2025年考研英语二真题深度剖析与答案精讲

年全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案和解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Foreachnumberedblanktherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET

I.(10points)

TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclareda

globalepidemiconJune11,.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic1by

theWorIdHealthOrganizationin41years.

Theheightenedalert2anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsin

GenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,and

rising3inDritain,Japan,ChiIeandeIsewhere.

Buttheepidemicis"4"inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,

theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,5theoverwhelmingmajorityof

patientsexperiencingonlymiIdsymptomsandafulIrecovery,ofteninthe

6ofanymedicaItreatment.

TheoutbreakcametogIobsI7inlateApril,whenMexicanauthorities

noticedanunusuallyIargenumberofhospitalizationsand

deaths8healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheight

ofapanic,casesbegantc9inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnited

StatesandaroundtheworId.

IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade10warmerweather

arrived.ButinlateSeptember,officialsreportedtherewas11flu

activityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyalIthe12testedare

thenewswinefIu,aIsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonaIflu.IntheU.S.,it

has13morethanonemillionpeopIe,andcausedmorethan600deaths

andmorethan6,000hospitalizations.

FederaIhealthofficials14TamifluforchiIdrenfromthenational

stockpiIeandbegan15ordersfromthestatesforthenewswineflu

vaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannuaIfluvaccine,is

16aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreeiriIIiondosesweretobe

madeavaiIableinearlyOctober,thoughmostofthose17dosesv/ere

oftheFluMistnasaIspraytype,whichisnot18forpregnantwomen,

peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveraI

other19Butitv/asstillpossibletoveccinatepeopleinother

high-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,people20infantsandhealthy

youngpeople.

1[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented

[D]designated

2[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed

[D]prompted

3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts

[D]sums

4[A]iiivderate[B]nurmuI[C]uriubtldI

[D]extreme

5[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by

6[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence

[D]favor

7[A]reaIity[B]phenomenon[C]concept

[D]notice

8.[A]over[B]for[C]among

[D]to

9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup

[D]coverup

10[A]as[B]if[C]unless

[D]untiI

11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]!significant

[D]magnificent

12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns

[D]samples

13[A]imparted[B]immerse[C]injected

[D]infected

14[A]released[B]relayed[C]reIieved

[D]remained

15[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking

[D]giving

16[A]feasible[B]avaiIable[C]reliable

[D]applicable

17[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative

[D]initial

18[A]prebcnlcd[B]rebtriuled[0]rcuufiiiicnded

[D]introduced

19[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies

[D]sufferings

20[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concerned

with[D]wardingoff

SectionIIReadingcomprehension

PartA

Text1

TheIongestbulIruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedona

dramaticnotewithasaIeof56worksbyDamienHirst,uBeautifuIInsideMy

HeadForeverM,atSotheby'sinLondononSeptember15th.AlIbuttwopieces

sold,fetchingmorethan£70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwas

aIastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneofthe

oldestbanksonWalIStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.

TheworIdartmarkethadaIreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafter

risingbev/iIderinglysince.Atitspeakinitwasworthsome$65billion,

reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm-doubIethe

figurefiveyearsearIier.Sineethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.But

themarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogether

greatweaIth,enormouseges,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedby

fewotherindustries.

IntheweeksandmonthsthatfoIIowedMrHirst'ssale,spendingofany

sortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebaiI-outof

thebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemise

ofmanyart-buyinginvestors.IntheartworIdthatmeantcollectorsstayed

awayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.SalesofcontemporaryartfelIbytwo-thirds,

aridirithemubtuverhculecbculur—furChineseuurilcmpuraryarl—theywereduwn

bynearly90%intheyeartoNovember.Withinweekstheworld'stwobiggest

auctionhouses,Sotheby*sandChristiets,hadtopayoutnearly$200min

guaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.

ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsineetheJapanese

stoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemost

seriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorldWar.Thistimeexperts

reckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsome

havebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdv/ardDolman,Christie'schiefexecutive,

says:'Tmprettyconfidentwe'reatthebottom.

WhatmakesthissIumpdifferentfromtheIast,hesays,isthatthereare

stillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrates

werehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.

Christie,srevenuesinthefirsthaIfofwerestillhigherthaninthefirst

halfof.AImosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaid

thatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackof

goodworktosell.ThethreeDs-death,debtanddivorce-stilldeliverworks

ofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,

waitingforconfidencetoreturn.

21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alast

victoryMbecause.

A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictories

B.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbids

C.BeautifuIInsideMyHeadForeverwonoveraIImasterpieces

D.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworIdfinancialcrisis

22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable"(Line1-

2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat.

A.vuIIculursworeriuIvrigcruulivcIyinvolvediriarLinarketauuliuns

B.peopIestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalIeries

C.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappeaItoagreatextent

D.worksofartingeneraIhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworth

buying

23.WhichofthefoIIcwingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.SalesofcontemporaryartfelIdramaticsIlyfronto.

B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesnmomentum.

C.ThemarketgeneraIlywentdownv/ardinvariousways.

D.Someartdealerswereav/aitingbetterchancestocome.

24.ThethreeDsmentionedintheIastparagraphare____

A.auctionhouses'favorites

B.contemporarytrends

C.factorspromotingartworkcirculation

D.stylesrepresentingimpressionists

25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___

A.FIuctuationofArtPrices

B.Up-to-dateArtAuctions

C.ArtMarketinDecIine

D.ShiftedInterestinArts

Text2

IwasaddressingasmaIIgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-a

women'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningoneman

hadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,while

hiswifesatsilentIybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningI

commentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttaIktothem.

Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,

"She'sthelaIkcririuurfamiIy.TherQUIIIburstirituIciughler;LticmanIuuked

puzzledandhurt."It'strue,"heexplained."V/henIcomehomefromwork,I

havenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoing,we'dspendthe

wholeeveninginsiIence.

ThisepisodecrystaIIizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalk

morethanwomeninpubIicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthis

patterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerintheIate

1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"Divorce

Talk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed——butonlyafewofthemen——gave

lackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrent

divorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomiIIionsofcasesinthe

UnitedStateseveryyear-avirtuaIepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoften

focusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechancefora

careertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareof

dailyIife-supportworkIikecleaning,cooking,sociaIarrangementsanderrands.

Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication："Hedoesn'tIistentome.""Hedoesn't

taIktome.IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheir

husbandstobefirstancforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbands

sharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthe

stereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewitha

newspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,v/hiIeawomanglaresatthebackofit,

wantingtotalk.

26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

A.Talkingtothem.

B.TrubtirigIhcin.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line

3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.

A.generatingmotivation.

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

28.AlIofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT

A.mentendtotaIkmoreinpubIicthanwomen

B.nearly50percentcfrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

D.afemaIetendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

29.WhichofthefoIIcwingcanbestsummarizethenainideaofthistext?

A.ThemoraIdecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.ConversationaIpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

30.InthefoIIowingpartimmediateIyafterthistext,theauthorwiIImost

probablyfocuson

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicaIcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorceratentheU.S.

D.abriefintroducticntothepoliticaIscientistAndrewHacker

Text3

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreating

auluiiidticbehaviors——habils——aniurigcuribunicrs.Tlcs>ehubiIshaveheIped

companiesearnbiIIionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,appIyIotionsand

wipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefuIIy

designedsetofdailycues.

MTherearefundamentsIpubIichealthproblems,Iikedirtyhandsinsteadof

asoaphabit,thatremainkiIlersonlybecausewecan*tfigureouthowto

changepeopIe'shabits,"Dr.Curtissaid."Wewantedtolearnfromprivate

industryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatica11y.w

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-

PaImoIiveandUnilever——hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfinding

thesubtlecuesinconsumers'Iivesthatcorporationscouldusetointroduce

newroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you'IIfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseevery

day——chev/inggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,

waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,

fabricsofteners,vitamins-areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,

fev/peopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,because

ofcannyadvertisingandpubIichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabitually

givetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwith

Colgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn'tdrinkwateroutsideofameaI.

ThenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottIingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,and

nov/officeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateraIdaylong.Chewinggum,

onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasa

breathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersare

advertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,sIippedinbetweenhairbrushing

andputtingonmakeup.

“OurpruduulbbuuueccwhenIhcybeuurncpurIufdailyurweekIypalterns,,y

saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychoIogistwhorecentIyretiredfromProcter&

Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproducts

lastyear."Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingour

consumers,Iives,andit'sessentialtomakingnewproductscommercially

viable.w

Throughexperimentsandobservation,sociaIscientistsIikeDr.Berning

havelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabituaIcues

throughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged.

controversieshaveeruptecwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtose11questionable

beautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitsIikehandwashngwithsoap.

[A]shouldbefurthercultivated

[B]shouldbechangedgradua11y

[C]aredeeplyrootedinhistory

[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns

32.Bottledv/ater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedin

Paragraph5soasto

[A]reveaItheirimpactonpeopIe*shabits

[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople'sbuyingpower

[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

33.Whichofthefo11owingdoesNOTbelongtop-oductsthatheIpcreate

people'shabits?

[A]Tide

[B]Crest

[C]CoIgate

[D]Unilever

34._Fromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumer'shabitsaredeveIopeddue

to_____

[A]perfectedartofproducts

[B]automaticbehaviorcreation

[C]commerciaIpromotions

[D]scientificexperiments

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementon

people'shabitsis

[A]indifferent

[B]negative

[C]positive

[D]biased

Text4

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucial

democraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthataIIcitizenswhomeetminimal

quaIificationsofageandIiteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;

thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionof

thecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryon

accountofrace,reIigion,sex,ornationaIorigin;thatdefendantsare

entitledtotrialbytheirpeers；andthatverdictsshouldrepresentthe

conscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryis

aIsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentative

democracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,

ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthen.

Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconfIictedwiththese

democraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywasIimitedto

persunsufsupposedlysuperioririteIIigcnue,cduualiun,aridmuraIuliaruulcr.

AlthoughtheSupremeCoirtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentional

racialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.

WestVirginia,thepracticeofseIectingso-ca11edeliteorblue-ribbonjuries

providedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

ThesystemaIsofailedtoregularlyincIudewomenonjuriesuntiIthemid-

20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,it

wasnotuntiIthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadev/omeneligibleforjury

duty.EventhenseveraIstatesautomaticaIlyexemptedwomenfromjuryduty

unlesstheypersonaIlyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejuryIist.

Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatv/omenwereneededathome,andit

keptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionand

ServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislaw

abolishedspecialeducaticnaIrequirementsforfederaIjurorsandrequiredthem

tobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthe

landmark1975decisionTaylorvs.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedthe

requirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofalIpartsofthecommunitytothe

statelevel.TheTaylordecisionaIsodecIaredsexdiscriminationinjury

selectiontobeunconstitutionaIandorderedstatestousethesameprocedures

forselectingmaleandfemaIejurors.

36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,weearnthat

[A]bothIiberateandiIIiteratepeoplecanserveonjuries

[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

[C]noageIimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice

[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepubic

37.Thepracticeofselectingso-caIIedelitejurorspriorto1968

sliuwcd

[A]theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws

[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

[C]theconfIictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures

[D]thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjustices

38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseIdomonthejuryIistinsomestates

because

[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws

[B]theyfelIfarshortoftherequiredquaIifications

[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties

[D]theytendedtoevadepubIicengagement

39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___

[A]sexdiscriminatiorinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionaIandhadtobe

abolished

[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaI

jurors

[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentire

community

[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederaIcourtinreformingthejury

system

40.IndiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson

[A]itsnatureandproblems

[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition

[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions

[D]itstraditionanddeveIopment

PartB

BOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnev/est

airordfI,the787aridA350rebpcutiveIy.TheiruIeverdesignsaridIighlncighl

compositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanford

University,ledbyIIanKroo,hassuggestedthatairIinescouldtakeamore

naturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouIdnotrequirethemto

buynewaircraft.

Theanswer,saysDrKroo,Iieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminaIpaper

byaGermanresearchercalledCarIWieseIsberger,scientistshaveknownthat

birdsflyinginformation-aV-shape,echelonorotherwise-expendlessenergy.

Theairflowingoverabird*swingscurIsupwardsbehindthewingtips,a

phenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduced

drag,andspendlessenergypropelIingthemselves.PeterLissaman,an

aeronauticsexpertwhowasformerIyatCaItechandtheUniversityofSouthern

Whenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.

DrKrooandhisteammodelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjets

departingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousover

Utah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallyssoaIIcouldhaveaturn

inthemostfavourablepcsitions,andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthatthe

aircraftconsumedasmuchas15%IessfueI(withaconcomitantreductionin

carbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportions

oftheflightfelIbyaroundaquarter.

Thereare,ofcourse,kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety,

oratleasttheperceptionofit.WouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravelIing

inconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveraI

nauticaImiles,andwouIdnotbeintheunnervinglycosygroupingsfavouredby

displayteamsIiketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmight

notevenseetheotherplane