2025-2026学年上海市普陀区曹杨中学高三9月月考英语试卷

2025-2026学年上海市普陀区曹杨中学高三9月月考英语试卷一、语法填空(★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheBowStreetPoliceMuseum:AJourneyThroughHistoryIntheheartofLondonliesahiddentreasureforhistoryenthusiastsandcuriousmindsalike.TheBowStreetPoliceMuseumisafascinatingplace1historycomestolife,offeringauniquelookatoneofLondon'soldestpolicestations.LocatedincentralLondon,themuseumoccupies2wasoncetheBowStreetPoliceStationandMagistratesCourt.Thishistoricbuildingopenedin1881andplayedakeyroleinlawenforcementforoveracentury.Inthepast,peoplearrestedintheareawereheldovernightincellsbefore3(appear)incourtthenextmorning.Today,visitorscanexplorethesecells,includingaparticularlylargeonecalled“thetank.”Itonceheldmanypeopleatatimeandwasknown4(have)anawfulsmellandpoorconditions.Walkingintothetanktodaymakesiteasytoimaginehowunpleasantit5havebeenbackthen.ThemuseumalsotellsthestoryoftheBowStreetRunners,oftenconsideredLondon'sfirstorganizedpoliceforce.6(found)in1749bybrothersHenryandJohnFielding,thisgrouplaidthefoundationformodernpolicing.HenryFieldingwasalsoawell-knownauthor,andnewofficersunderhim7(equip)withsimpletoolslikehandcuffs,apistol,andasticktohelpmaintainpeace.Thepolicestationfinallyclosedin1992,whilethecourtcontinuedoperating82006.Ithostedseveralfamoustrials.Today,themuseum9(preserve)thisrichhistory,sharingstoriesofcrime,justice,andthepeoplewhoworkedthere.10you`reexploringthecellsorlearningaboutimportanttrials,theBowStreetPoliceMuseumoffersanunforgettablejourneyintothepast.二、选词填空(★★★★)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Whendidyoubegin?Youmightthinkyourlifebeganonthedayyouwereborn,butthetruestoryofyourbeginningisfarmorecomplex.Theatomsinyourbody—likethecarboninyourcellsandtheironinyourblood—werecreatedbillionsofyearsagointheheartsofancientstars.Theseelementsformedasstarsburned,exploded,andspreadtheirmaterialacrosstheuniverse.Aftertravelingthroughspace,they11becamepartofayoungEarthand,later,partofyou.Butwhataboutwhenyoubecamealiving,12being?There’snoclearanswer.Some13itasthemomentofconception(受孕)orthefirstheartbeat.Others,likedevelopmentalbiologistScottGilbert,arguethatthere’sno14agreementonwhenhumanlifeactuallystarts.Forcenturies,peoplebelievedlifebeganwhenamotherfirstfeltherbabymove—somethingcalledthe“quickening”.Today,technologyletsusseesignsoflifeearlier,butwe’restillleft15whatreallycountsasthebeginning.Andwhataboutwhenyoubecameyou?Childrenbegintodevelopasenseofselfaroundagetwo.Theystartrecognizingtheir16inmirrorsandusingwordslike“I”and“me.”Theseearlysignsofself-awarenessarethefoundationofwhatwethinkofaspersonal17.However,somescientistsbelieveoursenseofselfismorefluidandlesscontinuousthanweimagine.So,whendidyoubegin?Physically,you18backtothebirthofstars;19youbegandevelopingduringtheearlieststagesofpregnancy.Andasaconsciousbeing,yourjourneystartedinearlychildhood.Ratherthanhavingasinglestartingpoint,yourbeginningmightbeseenasaseriesof20momentsinanever-evolvingstory.三、完形填空(★★★)In1979,theUSpublicwasdrawntothe“Jimtwins,”apairofidenticaltwinbrothersadoptedatbirthbydifferentfamilieswhoreunitedatage39.Theirsharednameswerejustthebeginningoftheir________.Bothworkedinlawenforcement,enjoyedcarpentry,ownedChevrolets,andtookvacationsatthesamebeachinFlorida.Evenmorestriking,theybothmarriedwomennamedLinda,divorced,andlatermarriedaBetty.TheJimtwinsinspiredtheMinnesotaStudyofTwinsRearedApart,whichcompared137pairsofidenticalandnon-identicaltwinsraised________.Thisstudywasoneofthefirsttoshowthataroundhalfofpersonalitydifferencescomefromgenetics,________theideathatwearebornasblankslates(板).IthighlightedthecomplexityofthenatureVSnurture(培养)debate,atopicoften________indiscussions.InhisbookUnique:TheNewScienceofHumanIndividuality,neuroscientistDavidLindenexaminesthelatestresearchonthediversefactorsthat________humanbehaviorandphysiology.Heexploreshowweareinfluencedbyourgenes,upbringing,and________,exploringarangeoftopicsincludinghowwesleepandperceivetheworld.OneinterestingaspectLindendiscussesisourabilityto________smells.Whileitmayseemlikeafixedtrait(特点),researchshowsitismore________thanwethink.Inhigh-incomecountries,thesenseofsmellisoftenconsideredlessimportantthanvisionorhearing.