高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 考点分类练10　主旨大意题

考点分类练(十)主旨大意题(1)高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024福建泉州三模)主题:改造旧飞机

词数:305

难度:★★★☆☆BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.Forabout$220,000,hepurchasedaGreekairliner—aBoeing727-400—thatloggedabout40,000flightsinitspeak.BeforeCampbellgothishandsonhisBoeing727andtransformeditintotheairplanehomehelivesin,thisaircraftsawregularuseasittransportedallkindsofpeopletoallsortsofdestinations.Afterthesuccessfultransform,hehostedabigDJdancepartywithacoupleoffriends.Theparty,calledTurbulence:A

Dance

Party

at

a

727

in

the

Woods,happenedrightonthewing!Guestswhoattendedthepartyalsogottheopportunitytotakealookattheairplanehome.Overall,theygottheattentionof14,000Metauserswhowereinterestedinwhatsoundedlikeanincredibleparty.Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehomeduringthebeginningof2018ontheKyushuIslandcoastbecausehewantedittoserveasasafeplaceforthelocalcommunityaswell.PartofBruceCampbell’svisionwastomakeanairlinerthatdoubledasalifeboatincasetsunami(海啸)threatswereissued.Hewantedthegeneralpublictofindoutthatplanesarecapableofsurvivinghundredsofyearsandthecruelestweatherconditionsthankstoitssealedpressuretechnology.Campbelladoredtheexcitementthathereceivedwhenherecycledairplanesandhopedthatpeoplewouldseriouslyconsideritaftertheygotthechancetoseehishomeduringtoursandevents.Hehaspostedonhiswebsitethatitishisgoalto“inspirearenaissance(复兴)ofthoughtabouthowtoemploythisremarkableresource”.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce

Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事。1.What

drew

wide

public

attention

to

Campbell’s

first

transformed

plane?A.Its

high

residential

comfort

level.B.Its

remarkable

transporting

capacity.C.The

incredibly

high

transformation

cost.D.The

Meta

post

of

a

party

held

on

it.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,Meta上举办派对的帖子吸引了公众对Campbell第一架改装飞机的广泛关注,故选D项。2.What

did

Campbell

think

the

second

plane

could

serve

as?A.A

tsunami

warning

center.B.A

meeting

place

for

local

community.C.A

temporary

shelter

in

disasters.D.An

engineering

workshop.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据第四段中“This

talented

engineer

got

another

airliner

and

started

on

his

second

airplane

home...in

case

tsunami

threats

were

issued.”可知,Campbell认为第二架飞机可以用作灾难中的临时避难所,故选C项。3.Why

did

Campbell

transform

the

planes?A.To

direct

attention

to

housing

problems.B.To

satisfy

his

scientific

curiosity.C.To

advocate

a

greener

lifestyle.D.To

call

for

participation

in

recycling.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知,Campbell改造飞机是为了呼吁市民参与循环再造。4.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.A

former

engineer

turning

retired

planes

into

home.B.Recent

trends

of

renaissance-themed

decoration.C.A

talented

home

designer

receiving

online

fame.D.Diverse

approaches

for

sustainable

living.答案

A解析

主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合第一段“Bruce

Campbell,a

retired

electrical

engineer,wanted

to

change

the

behavior

of

mankind

by

showing

how

we

can

recycle

old

things

into

new-

and

practical-

and

livable

ones.”可知,文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce

Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事,A项“一位前工程师把退役的飞机变成了家”能够总结文章大意。Passage

2

(2024浙江绍兴二模)主题:弃用草书

词数:336

难度:★★★☆☆Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草书).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn’treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI’djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A.”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I’mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪,到意识到现代趋势使它变得不那么实用和容易理解的过程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽,但看不懂他们手写的明信片,所以为了清晰起见,他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变,从手写交流向打字交流转变,显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。5.What

do

we

know

about

the

Palmer

Penmanship

Method?A.It

is

characterized

by

big

flowing

lines.B.It

is

rarely

appreciated

by

traditionalists.C.It

was

not

allowed

in

students’

homework.D.It

is

viewed

as

a

trend

in

handwriting

styles.答案

A解析

细节理解题。根据第一段中“The

teacher

was

teaching

us

the

Palmer

Penmanship

Method,drilling

into

us

the

importance

of

forming

big

flowing

lines

when

we

wrote

g’s

and

s’s

as

well

as

beautiful

f’s

that

in

my

mind

were

like

fairy

tale

princesses

wearing

fancy

hats

while

extending

their

right

foot.”可知,帕尔默书法的特点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。6.What

weakened

the

writer’s

belief

in

cursive?A.The

popularity

of

block

letters

in

recent

times.B.The

younger

generation’s

disinterest

in

cursive.C.His

friends’

failure

to

comprehend

his

postcards.D.His

English

friend’s

suggestion

on

postcard

design.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。7.Why

did

the

writer

switch

to

block

letters

for

communication?A.To

deliver

his

message

clearly.B.To

improve

his

handwriting

skills.C.To

win

praise

from

his

friends.D.To

show

his

passion

for

calligraphy.答案

A解析

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。故选A项。8.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.The

wide

use

of

cursive.B.The

sad

decline

of

cursive.C.The

value

of

preserving

cursive.D.The

technique

of

writing

in

cursive.答案

B解析

主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now

it

becomes

apparent

that

young

people

no

longer

learn

cursive.They

type

everything,mostly

on

their

phones.Beautiful

handwriting

is

a

thing

of

the

past.This

has

become

a

source

of

great

sadness

among

traditionalists.”可知,文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。故选B项。Passage

3(2024广东江门一模)主题:环境DNA技术

词数:345

难度:★★★★☆Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA测序).Similartovirustests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船舰),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA

(eDNA)技术即将问世,文章对其进行了介绍。9.What’s

the

author’s

purpose

of

mentioning

the

example

in

paragraph

2?A.To

explain

the

process

of

qPCR

analysis

method.B.To

introduce

the

definition

of

environmental

DNA.C.To

tell

the

difference

between

two

analysis

methods.D.To

show

the

similarity

between

qPCR

and

virus

tests.答案

A解析

推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They

then

use

one

of

the

two

analysis

methods...lived

in

that

river

without

directly

seeing

it.”可知,作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。10.What’s

the

advantage

of

eDNA

sampling?A.It

can

detect

species

from

photos

and

videos.B.It

can

help

scientists

capt