditiondefinedasanobsessionwiththeselfandextremecasesmaybediagnosedasnarcissisticpersonalitydisorder（NPD）Accordingtosomepsychoanalysts,almostallpeoplebeginlifewithsomedegreeofself-obsession.Sincebabiesarebornhelpless,theirphysicalandemotionalneeds1beaddressedbythepeoplesurroundingthem.Intheinfant’smind,thistranslatestoadeeplyheldbelief2heisthecenteroftheworld,knownasprimarynarcissism.Thisbelief3（usuallyleave）behindaschildrengrowolderandbecomemoreindependent.Peoplewithmildsymptomsmayactuallybenefitfromtheirself-interestedtendencies.Accordingtosomestudies,mildnarcissiststendtoexperiencelessstress,self-doubt,andremorsethannon-narcissists.Theirfeelingofself-importanceandinvulnerabilitymakesthem4（likely)tosufferfromdepressionandmorelikelytopursuetheirdreamsandgoals.ThosewithclinicalNPD,however,canhavedifficultandfrustratinglives.Inextremecases,theymaybesimplyunabletounderstandwhytheworlddoesnotworkaccordingtotheirbeliefs.Despiteadesireforstrongpersonalrelationships,theymaybeunabletomaintainthem5theirself-obsession.Inrarecases,theability6（justify)anybehaviorforpersonalgainmaybesostrongthatanarcissistmayfindhimself7（engage）inmanipulative,criminal,orviolentacts.Psychotherapyisoftenrecommendedasthefirstlineoftreatmentforthiscondition.Cognitivebehavioraltherapy,8focusesonidentifyingand9(alter)unhealthybehavioralpatterns,canalsobeveryhelpfulinconstructingahealthierlifestyle.Howeffectivethesetreatmentsusuallydependonhowseveretheconditionis.10fullydefeatingnarcissisticurgesmaynotalwaysbepossible,psychotherapycreatesanopenforumtodiscussrelatedissuesandmanagetheproblemscausedbythiscondition.二、选词填空(★★★)Directions:Completethesentenceswiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachwordorphrasecanonlybeusedonce.Thereisoneextrathatyoudonotneed.

A.panelB.customizeC.followtheherdD.taketheedgeoffE.ultimatelyF.polish

G.prosperityH.genuinelyI.privilegeJ.vehicleK.stretch11.Whateverthescientists________conclude,alloftheirdatawillimmediatelybechallenged.12.Inresponsetothegrowingdemandforpersonalizedexperiences,manycompaniesaretryingto________theirproducts.13.Theexpert________discussingthefutureofAlinthetechconferencemadesomegroundbreakingpredictions.14.Intheworldofcryptocurrencyinvestment,manyimmatureinvestorstendto________.15.Thenewdocumentaryseriesonstreamingservicesisaremarkable________forpresentingtheuntoldstoriesofmarginalizedcommunities.16.Itoftentakeswriters,whetherprominentonesorgreenhands,agreatdealoftimeto________theirmanuscripts.17.Thenewgovernmentpoliciesareaimedatpromotingeconomic________,withinitiativestoboostsmall-andmedium-sizedenterprises.18.Havingaccesstohigh-qualityeducationshouldneverbea(n)________forthewealthyfew.19.Itisencouragingtoseethatmanycelebritiesare________usingtheirinfluencetoraiseawarenessaboutimportantsocialissues.20.Thesuddeninfluxofnewcompetitorsintheelectricvehiclemarketisstartingto________Tesla’sonce-dominantmarketadvantage.(★★★)Directions:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Thereisoneextrathatyoudonotneed.

