专题11特殊句式（知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练）（讲义）（原卷版）

专题11特殊句式目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一祈使句+感叹句1祈使句祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never。如:Don’tswimintheriver.别在河里游泳。祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下3种类型:(1)行为动词原形+其他成分Inanyunsafesituation,simplypressthebuttonandahighlytrainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.在任何不安全的情况下,只要按下按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。(2)Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)Becarefultoavoidbeingsubjectiveandonesided.切忌主观片面。(3)Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分LetTomgotherehimself.让汤姆自己去那里。2感叹句感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导的,其句型结构为“What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!”。也有少量其他形式的感叹句,常见的有:(1)What感叹句What作定语,修饰名词,其感叹句句型结构:①What+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:Whatabigapplethisis!多么大的苹果！②What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事！③What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:Whathonestchildrentheyare!他们是多么诚实的孩子！(2)How感叹句How作状语,修饰形容词、副词和动词,其感叹句句型结构:①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:Howbeautifulthecityis!这个城市多么漂亮！②How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:Howinterestingastoryitis!③How+主语+谓语!如:Howtimeflies!时间飞逝！考点二倒装句1.全部倒装(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)such作表语置于句首时。(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。(4)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。(5)在Therebe/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。2.部分倒装(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，bynomeans，atnotime，undernocircumstances，innocase等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。(2)在not...until...，sooner...than...sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...等句式中。(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。考点三强调句对谓语动词的强调使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。【温馨提升】(1)强调句型中的主谓一致。在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式Itis/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。(3)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/wasitthat＋其他成分？”结构。(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。考点四省略句1.状语从句中的省略由when，while，if，asif，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。2.不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在beafraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen，则要保留be，have，havebeen。3.并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。4.常考的几个省略形式ifever，ifany，ifnotbetter/worse/taller...than等。【温馨提示】1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句Itis/was...保持一致。考点一：祈使句/感叹句例1.________downtheTV—Grannyissleepinginthenextroom.A.Turning B.Toturn C.Turned D.Turn例2.—________greatsurprisetoseeyouhere,Daniel!—Yeah.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforquitealongtime.A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How1.FormoreinformationaboutCambridge,________ourwebsiteat.cambridge.org.A.visit B.visiting C.tovisit D.visited2.ThemetroinLanzhouisopentothepublic.________excitingnewsitis!A.What B.How C.Howan D.Whatan3.________luckytheyare,Ithought,tohaveeachother.A.Whata B.What C.How4.________importantitisforteenagerstobecreative!A.How B.What C.Whata D.Howa考点二：倒装例1.Out________,withastickinhishand.A.didthemanrush B.rushedtheman C.themanrushed D.themandidrush例2.Inourcampus________,whichwasbuiltmanyyearsago.A.abuildingstandsB.abuildingliesC.standsabuildingD.liesabuilding例3.________youeatthecorrectfoodswillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.A.Eventhough B.Ifonly C.Onlywhen D.Onlyif1.Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheword________hehadmadeabigmistake.A.sherealized B.hadsherealizedC.shehadrealized D.didsherealize2.Atthefootofthemountain________manylakes.Somearelargeenoughtoholdseveraltowns.A.lies B.lie C.lying D.lay3.Twentyyearsago,hardly________thattheycouldpayforthingswiththeirsmartphones.A.peoplerealized B.realizedpeople C.didpeoplerealize D.peopledidrealize4.