________,hunter-gatherercommunitiesliketheManiqofThailandexcelatidentifyingsmells,likelyduetotheirrelianceonthisabilityforsurvival.Thisdifferenceextendsto________:theManiqlanguageincludes15abstractwordsforsmells,whileEnglishhasfewwordstodescribesmellsthataren'trelatedtotheirsource.Anotherimportantfactoraffecting________istherandomnessofearlydevelopment.Twinstudiesshowthatwhileabouthalfofpersonalitydifferencescomefromgenetics,parentinghasa________influence—usuallylessthan10%.GeneticistRobertPlominsuggeststhatmuchoftheremainingvariationcomesfromrandomeventsduringbraindevelopment.Lindenpointsoutthat“thewiringofthehumanbrainissocomplexthatitcan’tbepreciselydeterminedbyaperson’sDNA.”Smallrandomchangesincellpositionormovementcanleadtosignificant________inhowthebrainiswiredandfunctions.Despiteadvancementsinunderstandingbraindevelopment,many________remain.It’sunclearhowmanyoftheJimtwins’coincidencesoriginatedfromgeneticsimilaritiescomparedtorandomness.Whilewearejustbeginningto________thecomplexitiesofthehumanbrain,Linden’sworkprovidesvaluableinsightsthatcastlightonthenatureofindividuality.21.A．struggleB．similaritiesC．reunionD．innovations22.A．accordinglyB．regionallyC．consistentlyD．separately23.A．challengingB．introducingC．exploringD．borrowing24.A．understoodB．hiddenC．transitionedD．oversimplified25.A．shapeB．studyC．exhibitD．justify26.A．foodB．exerciseC．weatherD．chance27.A．dependuponB．battlewithC．discriminatebetweenD．consistin28.A．stableB．obviousC．flexibleD．weak29.A．IncontrastB．What’smoreC．AsaresultD．Bytheway30.A．loverhoodB．discussionC．appearanceD．language31.A．adaptabilityB．individualityC．sustainabilityD．predictability32.A．directB．crucialC．minimalD．combined33.A．improvementsB．differencesC．exceptionsD．relationships34.A．tracesB．costsC．questionsD．features35.A．graspB．avoidC．demandD．add四、阅读理解(★★★)Parenthoodisoftendescribedaslife’sgreatestgift—ajourneyofdeeploveandconnection.Childrenarethelightofyourlife,theoneswhomakeeverythingworthwhile.But,likeanylong-termrelationship,ithasitschallengingmoments.Yearsago,IwroteacolumnsuggestingthatwhatmostmothersreallywantforMother’sDayisn’tflowersorbreakfastinbed—it’sanapology.Aheartfeltacknowledgmentofallthemomentstheirchildrentestedtheirpatience.Picturethis:“March2004,losingmytemperonaferry—I’msorry.April2004,screamingbecauseyoubrokemycheese—I’msorry.April2004again,screamingbecausethereplacementcheesewasalso‘wrong’—I’msorry.”Parents,ofcourse,couldadmittheirownmistakes,likeaccidentallyruiningchildhoodmythsaboutSnowWhite.Itwouldbeawayforeveryonetostartfreshastheyenteredadulthood.WhileInevergotthoseapologies,arecentexperiencebroughtmeclosetothatfeeling.Bothmydaughtershaverecentlymovedoutandstartedtheirownindependentlives.Watchingthemfacetherealitiesofadulthoodhasbeenunexpectedlysatisfying.Everytimethey’resurprisedbyhowdifficultlifecanbe,itfeelslikeproofthatmyyearsofparentingpaidoff.Inadarklyhumorousway,it’salmostliketheperfectparentwouldleavetheirkidssounpreparedthat—theywouldn’tlastadayThankfully,Ididn’taimforthatkindofperfection—bothmydaughtersaredoingwell,despitesomestrugglesalongtheway.Still,theircommentsaboutadultlifearelittlevictoriesforme.OnedaughteradmittedshenowunderstandswhyIinsistedoncarpetsinsteadofconcretefloors.Sheevenseesthevalueofthingssheoncelaughedat,likecurtainsandelectricblankets.Anotherrevelationcamewhenshediscoveredhowexpensivebasicitemslikewashingpowderare.“Whyissomethingsoboringsocostly?”sheasked,shocked.It’snotjustthefinancialsurprises.They’vealsocometoappreciatethesmallcomfortsofhome.Onedaughteradmittedit’snicetowakeuptosomeonecookingbreakfast.SheusedtowishI’dleaveheraloneforaweekend,butnowsheseesthewarmthofhavingsomeonethere.I’mstillwaitingfortheultimateacknowledgment—whentheybecomeparentsthemselvesandtrulyunderstandmyefforts—butfornow,thesesmallrealizationsfeellikeasweetreward.36.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdomostmotherstrulywantforMother’sDay?

A．Flowersandbreakfastinbed.B．Agenuineexpressionofregretfromtheirchildren.C．Achancetoreflectontheirparentingachievements.D．AdiscussionaboutchildhoodmythslikeSnowWhite.37.Whatdoestheauthorfindsatisfyingaboutherdaughtersmovingout?

A．Theirnewfoundfreedom.B．Theirfinancialindependence.C．Findingthemunwillingtoleavehome.D．Seeingthemhandlethestrugglesofadultlife.38.Whatrealizationdidoneoftheauthor’sdaughtershaveabouthouseholditems?

A．Concretefloorsarebetterthancarpets.B．Washingpowderissurprisinglyexpensive.C．Electricblanketsareunnecessaryluxuries.D．Curtainsareoutdatedinteriordesignelements.39.Whydoestheauthorbelieveherdaughters’smallrealizationsarerewarding?

A．Theymakeherfeellessalone.B．Theyjustifyherparentingchoices.C．Theyhighlightherdaughters’maturity.D．Theyremindherofthewarmthoffamilylife.(★★★)40.IfyoupostalettertoFrance.whichislocatedinWesternEurope,onNovember1st,itwillarrivethere__________.

A．onNovember4thB．onNovember5thC．onNovember15thD．onNovember29th41.Ifyoupostaletter,weighing110g,totheUnitedStatesbyairmail,youneedtopay_________.