A.resonateB.moderateC.modestD.assumptionE.associationF.creditedG.monitoredH.spellI.respectfulJ.insightK.respectiveArchimedeshadhiseurekamomentinthebath.SirIsaacNewtonclaimedhisbreakthroughswere21hisfoundationalideasachievedbystandingontheshouldersofgiants.Descartes(笛卡尔)todivine(神圣的)enlightenmentthatempoweredhumanreason.Forordinarypeople,however,thesurestpathtosudden22maybeagoodnap.Astudysuggeststhata20-minutesnooze(打盹儿)canboostproblem-solvingabilitybymorethan50percentbutonlyifyouachieveastateofrestknownasN2sleep.N2isastageoflight-to23sleepthatcomesafteryoufirstdriftoff.DuringN2sleep,brainwavesslowdown,withoccasionalburstsofactivityknownassleepspindles,whicharethoughttohelpwithmemoryandlearning.Totestthe24,aresearchteamfromHamburgUniversityfirstinvitedagroupofparticipantstonapfor20minuteswhiletheirbrainwaveswere25viaelectroencephalogram(EEG),whichshowedwhethertheyhadreachedN2sleep.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowatchacloudoforangeorpurpledotsonascreen.Theyhadtopressoneoftwokeysasquicklyastheycouldtoindicatethedirectioninwhichthedotsweretravelling.Atfirst,thecolordidnotcorrelatewithmovementdirection.Afterawhile,however,thecolorbeganpredictingdirection,enablingfasterresponsesandtheparticipantswereassessedontheirability26.AmongN2sleepers,86%detectedthelink,versus56%oftospontaneouslyidentifytheawakeparticipants.Ofcourse,therearelimitations:thesamplesizewas27,withonly90participantsandthetask’sartificialdesign.Noone,asyet,hasproventhatabrief28ofN2sleepwillhelpyouwriteasonnet(十四行诗),orunderstandEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativityHowever,theresearchersbelievethatthefindingswill29withmostpeople.“Ithinkalotofushavemadethesubjectiveexperienceofhavingimportantrealizationsafterashortnap,”saidoneoftheleadauthors.Nexttimeyou’recaughtnappingatyourdesk,tryexplainingyou’reoptimizingcognitiveperformancethroughstrategicN2sleep.Ifmetwithskepticism,citetheHamburgstudywitha30footnotetoyourteacher!三、完形填空(★★★)ThePsychologyofMoneyinaBuyNowPayLaterWorldNotlongago,youhadtophysicallyhandovercashtobuysomething.Youwitnessedit_________yourwallet.Butyoucannowpayforanewphoneinthreeinstalments(分期付款)andbarelynoticethedifference.Wearebecomingincreasinglyfreeoftheemotionalburdenofspendingandourmentalhealthisbeingprofoundlyaffectedbythisquietshift.ThepopularityofBuyNow,PayLater(BNPL)planshasskyrocketed.Theypromisefreedomandflexibility,buttheeaseofusecandeceiveourminds.Whenpaymentisdeferredordividedintosmallerpayments,wearewiredtofeellessemotionally_________.Whentheactofpayingisseparatedfromtheactofpurchasing,wearemorelikelytooverspend.Thispsychological_________allowspeopletounderestimatethelong-termcostoftheirspendingandoftenleadsto_________financialdecisions.Insocietieswheredigitalcreditiseasily_________butfinancialeducationislimited,thesebehaviorscanspiralintochronicdebt.Thisimpulsivityisn’t_________;it’sdeeplyrootedinourpsychology,becausemoneyisn’tjustaboutmaths;ithastodowithmeaning.Webuythingstofeelbetter,tobelong,ortoprovewe’redoingwell—eveniftherealitylooksverydifferent.Whenweshoptoalleviatesadness,boredom,stress,orlowself-worth,weareengaginginemotionalspending._________thebriefreliefitmayprovide,itfrequentlyresultsindeepershame,particularlywhenthefinancialinfluencebecomesapparent.Thisshamecanpreventindividualsfromseekinghelp,causinglong-lastingfinancialandemotionalstress.Peoplefrequentlydonot_________whattheyareagreeingtoinaworldofstylishappsandapprovalwithasingle_________.Financialliteracyremainsuneveninemergingeconomies,particularlyamongyoungerpopulations.Understandingcompoundinterestisimportant,butunderstandingwhywespendthewaywedoisjustasimportant._________,identity,self-esteem,andemotionalregulationareallcloselylinkedtofinancialbehaviors.Weneedtotalkaboutmoneymoreoftennotjusthowtomakeit,buthowwefeelaboutit.Therapistsshouldbeabletoaskaboutfinancialstresswithconfidence.Financialeducationoughttobepeople’sfeelingsofisolationandshame.Financialstresscanmakeyoufeelhelpless,butby_________theemotionalissueofmoneyandbuildinghealthierhabits,wecanmovefromcrisistoconfidence.Thenexttimeyouseethe_________“Payin3”button,takeamomentto_________.Askyourself:DoIreallyneedthis?OrdoIjustneedtofeelbetter?Weliveinaworldwheremoneyis_________,buttheemotionalpriceitbringsisvery,veryreal.Ifwestartnoticingthatcost—notjustinpounds,dollars,orrupees,butinstress,shame,andmental_________wemightfinallytreatmoneynotonlyasaresource,butassomethingdeeplypsychological.31.A．