________withheavyloadsofteaching________helaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu.A.Sotiredwastheteacher；that B.Theteacherwassotired；whichC.Tiredastheteacher；that D.Suchwasthetiredteacher；which5.OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howmuchIlovedthem.A.didIrealize B.Irealized C.hadIrealized D.Ihadrealized考点三：强调句例1.Wasitinthehouse________youwerebornandbroughtup?A.where B.which C.when D.that例2.I________youcanfinishtheexamintwohours.A.doesbelieve B.dobelieve C.didbelieved D.dobelieved例3.Itwasinthefactory________hisfriendworked________hepickedupalotofexperience.A.where;where B.that;where C.that;that D.where;that1.________hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.Whenitwas B.Itwaswhen C.Wasitwhen D.Whenwasit2.Itwasintheevening________thehurricanestruckthearea.A.while B.that C.as D.until3.Ithinkitisalwaysthepeoplewhohavethesameculture________cansharetheirfeelings.A.which B.what C.as D.that4.ItistheInternet________keepsusinconstanttouchwithourofficesintheworld.A.that B.who C.where D.how5.________makesyoursonfeelbluetoday?________towatchhisfavouritecartoonPawPatrol.A.Whatitisthat;Tobeforbidden B.Whatisthat;ForbiddenC.Whatisitthat;Beingforbidden D.Thatiswhat;Havingforbidden考点四：省略句例1.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil________(speak)to.例2.Ienjoyedthefilmwesawlastnight.Itwasfarmoreinterestingthan________(expect).例3.Ihopetoseeyouattheofficetomorrow,butif________,doremembertoleavemeamessage.A.possible B.so C.not D.any1.When________bythepolice,theyoungmanrefusedtosayanythingabouttheaccident.A.toquestion B.questioned C.questioning D.tobequestioned2.If________promptlyandproperly,somecancersarehighlycurable.A.treated B.beingapproached C.aiding D.havingbeensolved3.While________dogs,peopleshouldnotletthemloose.Otherwise,theymaybedangeroustoothers.A.walking B.walked C.havingwalked D.towalk4.Unless________tospeak,mosthighschoolstudentsherepreferremainingsilentinclass.A.invited B.inviting C.beinginvited D.havinginvited5.When________help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offering B.tooffer C.tobeoffered D.offered一、单项选择1.________foodyou’vecooked!Thankyouforyourtreat.A.Howanice B.Whatanice C.Hownice D.Whatnice2.Youcan’timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited3.Theputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly________,butstudentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy4.________thatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness5.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder________.A.astold B.asaretold C.astelling D.astheytold6.Itwasthewayhesaiditratherthanwhatheactuallysaid________mademeangry.A.as B.which C.what D.that7.Itwas________hecamebackfromAfricathatyear________hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.A.when;then B.not;until C.notuntil;that D.only;when8.Thevisitorssaidthattheyhadneverdreamed________suchabeautifulscenery.A.theretobe B.oftheretobe C.oftherebeing D.ofbeing9.—Doyouknowhowmanystudents________intheclassroom?

—________.A.arethere;nobody B.arethere;none C.thereare;nobody D.thereare;none10.What________firstconsideringthedifficultpositionthatI’vefoundmyselfin?A.youthinkIshoulddo B.doyouthinkshouldIdoC.youthinkshouldIdo D.doyouthinkIshoulddo二、单句语法填空1.WasityourEnglishteacher________helpedyouimproveyourlisteningskills?2.He________(do)getupearlyeveryday.3.________(revolve)quicklyandrepeatedlyaroundone’sownaxis.4.What________messyourhairis!Washitinnotime.5.Plain________thesketchseemedatfirst,itgraduallyrevealedtheartist’suniqueunderstandingoflightandshadow.6.OnlyafterMarywalkedintotheclassroom________sherealizethatshehadleftthehomeworkathome.7.Icannotworkitout.Nor/neither________he.8.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,seldom________hegiveitup.9.If________(expose)totheoutsidesurroundings,they’llbepreparedfortheirfuturebetter.10.Thetaskassigned,dangerousorotherwise,mustbefinishedas________(schedule).