A．£2.31B．£2.61C．£2.70D．£3.0842.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A．ThecostofsendingapostcardtoJapanbyairmailis£0.42.B．YoucanchoosetosendalettertoGermanybysurfacemail.C．YoumustusethebrandedAirmailstickertosendaletterbyairmail.D．ApostdatedsenttoEgyptbysurfacemailmaytake9weekstoarrive.(★★★)Scientistsknowlittleabouthowsharkscametoexistbecauseofthewaytheirskeletonsaremade.Sharkshaveskeletons(骨骼)mostlymadeofcartilage,asoftandflexiblematerialthatdoesn’tfossilize(成为化石)well.Asaresult,sharksdon’tleaveclearremainslikeanimalswithhardbones.Thismeansthatsharkskeletonsdon’tleavebehindthesameclear,lastingremainsasanimalswithbonyskeletons.‌“Cartilageisatrickymaterial,”explainsJohnMaisey,ascientistattheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork.Forcenturies,scientistshavetriedtopiecetogetherthehistoryofsharksbutcouldonlymakeeducatedguessesthatsharksmighthavecomefromfishwithactualbones.However,arecentbreakthroughhasopenedupnewpossibilitiesforunderstandingwheresharkscamefrom.UsingadvancedCTscanningtechnology,MaiseyandhisteamexaminedtheonlyknownfossilofanancientfishcalledDoliodusproblematicus.Thisfossilis400millionyearsoldandwasfirstdiscoveredinthemid-1990sinCanada.Foryears,researcherscouldonlystudyitfromtheoutside,butin2014,newCTscanningtechnologyallowedthemtolookdeeperintoitsstructurewithoutdamagingit.Whattheyfoundcouldbeamissinglinkinthesharkevolutionpuzzle.Thescanrevealedsurprisingdetails.Unlikemodernsharks,whicharesmoothandlackexternalspines(棘刺),theDoliodusfossilhadspinesalongitsbackandnearitslowerbody.Thesespinesweresimilartothosefoundinanoldertypeoffishwithbothbonyandshark-likecharacteristics.Italsohadjawsandteethlikethoseofmodernsharks,showingamixoffeaturesfromearlybonyfishandtoday’ssharks.ThismakesDoliodusanimportantconnectionbetweentwogroupsoffish,offeringnewcluesaboutsharkevolution.“Thisisamajordiscovery,”saysMichaelCoates,anevolutionarybiologistattheUniversityofChicago.Coatesbelievesthatthesefindingssupporttheideathatacanthodians,theancientgroupwithbothbonyandshark-likecharacteristics,couldrepresentanimportantstepintheearlydevelopmentofsharks.Maisey’sresearchencouragesscientiststorevisitacanthodians,anextinctgroupoffishwithbothbonyandshark-likefeatures.Theseancientcreaturesarethoughttorepresentatransitionalstageinfishevolution,potentiallyreshapingwhatweknowabouttheoriginsofsharks.43.MainIdea:Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?

A．Findinganewsharkspecieswithadvancedtechnology.B．Theroleofsharksintheextinctionofancientfishspecies.C．Animportantdiscoveryinunderstandinghowsharksevolved.D．Effortstouncovertheoriginsofsharksthroughfossilresearch.44.Whyisittrickytostudytheevolutionofsharks?

A．Theirskeletonsrarelyendureovertime.B．Theirremainsarehardtofindinancientrocklayers.C．Theirevolutionaryhistoryistoorecenttobeunderstood.D．Theirboneshavebeenconfusedwiththoseofotherfishspecies.45.WhatisthesignificanceoftheDoliodusproblematicusfossil?

A．Itconfirmsthatsharksevolvedmainlyfromacanthodians.B．Itsuggeststhatancientsharkslackedbothjawsandspines.C．Itprovesthatsharksaredirectlyrelatedtomodernbonyfish.D．Itshowsaconnectionbetweenearlybonyfishandmodernsharks.46.Howisthepassageorganized?