amplifyB．emergeC．exitD．enter32.A．drainedB．obsessedC．horrifiedD．unprovoked33.A．associationB．disconnectionC．assumptionD．distribution34.A．intrusiveB．intuitiveC．impulsiveD．intensive35.A．understandableB．unpredictableC．adaptableD．accessible36.A．obsessiveB．greedyC．randomD．passionate37.A．InspiteofB．IntermsofC．IncontrasttoD．Inadditionto38.A．acknowledgeB．comprehendC．interpretD．oppose39.A．wordB．thoughtC．tapD．move40.A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．ContrarilyD．Additionally41.A．addressingB．addingC．sheddingD．scripting42.A．decentB．temptingC．authenticD．sacred43.A．pauseB．optC．wonderD．doubt44.A．vitalB．visibleC．intangibleD．overwhelming45.A．gratificationB．gratitudeC．fraudD．fatigue四、阅读理解(★★★)TheRoadLessTakentotheNobelPrizeFrancesArnoldhasalwaysbeenarebel.Herwillingnesstoquestionauthorityandmakeherownwayhelpedherearnthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistryforherpioneeringworkin“directedevolutionofenzymes(酶).”Gettingthere,though,requiredArnoldtorefineherinnovativeeffortinaprocessthattookdecades.Arnold,65,grewupinaconservativefamilyinasuburbofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Attheageof15,shelefthometoseekanindependentlife.Shefoundherownapartmentinthecityandworkedanumberofjobstogetby–whilestillattendinghighschool.Theexperiencetaughthervaluablelifelessons.“I'mnotafollower,”shesays.“Ihadtodomythinginmyownwayandoftenitwasthehardway.”Arnoldwaseventuallyreconciled(和解)withherfamily.SheappliedtothemechanicalengineeringdepartmentatPrincetonUniversity,herdad'salmamater(母校).Aftergraduatingin1979,shebrieflytookupjobsinsolartechnologybeforerealizingitwasnotwhereherpassionlay.Herdeterminationtomakeadifference,however,remainedunchanged.ShewentbacktoschooltoearnadvanceddegreesinchemicalengineeringattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyWhenshecompletedherpostdoctoral(博士后的)worktherein1986,ArnoldjoinedthefacultyatCaltech(加州理工学院)andhassincebeenworkingthereinthefieldsofchemicalengineering,bioengineeringandbiochemistry.Intermsofresearchpotential,hertimingwasperfect.TheworldofDNAwasjustopeningup.Genesplicing(基因剪接)technologywasnew.“Wewerehopingtomakethecodeoflifeworkforus.”Arnoldrecalls.Atthetimeitwasacomplicated,laboriousprocessthatrequiredknowingwhichchangesintheDNAwouldleadtowhatevertraitstheresearcherswantedtochange.Tomakeausefulmedicine,forinstance,theresponsiblegenehadtobemodified.Neveronetofollowthecrowd,shethoughtshehadabetteridea—useevolution,becauseDNAwas“composedbyevolutionoverthemillennia.”Hervisionwastospeeditupandmakeitworkforus.“Humanshavebeencreatingnewformsoflifebyartificialselectionforthousandsofyears,”shesays.“Fromcorntohairlesscats,we'vebeenmodifyingDNAtoserveusbychoosingwhogoesontoparentthenextgeneration.”Shedecidedtobreedproteinsthathadthetraitsshewasinterestedin.Andasitturnedout,proteinswereabletoadaptquicklytonewdemandsthatwerebeingplaceduponthem.“Tome,(directedevolution)seemedobvious,”sherecalls.Thiswasnottrueforeveryone.“Igotalotofpushback.Peopleweretellingmetheonlyproperwaywastositdownanddesigngenes.”Despitethepressure,Arnoldpersevered.Inpartitwasherdeterminationandcourage.Butshedoesn’tclaimcreditforherself.“AnythingIdoissmall.ButIamplifythatbysharingideaswithotherpeople,”shesays.“TheygavemetheNobelPrizereallybecausemyideasweremagnified(放大)bysomanyotherpeople.”46.WhatdoweknowaboutArnold'searlylifefromthepassage?