一、阅读理解AMakeYourOwnSportsDrinkCoconutwatercontainsnaturalelectrolytes(电解质),includingpotassiumandsodium,whicharecriticaltopropernerveandmusclefunction.Insteadofgrabbingamercialsportsdrinkthatcontainsunnecessarysugar,calories,andartificialdyes(染料),mixequalpartscoconutwaterandfreshsqueezedjuice(andadashofrawhoney,ifyoulikeitsweet)foranallnaturalversion.FreezeFruityPops(冰棒)Turnthesesummertreatsintoarefuelingtool.Blendahydrating(水合物)fruitsuchaswatermelon(whichcontains91.5percentwater)withlemonjuice(anexcellentsourceofpotassium).Addcoconutwaterforanelectrolyteboostandrawhoneyforatouchofsweetness,ifyoulike.Thenfillicepopmoldsandfreezeforaboutanhour.SipSomeSummerSoupNoonewantshotsoupona.summerday.Instead,makeaclassicgazpacho(番茄冻汤)byblendingtomato(whichcontains94.5percentwater)andcucumber(whichcontains96.7percentwater)withalittlegarlicandseasalt.Orexperimentwithcoldsoupsmadefromotherfoodswithhighwatercontent,suchascauliflower,celery,spinach,berries,andzucchini.RefuelwithMilkOnestudythatappearedinthejournalAppliedPhysiology,Nutrition,andMetabolismshowedthatathleteswhoconsumedmilkormilkbasedproductshadbetterfluidretention(保留)thanthosewhodrankPowerade.Theproteininmilkalsohelpsyourbodyrechargeafterphysicalexertion.Forthehealthiestchoice,goforfatfreeorreducedfatvarieties.1.WecanlearnsomethingaboutthemercialsportsdrinkfromthefirstparagraphEXCEPT_________.A.Itcontainssugar,calories,andmanmadedyes. B.Itisanunnaturaldrink.C.Therearenoelectrolytesinit. D.Thereisnofreshsqueezedjuiceinit.2.WecanusemanyfoodstomakecoldsoupsEXCEPT_________.A.Celery B.Apple C.Strawberry D.Potato3.Whenyoufinishedasportexercise,youshoulddrink_________toregainenergy.A.SportsDrink B.FreezeFruityPopsC.ColdSoup D.Milkbasedproducts4.Thisisapassageof_________.A.Researchforhealth B.TipsfordelicioushydrationC.Newsforhealthyfoods. D.ExperimentreportBThe$20,000Trap:Howa“TechSupport”ScamFooledaSavvyUserWhenMarkHenderson’slaptopsuddenlydisplayedabrightredpopupwithawarning—“Yourdeviceisinfectedwith17viruses.Immediateactionrequiredtoavoiddataloss”—hedidn’tpanicatfirst.Afreelancegraphicdesignerwho’dusedputersforover20years,Markpridedhimselfonspottingonlinescams.He’deventaughthisteenagedaughtertoignorefake“virusalerts”thatpoppedupuninvited.Butthistime,somethingfeltdifferent.Thepopupincludedarealisticlooking“VerifiedbyMicrosoft”badge,andwhenMarktriedtoclosethewindow,itfrozehisscreen—nomouseclicksworked,nokeyboardshortcutsresponded.JustashereachedforhisphonetosearchforMicrosoft’sofficialsupportnumber,hislandlinerang.ThecallerIDshowed“MicrosoftSupport,”andthevoiceontheline—calm,professional,withaslightBritishaccent—soundedexactlylikethetechagentshe’dspokentobefore.“Iseeyourlaptop’sshowingacriticalviruswarning,”thecallersaid.“Letmewalkyouthroughachecktoconfirmtheissue.”HeguidedMarktoahiddensystemfolder,wherealistoffileswithstrangenameslike“malware2024.exe”appeared.“Thoseareactivethreats,”thecallerexplained.“Ifwedon’tremovethemwithin30minutes,yourbankdetailsanddesignfileswillbesenttoaserverinUkraine.”Mark’sheartraced.Hislaptopheldclientprojectsworththousandsofdollars,pluslinkedbankaccountsforfreelancepayments.ThecallerthenaskedMarktodownloada“remotesupporttool”called“TechHelpPro”—anameMarksworehe’dseenremendedonatrustedtechblog.Onceinstalled,thecallertookcontrolofMark’sscreen,typingrapidlyashe“scanned”forviruses.“I’vecontainedthethreat,”thecallersaid10minuteslater.“Buttofullyprotectyourdevice,you’llneedourPremiumSecurityPackage.It’s200forayear,butsinceyou’realongtimeMicrosoftuser,Icanofferitfor150.”Markhesitated—untilthecallerpulledupalivefeedof“recentloginattempts”tohisemail,showingIPaddressesfromcountrieshe’dnevervisited.“Thesearethescammerstryingtogetin,”thecallersaid.“Paynow,andI’llblockthempermanently.”Markpaidviaa“securelink”senttohisemail—alinkthatlookedidenticaltohisbank’spaymentpage.HeevendoublecheckedtheURL,whichstartedwith“https://”andhadapadlockicon.ButwhenhetriedtocallMicrosoftthenextdaytoconfirmtheservice,helearnedthetruth:thepopup,thecallerID,the“virusfiles,”andthe“loginattempts”wereallpartofanelaboratescam.The“TechHelpPro”toolhadgiventhescammersaccesstohisbankaccount,andthe150“securityfee”wasjustthestart—they’dstolenover20,000beforehenoticed.“IthoughtIwastoosmartforthis,”Marktoldalocalreporter.“Buttheydidn’tjustlie—theyusedreallookingbadges,fakesystemfiles,andevencopiedmybank’swebsiteperfectly.Itwasn’tcarelessness.Itwasthattheirtechnologywasbetterthanmyabilitytospotthefake.”5.WhatmadeMarkinitiallytrustthecaller’sidentity?A.Thecaller’sdetailedknowledgeofhislaptopmodelB.ThematchingcallerIDandprofessionalvoiceC.Theremendationof“TechHelpPro”onatechblogD.Theurgentwarningaboutvirusthreatstohisfiles6.WhydidthescammershowMark“recentloginattempts”tohisemail?A.ToprovetheyhadalreadyaccessedhisemailaccountB.TomakehimbelievehispersonaldatawasatimmediateriskC.ToexplainwhyhislaptophadbeeninfectedwithvirusesD.Toaskhimtochangehisemailpasswordimmediately7.Whichdetailbestshowsthescammers’advancedtechnology?A.TheycreatedapopupthatfrozeMark’sscreenB.TheyusedaBritishaccenttosoundmorecredibleC.TheycopiedMark’sbank’spaymentpagewithafakepadlockiconD.TheyknewMarkwasafreelancegraphicdesignerwithclientfiles8.WhatisthemainmessagetheauthorwantstoconveythroughMark’sstory?A.FreelancersshouldbackuptheirfilestoavoiddatalossB.EvenexperienceduserscanbetrickedbyhightechscamsC.MicrosoftshouldimproveitsofficialsupportservicesD.OnlinesecuritytoolsarenoteffectiveagainstmodernscamsCWhenyouthinkofBritishfood,whatestoyourmind?Youmaythinkoffishandchips,oraSundaymealofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysodull?AlthoughBritainisfamousforitslessthanimpressivecooking,itisproducingmoretopchefswhofrequentlyappearonourTVscreens,andtheirrecipesoftentopthebestsellerlists.Britonsarestartingtomoveawayfromtraditionalonemeatwithvegetablesandreadymademealsandarebeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits,thankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaign.Therehasbeenarecentreportthatthenumberofpeoplestickingtotraditionaldietsisslowlydecreasing,andabouthalfofBritishconsumershopetochangeorimprovetheircookingskillstosomeextent.ThenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatBritishuniversitiesandcollegeshasincreased.ItcanbeseenthatTVprogramshavechangedpeople’sviewsoncooking.Accordingtothelatestresearchbymarketanalysts,onefifthofBritonssaythattheyhavebeenbraveenoughtotrydifferentfoodsbywatchingcookingprogramsonTV;aboutonethirdofthemsaythattheynowuseamorediverserangeofingredientsthanbefore;nearlyonequarterofthemsaythattheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore;onequarterofadultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmoreconfidentinexpandingtheircookingknowledgeandskills.Youngpeoplearealsobeingmoreandmoreinterestedincooking.Britain’sobsessionwithfoodismanifestedthroughTVprograms.Cookingshowsandfooddocumentariesarebeingbroadcastmorefrequentlythanever.WithmoremalechefsappearingonTV,cookingisnolongerconsidered“uncool”byboys.9.HowdopeopleusuallyviewBritishfood?A.Simpleanddull.B.Richanddelicious.C.Exoticandexpensive.D.Healthyandnutritious.10.WhichbestdescribesthecookingprogramsonBritishTV?A.Boring.B.Costly.C.Unpopular.D.Influential.11.Whatisthepercentageofpeoplewhocurrentlyusemorediverseingredients?A.20%.B.25%.C.50%.D.33%.12.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetotalkabout?A.DifferenttypesofBritishfood.B.MalechefsonTVprograms.C.ThehistoryofBritishcooking.D.Thepopularityoffooddocumentaries.DImagineaworldwheremoneyceasestoexist—wherewalkingintoastore,pickingupalaptop,aloafofbread,oradesignerdressrequiresnoexchangeofcash,creditcards,ordigitalpayments.Atfirstglance,thismightseemlikeautopia:nomorepoverty,nomoredebt,nomorestressovermakingendsmeet.Butbeneaththesurface,suchaworldwouldtriggerprofound,andoftenunsettling,shiftsinhumansociety,economics,andevenpsychology.Tostart,theglobaleconomyasweknowitwouldcollapse.Forcenturies,moneyhasservedasa“mediumofexchange”thatsimplifiestrade—afarmercansellwheatformoney,thenusethatmoneytobuytools,insteadofbarteringwheatdirectlyfortools(whichrequiresfindingsomeonewhobothneedswheatandhastoolstospare).Withoutmoney,barteringwouldreturn,butonachaoticscale.Ateacherwhowantsanewcarwouldneedtofindacarmanufacturerwillingtotradeavehiclefor,say,500hoursoftutoring—andthemanufacturerwouldthenneedtofindsomeonewhowantstutoringinexchangeforpartstobuildmorecars.Thischainofbarterwouldquicklybreakdown,leadingtoshortagesofessentialgoodsasproductionslowswithoutaclearwaytovaluelaborandresources.Resourceallocationwouldbeeanothercrisis.Inamoneylessworld,peoplemighthoardgoods“justincase”—eveniftheydon’tneedthemimmediately.Imaginewalkingintoagrocerystoretofindshelvesempty,notbecauseoflowsupply,butbecauseothershavetaken10cartonsofmilkeach,fearingfuturescarcity.Thishoardingwouldcreateartificialshortages,makingitharderforthosewhotrulyneedgoods(likeaparentneedingbabyformula)toaccessthem.Governmentsmightstepintorationresources,butenforcingrationingwouldrequirestrictoversight—andpotentiallylimitpersonalfreedominwaysthatmanywouldresist.Perhapsmostsurprisingly,theendofmoneycouldreshapehumanmotivation.Today,manypeopleworktoearnmoneytosupporttheirfamilies,pursuehobbies,orsaveforthefuture.Withoutmoney,the“reward”forworkwouldshifttootherfactors:personalfulfillment,socialrecognition,orthedesiretocontributetosociety.Forsome,thiswouldbeliberating—adoctormightfocusontreatingpatientsratherthanworryingaboutinsurancepayments,oranartistmightcreateartpurelyforpassion.Butforothers,thelossoffinancialincentivecouldleadtolaziness.Whywork40hoursaweekinafactoryifyoucangeteverythingyouneedforfree?Thiscouldreduceproductivity,furtherworseningshortagesofgoodsandservices.Evensocialrelationshipsmightchange.Moneyoftenactsasa“neutral”factorininteractions—payingastrangertofixyourbikeisaclear,onetimeexchange.Withoutmoney,interactionscouldbeemoreplicated:ifyouaskaneighbortofixyourbike,you’dowethemafavorinreturn,creatingawebofobligationsthatmightstrainrelationships.Overtime,thiscouldleadtotheformationofsmall,tightknitgroupswherepeoplerelyoneachotherforfavors—excludingthosewhodon’tfitin,andpotentiallyrevivingformsofinequalitythatmoneyoncemasked.Amoneylessworld,then,isnotthesimpleutopiaitappearstobe.Itwouldchallengeourassumptionsaboutwork,value,andmunity—andforceustoconfrontdifficultquestionsaboutwhatmakesasocietyfairandfunctional.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostdirectconsequenceofamoneylessworldforglobaltrade?A.Thereturnofbarteringwoulddisrupttheexistingtradesystem.B.Farmerswouldstruggletoselltheircropstotoolmanufacturers.C.Carmanufacturerswouldfaceshortagesofproductionparts.D.Essentialgoodswoulddisappearfromthemarketpletely.14.Whywouldresourcerationingbygovernmentsbedifficulttoimplementinamoneylessworld?A.Mostpeoplewouldrefusetoaccepttheauthorityofthegovernment.B.Therewouldbenowaytocalculatetheexactamountofresourcesneeded.C.Thecostofenforcingrationingwouldbetoohighforgovernmentstobear.D.Itwouldrestrictpersonalfreedom,whichmanypeoplewouldoppose.15.Whichviewabouttheimpactofamoneylessworldonworkdoestheauthorsupport?A.Doctorswouldstopcaringaboutpatientsiftheydon’tearnmoney.B.Artistswouldlosetheirpassionforcreationwithoutfinancialrewards.C.Somepeoplemightlosemotivationtoworkduetolackofmoney.D.Mostpeoplewouldchoosetoworkforsocialrecognitioninsteadofmoney.16.Whatistheauthor’smainconclusionaboutamoneylessworld?A.Itwouldbeautopiawherepovertyanddebtnolongerexist.B.Itwouldbringmorechallengesthanbenefitstohumansociety.C.Itwouldpletelychangethewaypeopleinteractwitheachother.D.Itwouldsolvemosteconomicproblemsbutcreatesocialissues.二、完形填空I’vebeenmotivated(激励)—anddemotivated(气馁)—byotherfolks’achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend1amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning2,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas3fora“super,”referringtoa52.4miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I4it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy5seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly6I’deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI7cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I8ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I9herbikeandwentforaride.The10:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI’dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I’dneverfacedsuch11.Thatday,Igot12byabout100“local”bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn’tseemquiteas13.I’ve14alotsincethen.I’veetoacceptthatwhatever15Isetformyself;the