中考英语词性转换汇-总必背清单

中考英语词性转换汇总必背清单一、动词→名词（后缀+特例，标注拼写规则）核心后缀（含拼写细节）1.

-ment：achieve→achievement（去e+ment）；develop→development（去e+ment）；argue→argument（去e+ment，易错：双写t）；improve→improvement；agree→agreement（去e+ment）2.

-tion/-sion：act→action（双写t+ion）；decide→decision（去e+cision）；invite→invitation（去e+ation）；pollute→pollution（去e+ion）；pronounce→pronunciation（去e+ciation，易错）；solve→solution（去e+ution）；discuss→discussion（双写s+ion）；operate→operation（去e+ation）3.

-ance/-ence：appear→appearance（去e+ance）；perform→performance（去e+ance）；differ→difference（去e+ence）；confident→confidence（去ent+ence）4.

-er/-or（表人）：teach→teacher；work→worker；visit→visitor；direct→director；act→actor/actress5.

-ing：build→building；begin→beginning（双写n+ing）；meet→meeting必考特例（无规则，必须死记）-choose→choice；die→death；speak→speech；succeed→success；lose→loss；explain→explanation（去ain+ation）；suggest→suggestion（去t+ion）例句：Hemadeadecision(decide)totakeactionimmediately.（他决定立刻采取行动）二、名词→形容词（后缀+反义，标注用法）高频后缀（含语义）1.

-y（表“多…的”）：luck→lucky；health→healthy；wind→windy；rain→rainy；snow→snowy；cloud→cloudy；anger→angry（去er+y）2.

-ful/-less（满/缺）：care→careful（小心的）/careless（粗心的）；help→helpful/helpless；use→useful/useless；beauty→beautiful；wonder→wonderful3.

-ous（有…特性）：danger→dangerous；fame→famous；nerve→nervous4.

-al/-ial（与…相关）：nation→national；education→educational；person→personal；culture→cultural5.

-able/-ible（可…的）：comfort→comfortable；enjoy→enjoyable；possible→possible（adj.）→possibility（n.）特例-friend→friendly（adj.，非副词）；energy→energetic；difference→different；confidence→confident；difficult→difficulty（n.）例句：It’shelpful(help)tolearnEnglishwithapartner.（和同伴学英语很有帮助）三、形容词→副词（规则+特例，标注拼写陷阱）规则变形（含细节）1.

直接+ly：quick→quickly；clear→clearly；careful→carefully2.

去e+ly：true→truly（易错：去e）；due→duly3.

辅音+y→i+ly：happy→happily；heavy→heavily；easy→easily；busy→busily；angry→angrily4.

le结尾→去e+y：terrible→terribly；possible→possibly；simple→simply5.

双写尾辅+ly：full→fully；dull→dully同形特例（词性不同，词义不变）-good→well；fast→fast；hard→hard（努力地，注意：hardly表“几乎不”，词义不同）；late→late；early→early；high→high例句：Shesingsbeautifully(beautiful)andspeaksloudly(loud)whenhappy.（她唱歌动听，开心时说话大声）四、否定前缀（按首字母分类，避免混淆）1.

un-（通用）：happy→unhappy；able→unable；usual→unusual；like→unlike；fair→unfair2.

dis-（表相反动作/状态）：agree→disagree；appear→disappear；honest→dishonest；like→dislike；cover→discover3.

im-（m/b/p开头）：possible→impossible；polite→impolite；patient→impatient；proper→improper4.

in-（其他辅音开头）：direct→indirect；correct→incorrect；complete→incomplete5.

ir-（r开头）：regular→irregular；responsible→irresponsible例句：It’simpossible(possible)tofinishtheworkin10minutes.（10分钟完成工作不可能）五、其他高频转换（重点）1.

形容词→名词：strong→strength；safe→safety；different→difference；happy→happiness；patient→patience；possible→possibility（去ble+bility）2.

名词→动词：water→water（浇水）；plant→plant（种植）；book→book（预订）；record→record（录制，读音：/rɪˈkɔːd/）3.

动词→形容词：interest→interesting/interested；excite→exciting/excited；surprise→surprising/surprised（-ing表“令人…”，-ed表“感到…”）4.

一词多性：work（n./v.）；rain（n./v.）；record（n./ˈrekɔːd/；v./rɪˈkɔːd/）六、中考易错30组（必背，含拼写+用法）1.

act→action（双写t+ion）→active→actively→activity→actor/actress2.

achieve→achievement（去e+ment）3.

argue→argument（去e+ment，双写t）4.

decide→decision（去e+cision）5.

invite→invitation（去e+ation）6.

pronounce→pronunciation（去e+ciation）7.

suggest→suggestion（去t+ion）8.

choose→choice；die→death；speak→speech；succeed→success9.

care→careful→carefully→careless→carelessness10.

happy→happily（变y为i+ly）→happiness→unhappy11.

true→truly（去e+ly）；terrible→terribly（去le+y）12.

possible→possibly（去le+y）→impossible→possibility13.

confidence→confident→confidently14.

different→difference→differently15.

help→helpful→helpless→helpfully16.

luck→lucky→luckily→unlucky→unluckily17.

use→useful→useless→used→usefully18.

nature→natural→naturally19.

protect→protection→protective20.

pollute→pollution→polluted21.

direct→direction→directly→director22.

able→ability→unable→disabled23.

advice（n.）→advise（v.）24.

polite→politely→impolite→politeness25.

develop→development→develo