A．At15,sheleftherconservativefamily,aimingtoavoidtheold-fashionedways.B．Shetookmultiplejobsinthecitytoliveadecentlifewhilegoingtohighschool.C．LivingindependentlyshapedherpersonalityofstickingtoherownapproachD．ShereconciledwithherfamilyandwasadmittedtoPrincetonasherfatherwished47.WhydidArnold'sapproachtoenzymeresearchfaceinitialdoubt?

A．Itcontradictedtraditionalgene-editingmethodsB．Shelackedformaltrainingandonlygotperfecttiming.C．Directedevolutionwasconsideredtooexpensive.D．Proteinsweretooquicktoadapttonewdemands.48.WhatwasArnold'saltitudetowardthecriticismofdirectedevolutionmethod?

A．Discouragedandreadytoabandonherresearch.B．Firmyetopentocollaborativeimprovement.C．Indifferenttoanyexternalopinions.D．Overconfidentindismissingallopposition(★★)Whatisallergy?“LEAVESOFTHREE,letitbe;berrieswhite,takeflight.”Theoldrhymehelpsgardenersandhikersidentifypoisonivy,towhichatleastthreeoutoffourpeopleareallergic(对……过敏的).Thisrhymehelpstoavoidgettingareallybadrash(疹子).Butsomepeopleareallergictothingsthatarehardertoavoid.Pollen(花粉),insectstingsandevendustmites(尘螨)areallsourcesofallergies.Foodallergiesarealsocommon:Evenasmallbiteofpeanutsorshellfishcancausealife-threateningreactioninsomepeople.Thisbegsthequestion:Whatcausesallergies?Itisnottheallergens(过敏原),butyourbody'simmunesystem.Theimmunesystem'sjobistorecognizedangeroussubstancesthatenterthebodyandgetridofthem.Butsometimesitworkstoowell,goingintohighalertforsomethingthatisn'tallthatdangerous.Youcancompareittoasmokealarmgoingoffeverytimeyoucookapizza.Inotherwords,yourimmunesystemstartstofightthissmalldisturbanceasifitwereamajorthreat.Asaresult,anallergicreactionoccurs.Mostallergiesaretroublesome,andsomecanbedeadly.Whentheimmunesystemgetsconfusedaboutwhat’sdangerousandwhat'snot,itcancauseproblemsforthewholebody.Thefirsttimeapersonencountersanallergen,itmaynotcauseaproblem.Theimmunesystemlearnstorecognizetheallergen,soittakestimeforanallergytodevelop.Oncerecognizingtheallergen,theimmunesystemproducesantibodiestoattackit.Amongthem,IgEisthetypeofantibodythatcausesallergicreactions.IgEantibodiesactivatechemicalsthatcauseinflammation(发炎)inthebody.Thisinflammationcausessymptomssuchasastuffynose,wateryeyes,andrashes.Thesymptomsdependonthelocationofinflammationinthebody.Forexample,ifithappensintheskin,itcancausearash;ifithappensinthestomach,itcanleadtovomiting(呕吐)ordiarrhea(腹泻).IgEantibodiesarenotalwaysharmful,andtheyhelpthebodyfightoffparasites(寄生虫).Theywereextremelyimportantforourancestorstosurvivebecauseparasiteswerewidespreadinthepast.Sincemostpeopledonotcomeintocontactwithparasitesnow,IgEantibodieshavelosttheirjob.Asaresult,theysometimesgettooactiveandattackthewrongthings,causingallergies.49.Therhyme“Leavesofthree,letitbe”atthebeginningservesprimarilyto________

A．illustratethedangerofgardeningresultingfrompoisonivy.B．criticizetraditionalidentificationmethodsagainstpoisonivy.C．introducecommonallergytriggersthroughamemorableexample.D．emphasizetheimportanceofpoetryinscienceeducation.50.The“smokealarm”analogyinParagraph2isusedtoexplain________

A．whyallergensphysicallyharmthehumanbody.B．howtheimmunesystemoverreactstosomesubstances.C．thewayinwhichparasitesaredetectedbythebody.D．whyquickmedicalresponsereallymatters.51.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．Allergicreactionsrequirepriorexposuretodevelopantibodies.B．IgEantibodiescandirectlycauseinflammationwithoutchemicalactivation.C．ParasiteinfectionsremaintheprimaryfunctionofIgEinmodernhumans.D．Foodallergiestriggeridenticalsymptomsregardlessofbodylocation.(★★★)①Oneofprehistory’smostamazingmonumentsisStonehenge,England.Thishugemonumentismadeofgiganticblocksofstone.ThousandsofyearshavepassedsincethefirstblocksofstonewerebroughttoSalisburyPlainbuttheoriginsandthemeaningofStonehengeremainamystery.Throughthecenturiesnoonehaseverbeenabletorevealthemysterieshiddenbehind.②However,withtheinventionofradiocarbondating,scientistswereabletotellusthattheoldestpartsofStonehengewerebuiltaround5,000yearsago.ThismakesthemolderthanthepyramidsofEgypt.HistoriansandarchaeologistsnowthinkthatStonehengewasbuiltinthreemainphases③Atthestartofthefirstphase,ancientpeopledugalargeholeintheformofacircle.Inthemiddleofthecircletheymadeasmallhillwiththeearthfromthehole.④Thesecondphasebeganbeforethewheelwasinvented.Stonehengewasrebuiltusingaround80blocksofstone,eachweighingabout4tons.Archaeologistsknowthatthesestones(calledbluestones)camefromthemountainsofSouthWales,about320kilometresaway.Buthowpeopletransportedthebluestonesremainsamystery⑤Duringthethirdphase,theearlyBronzeAgepeopledecidedtorearrangethebluestonestoformthecircleweseetoday.Theyaddednew,evenlargerstones(fromanareaover30kilometresaway)toformstructurescalledtrilithons(twotallstoneswithathirdacrossthetop).⑥Todayabouthalfoftheoriginalmonumentsurvives.Overtheyearssomestoneshavefallenandothershavebeentakenawayandusedforbuilding⑦Whydidtheseancientpeopledevotesomuchtimeandenergytothishugemonument?WhattookplaceatStonehenge?Therehavebeenmanytheoriesoverthecenturies.TodaymanyexpertsbelievethatStonehengewasbuiltasanobservatoryoracalendar.TheBritishastronomerSirNormanLockyerfirstsuggestedthisin1901,butmanyscholarsdidnotagreewithhim.In1963anotherastronomer,GeraldHawkins,discoveredthattheimportantstonespointtodifferentpositionsofthesunorthemoon.HeconcludedthatStonehengewasanobservatoryandalsoakindofprimitivecomputer.Hesaidthatitpredictedeclipsesandthesummerandwintersolstices.Buttherearestillmanyuncertainties.HowdidtheancientpeoplewhobuiltStonehengeknowwheretoputthestones?Howcouldtheycalculatethemovementsofthesunandthemoonwithouttheknowledgewehavetoday?SomepeopleevenholdthebeliefthataliensfromanotherworldwereinvolvedintheconstructionofStonehenge.⑧Willanyoneeverfindtherightanswertothemystery?52.WhichofthefollowingisFalseabouttheconstructionofStonehenge?

A．TheenormousstonescontributetoStonehenge’sstatusasamagnificentprehistoricmonument.B．Thethirdphaserepositionedbluestonesintoacircleandaddedstonesfarawayfortrilithons.C．TherehaslongbeencontroversyoverhowthebluestonesweretransportedfromSouthWales.D．RadiocarbondatingsuggestscompletionofthepyramidswaspriortoStonehenge’searliestphase.53.Whatdidtrilithonsmostlikelyfunctionasbasedonthepassage?

A．Supportsforaroofoverthecentralcircle.B．Storagespacesforimplementsusedinconstruction.C．Markersforburialsitesaroundthemonument.D．Astructurefortrackingastronomicalmovements.54.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph6and7aboutStonehenge?

A．Humanremovalisbelievedtohaveaccountedforthelossofhalfofthestones.B．Thankstoaprimitivecomputer,themonumentcouldpreciselypredicteclipses.C．Ancientbuilderslikelyhadadvancedastronomicalknowledgebeyondcurrentunderstanding.D．Sincemanythingsremainmysterious,aliensmusthaveengagedinitscompletion.55.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A．TheconstructionprocessofStonehengeanditshistoricalsignificance.B．TheunsolvedmysteriesregardingStonehenge’spurposeandconstruction.C．TheroleofastronomersinuncoveringStonehenge’sconstructionandfunction.D．Thetechnologicallimitationsofancientpeopleintransportingmassivestones.(★★★★)ThePursuitofTrueHappinessinDavidCopperfieldDavidCopperfieldbyCharlesDickensismorethanjustastory;it’sajourneythroughthecomplexitiesoflife,love,andthepursuitofhappiness.David’searlylifeisfilledwithhardship.Losinghisfatherbeforebirthandfacingmistreatmentatthehandsofhisstepfather,heenduresachildhoodfarfromidyllic.Thisshowsthathappinessisn’tjustaboutalifewithoutproblemsbuthavingthestrengthtoovercomeobstacles.56Butthisexperiencemakeshimrealizetheimportanceofeducationandself-improvement,whichlaterbecomesacornerstoneofhispursuitofhappiness.LoveplaysacrucialroleinDavid’ssearchforhappiness.Hisfirstlove,Dora,isacharmingbutsomewhatimpracticalgirl.Dora’slackofdomesticskillsandpracticalitycausesomefrictionintheirmarriage.Thisshowsthatwhileloveisimportant,asuccessfulrelationshiprequiresmorethanjustpassion.57As