A．BydescribingseveralfossilsbeforefocusingonDoliodus.B．Bycomparingfeaturesofsharksandacanthodiansindetail.C．Byexplainingthedifficultiesinstudyingsharksandsharingnewfindings.D．Bysummarizingpastresearchonancientfishwithoutintroducingnewinsights.(★★★)BacktotheDrawingBoardThetraditionalapproachtofindinghabitable(可居住的)planetsoutsideoursolarsystemhasbeentolookforEarth-likeplanetsinastar’s“Goldilockszone,”whereit’snottoohotortoocoldforliquidwater.47.Inotherwords,theconditionsforlifemaybemorecomplexandvariedthanpreviouslythought.Astrophysicistsnowbelievethatinadditiontotherighttemperaturerange,severalotherfactorsarecriticalindeterminingwhetheraplanetcansupportlife.Theseincludetheplanet’smass,atmosphericcomposition,anditsmagneticfield,whichcanprotecttheplanetfromharmfulradiation.Furthermore,theplanet’sorbitaldynamicsplaysignificantrolesinstabilizingitsclimateoverlongperiods.Recentstudieshaveshownthatsomeplanetsmightexhibitwhatscientistscall“fractionalhabitability.”48Instead,areasorperiodsthatcansupportlifemightbeenough,similartohowlifeonEarthexistsinvariousenvironmentslikedeepoceansanddeserts.Forinstance,aplanetorbitingareddwarfstar—commonbutfaintstarsinourgalaxy—mightexperienceintensetidalheatingduetoitsclosenesstoitsstar.Thistidalheatingcouldpreventtheplanet’ssurfacefromfreezingentirely,creatingpotentialunderwaterorundergroundhabitats,despitethestar’sweaksolaroutput.Additionally,thevolcanicactivitystimulatedbytidalforcescouldreleasegasesessentialforanatmospherecapableofsupportinglife.49Suchplanetsmightbemostlyunfriendlytolifeforpartoftheirorbitbutcouldofferbriefwindowswhereconditionsareperfectforlife.ThiskindofhabitabilitychallengesourEarth-centricviewoflife’srequirementsandsuggeststhatevenplanetsinthechaoticorbitsofbinarystarsystems(双星系统)mightoccasionallyhostlife-givingconditions.Asthesearchforextraterrestriallifecontinues,thesenewmodelshelpscientistsprioritizetargetsforfurtherinvestigation.50ThisbringsusclosertounderstandingthetruenatureofhabitabilityandperhapseventualfindinglifebeyondEarth.

A．Thisconceptsuggeststhataplanetdoesnotneedtobefullyhabitableacrossitsentiresurfaceallthetimetosupportlife.B．EvenEarthisnot100percenthabitablebythestandardliquid-waterdefinition.C．Anotherpossibilityinvolvesplanetswithirregularorbits,leadingtoextremeseasonalchanges.D．Itsoundslikeasimpleenoughwishlist,butfindingaplanetthatfulfilsallofthesecriteriahaskeptastronomersbusyfordecades.E．However,recentadvancementsinastronomyhaveexpandedourunderstandingofplanetaryhabitability.F．Witheachdiscovery,welearnmoreaboutthevastdiversityofplanetaryenvironments.五、书面表达(★★★)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.PrivacyConcernswithGoogle’sDataCollectionAsGoogleexpandeditsservices,thecompanyfacedincreasingcriticismoveritshandlingofuserdata,particularlywithitsemailservice,Gmail.Gmail,whichoffersfreeemailaccounts,fundsitselfthroughtargetedadvertising.Todelivertheseads,Googleanalyzesthecontentofusers’emailstoidentifyrelevantkeywords.Thispractice,whileeffectiveforadtargeting,raisedsignificantprivacyconcerns.Manyusersfeltuncomfortablewiththeideaoftheiremailsbeingscanned,evenifitwasdonebyalgorithms(算法)ratherthanhumans.Theyarguedthatthispracticeconstitutedaninvasionofprivacy,despiteGoogle’sassurancesthatthecontentwasonlyanalyzedbyautomatedsystems.Googledefendeditsapproachbypointingoutthatotheremailservicesusesimilarmethodstofightspam(垃圾邮件)andshowmorerelevantads.However,thecontroversyrevealedabroaderissueregardingtheextenttowhichcompaniesshouldbeallowedtoanalyzeuserdataforcommercialpurposes.TheprivacydebateextendedbeyondGmailtootherGoogleservices,suchasGoogleStreetView.Thisservice,whichprovidesimagesofstreetsaroundtheworld,wasintendedtoenhanceuserexperiencebyofferingdetailedvisualmaps.However,manyindividualsandgovernmentsexpressedconcernsoverthepotentialformisuseoftheseimages,particularlyregardingprivacyandsecurity.Somearguedthattheabilitytoviewdetailedstreet-levelimagescouldposerisksifusedforharmfulpurposes.Inresponsetotheseconcerns,Googletookmeasurestoblur(模糊)facesandlice