2025年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybea

resounding''yes!/zlhelpingyoufeelcloseand2topeople

youcareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealth

benefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembrace

mightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchers

fromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedthe

effectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_6

theparticipants7susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncold

afterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocial

supportwerelesslikelytocome8withacoldzandthe

researchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging

[0about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.工工among

thosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportand

receivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13

riskforcoldsthat'susually14withstress,“notesSheldon

Cohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging''isa

markerofintimacyandhelps工5thefeelingthatothersare

theretohelp16difficulty/7

Someexpertsthestress-reducing,health-related

benefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled''the

bondinghormone"1.8itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,

includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.

Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrainr

andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit

[9inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout

2.[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior

3.[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting

6.[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on

7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out

9.[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined

10.[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained

11.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors

13.[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased

14.[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]in

thenameof

17.[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return

18.[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until

19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases

20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences\

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvance

authoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomestic

flight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasingly

massivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurity

proceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAir

Flight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedoverthe

MediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.But

demandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittle

securityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.And

itshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicand

privatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)

foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereableto

sneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearly

everytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,

combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimproving

Chicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmore

effectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"has

failedto・

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]promotesportparticipation

[C]improvethecity'simage

[D]increasesporthoursInschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentformOlympicgamesinthatit・

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthat

governmentsshould.

[A]organize"grassroots“sportsevents

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[D]investinpubicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshaveto

doneforsportsis.

[A]tolerant

[B]critical

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

''TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers/'wroteQueen

Liliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.Star

watcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiian

society.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.

ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeter

Telescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisesto

revolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,a

dormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,that

connectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeais

alsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.

RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethe

bulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallow

telescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.Asmall

butvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewed

theirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainful

reminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongsto

astronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,they

forgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.

TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea's

fragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.

Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingculture

undergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbackto

thedawnofcivilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatlies

beyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesiansto

Hawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexplorethe

heavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaorto

banfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomy

andHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsabout

whoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.

Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringa

primalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

Theastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochange

itsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethe

telescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeological

andenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthenumberoftelescopeson

MaunaKeazoldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimes

andtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhy

everyonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheir

culturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocals

partlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressin

today'sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaasthe

TMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures

''everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile/*With

BritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalready

predictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassess

whathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyed

policymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawed

concept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthings

thatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvy

oftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhigh

growthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover

17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhat

itcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvert

growthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Across

the163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorest

performersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedinto

meaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.Ratherthanjust

focusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,

educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredto

getamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,there

areanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeena

buddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butin

keyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,major

economieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewith

allcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseen

hugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,

incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisno

longerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,the

worldlooksverydifferent.

So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhas

beenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomic

activityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough・Itdoes

notIncludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityor

educationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson's

senseofwell-being.

Thesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandinthe

UKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependon

forourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocus

effortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworrying

aboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayeven

seeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern・

[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannual

study?

[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening・

34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues・

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[B]GDPFiguresraWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthas

overturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginia

governor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseat

theethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasa

RolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseeking

accesstogovernment.

Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnelKs

trialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis''officialacts,“

ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled”

issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,

unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnot

corruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnfor

openingdoorsis''distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-bribery

laws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapproval

ofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makinga

phonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan''officialact”.

Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindof

favoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedto

helpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearof

prosecutionforbriberyThebasiccompactunderlying

representativegovernment,“wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsfor

thecourt/7assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheir

constituentsandactontheirconcerns.

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelected

representatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccessto

government.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesin

providinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecausean

individualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonal

gift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsin

governmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,

rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader's

sourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsof

corruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmust

avoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaverage

peopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasic

premiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentby

government-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonan

understandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstboth

corruptionandofficialfavoritism.

36.Theunderminedsentence(Para.l)mostprobablyshows

thatthecourt

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnelKsduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnelKsethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemed

corruptiveonlyifitinvolves

[A]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublic

officialsare

[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyare

neededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs

intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthem

intothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectly

placed.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPoplarWalk”

broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepages

ofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,which

appearedunderthepenname"BON"inTheEveningChronicle,

earnedhimamodestreputation.

[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitis

generallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.Therewere

PickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacled

hero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.

[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirm

approachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asa

backdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobert

Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.With

characteristicconfidence,Dickenssuccessfullyinsistedthat

Seymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirst

installment,Dickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrecta

drawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.

Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressed

hisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublishers

simplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel；The

PosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin

1836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomany

people,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.A

moralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.Dickenscraftedcomplex

plotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglish

society.

[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgota

betterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.Hetaughthimself

shorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographer

andasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,who

hadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhimespecially

anythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscure

magazines.

[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssouthern

coast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-a

respectableposition,butwishlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternal

grandparents,astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenless

status,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheir

background.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamore

respectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,his

mother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,neverto

return.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutof

schoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,a

shoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas

''theyounggentleman/,Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.

Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborinthe

blackingfactoryformedDicken'sgreatestwoundandbecamehis

deepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,

althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhis

fiction.

[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.In

OliverTwist,etracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhouseto

thecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,

combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightof

Pickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDichens7as

anationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.

D-41•一42.一43.一44•一B-45.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe

underlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe

writtenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimary

languageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeen

continuingforseveraldecades.

(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpands

furthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthe

languagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculture

changecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishas

thelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoy

advantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequently

facenewpressures.Thoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedin

thestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol

(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentedness

amongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishis

sostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonot

needadditionallanguagecapabilities.

DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesface

ableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfrom

othercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageover

theirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.

Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishinto

theprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenand

studentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementto

achievefluencyinotherlanguages.

Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelative

strengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducation

marketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,

suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternational

businessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,

FrenchandGerman,spreads.

(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclear

andmajorchallengestoUK'sprovidersofEnglishlanguage

teachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducation

businesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectly

earnsnearly&1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandour

othereducationrelatedexploresearnupto&10billionayear

more.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecent

slowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthe

mainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyif

therearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.

Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythis

studyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhich

seektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperating

environment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthis

asinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemust

prepareforit.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

51.Directions：

YouaretowriteanemailtoJamesCook,anewly-arrived

Australianprofessor,recommendingsometouristattractionsin

yourcity.Pleasegivereasonsforyourrecommendation.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use''Li

Ming,rinstead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions：