2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四制）八年级英语下册 Unit 1 When was he born检测卷（含答案）

Unit1Whenwasheborn?单元拔尖检测

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

HerearethreeChinesepeoplewithgreatachievements.

Birthyear:1894Deathyear:1961Birthplace:Beijing

MeiLanfangMeiLanfangwasthefirsttointroduceBeijingOperato

Position:Artistforeignersandmadeitstourstoforeigncountrieshighly

successful.HegavehiswholelifetotheartofBeijingOpera.

Birthyear:1911Deathyear:2009Birthplace:Shanghai

QianXuesenQianXuesenwasconsideredas"the血herofChina'sspace

Position:Scientisttechnology".“AsaChinesescientist,mylifepurposeisto

servethepeople,“hesaid.

Birthyear:1957Birthplace:Heilongjiang

ZhangGuimeiZhangGuimeihasspentover40yearshelpingyounggirlsin

Position:Teacherthemountainareastogetfreeschooling.Shewasgiventhe

title"RoleModel(楷模)oftheTimes^^in2020.

)1.WhenwasMeiLanfangborn?

A.In1894.B.In1911.

C.In1957.D.In1961.

()2.WhatwasQianXuesen'slifepurpose?

A.Todoaspacewalk.B.Toservethepeople.

C.Tohelpyounggirls.D.TointroduceBeijingOpera.

()3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?

A.MeiLanfangdidn'twanttointroduceBeijingOperatoforeigners.

B.QianXuesendiedinShanghaiattheageof99.

C.ZhangGuimeihelpsyounggirlsinthemountainareastogetfree

education.

D.AllthethreeChinesepeopleareinterestedineducation.

B

①WangHaozemadehistoryin2024asChina'sfirstfemaleflightengineerand

amemberoftheShenzhou-19crew.Herjourneytospaceisastoryofhardwork.It

showsthateventhehardestgoalscanbeachieved(实现)withawillingmind.

②Bomin1990inHebeiProvince,Wanggrev/upinastrictbutlovingfamily.

Hermotherwasateacher,andherfatherworkedasapoliceman.Fromayoungage,

shelearnedthevalueofkeepingondoingsomething.In2008,shepassedChina's

NationalCollegeEntranceExam(gaokao)andjoinedSoutheastUniversityinNanjing.

There,shewasgoodatstudyingandlovedsports,oftencompetinginraces.

③Aftergraduatingin2015,WangbecamearocketengineerinBeijing.In2018,

sheapplied(申请)fbrChina'sastronautprogram.Overtwoyears,shefacedhard

testsagainst2,500people.Wangnevergaveup,evenduringchallengeslike72hours

withoutsleeporfood..Finally,shebecameoneofthe18newastronauts—and

theonlywomaninthegroup.

④OnOctober30,2024,Wang'sdreamcametrue.Sheflewintospacewithtwo

teammatesaboardShenzhou-19,becomingChina'sthirdfemaleastronaut.

⑤WangHaoze'sstoryshowsthatwithawillingmind,normalpeoplecanmake

wonderfulthings.Herstorymakesmorepeoplepursuetheirdreams,nomatterhow

impossibletheyseem.

()4.HowdocsthepassagetellWangHaoze'sstory?

A.Byaskingquestions.

B.Bytellingeventsintimeorder.

C.Bycomparingherwithothers.

D.Byusingconversations.

()5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputin?

A.Herparentsneverwantedhertoworkhard

B.Sheoftenthoughtabouthercollegedaysasthehappiesttimeofherlife

C.Althoughfailingmanytimes,shebelievedeverychallengewasastep

closertohergoal

D.In2020,shereturnedtoHebeiProvincetovisitherfamily

)6.Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?

()7.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.AWoman'sEngineerDream

B.TheHistoryofShenzhou-19

C.FromaRocketEngineertoaSpaceHero

D.LifeinHebeiProvince

C［烟台中考］

JackieRobinson(1919—1972),wasthefirstblackbaseballplayertoplayinthe

Americanmajorleagues(大联盟)duringthe20thcentury.

Robinsonwasanoutstandingall-aroundathleteattheUniversityofCalifornia.

Yetin1941hehadtodropoutoftheuniversitytohelphismothersupportthefamily.

HeenteredtheU.S.Armyin1942andbecameasecondlieutenant(少尉)in1943.

However,hehadtoleavethearmybecauseherefusedtofollowanorderthatablack

personlikehimshouldsitatthebackofthearmybus.Thismightbeoneofthe

reasonsfbrhisfuturefightfbrhumanrights.

Uponleavingthearmy,Robinsonplayedbaseballinablackleagueteam,where

hedrewtheattentionofthegeneralmanageroftheBrooklynDodgers,BranchRickey.

Robinson'stalentsonthefield,hishonesty,andhiscaringfbrfamilyallsatisfied

Rickey.In1947,RobinsonjoinedtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblack

playerinthemajorleaguesandbreakingthe63-year“colorline”.Heachievedquick

successonthefieldandbecametheNationalLeague'sMostValuablePlayerin1949.

From1947to1956,heledtheDodgerstosixleaguechampionshipsandoneWorld

Seriesvictory.

Theroadtosuccessisneversmooth.Alfirst,becauseofhiscolor,Robinsonwas

treatedunfairlybybaseballfans,playersonoppositeteams,andevenhisteammates.

Hewroteinhisbook,“PlentyoftimesIwantedtoleave,but1hadtoholdtomyself.I

knowthatIamablackmaninawhiteworld.Thewholethingisbiggerthanmysclf.,,

Afterretiring(退役)frombaseballin1957,Robinsonwentonworkingfor

humanrights.HewasaspokesmanfortheNAACPandmadeappearanceswith

MartinLutherKing.In1962,Robinsonbecamethefirstblackpersontobeintroduced

intotheBaseballHallofFame.In1984,RobinsonwasawardedthePresidential

MedalofFreedom,thehighesthonorforanAmerican.

()8.WhydidRobinsonstophisarmylife?

A.Becausehedidnotwanttobeasecondlieutenant.

R.Becauseherefusedtositatthebackofthearmybus.

C.Becausehehadtohelphismothertosupporthisfamily.

D.BecausehewantedtoplayintheAmericanmajorleagues.

()9.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?

A.Robinson'sbaseballteam.

B.Robinson'sbaseballexperiences.

C.Robinson'sbaseballtalents.

D.Robinson'sfriendshipwithRickey.

()10.Robinsondidn'tleavethebaseballteamevenwhenhewastreatedunfairly

probablybecause.

A.hewastheleadingplayerinthebaseballteam

B.heneededtomakealivingbyplayingbaseball

C.hethouglilRickeywouldgivehimbiggertasks

D.hewanted:ofightforhumanrightsfortheblack

()11.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthearticle?

A.Robinsonwasmoresuitabletobeanofficer.

B.RobinsonwaswidelyrecognizedinAmerica.

C.RobinsonreceivedthemosthonorsinAmerica.

D.RobinsonwasthebestAmericanbaseballplayer.

D［威海文登区期中］

HuangXuhua,agreatChinesescientist,leftusonFebruary6th,2025.Huang

wasknownasthechiefdesignerofChina'sfirstnuclearsubmarine（核潜艇）andhad

receivedmanyhighhonors（荣誉）.AsChina'snavy（海军）startedtosharemore

information,storiesaboutHuangbecamewidelyknown.Peoplestartedtocallhimthe

Bornin1926inShanwei,Guangdong,Huanggrewupinahardtime.Hemadea

promisetomakethecountrystrongwithhisknowledge.In1945,heenteredNational

ChiaoTungUniversitytostudyshipbuilding.Later,hebecameoneofthefirst

scientiststoworkonChina'snuclearsubmarineprogram.

In1958,becauseofhisexcellentskillsandqualities,Huangwassecretlycalledto

Reijing.Forthenext30years,heworkedhardonChina'snuclearsubmarineprogram.

Whenhejoinedtheproject,Chinahadlittleknowledgeofthetechnology.Huangand

histeamstartedfromscratchandovercamemanydifficulties.

Inthe1970s,China'sfirstnuclearsubmarinewasbuiltandtestedsuccessfully,

makingChinaoneofthefewcountrieswiththisability.Afterthisbigsuccess,Huang

didn'tstop.Hecontinuedtohelpdevelopsubmarinetechnology.Hisdevotion

broughthimmanyhonors,likethe"MedaloftheRcpublic^^in2019.

HuangcaredmuchaboutChina'sscienceandtechnologyfutureandyoung

people'sgrowth.Hedonatedover20millionyuantosupportresearch,education,and

thespreadofscientificknowledge.HespenthislifeonChina'snuclearsubmarine

industry,inspiringustodoourbesttostrengthenourmotherland.

（）12.Whichoneisthebesttofillintheblank?

A.BestSuicnlislintheWorld

B.FatherofChina'sNuclearSubmarines

C.FounderofNationalChiaoTungUniversity

D.BesteducatorinChina

（）13.WhichofthefollowingistherightorderofHuangXuhua'slife?

①HereceivedtheMedaloftheRepublic.

②HewascalledtoBeijingtoworkonthenuclearsubmarineprogram.

③HestudiedatNationalChiaoTungUniversity.

④HeandhisteamlaunchedChina'sfirstnuclearsubmarine.

A.③②④①B.②③①④

C.②④③①D.①②③④

()14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“startedfromscratch''inParagraph3

mean?

A.Toworkhard.B.Tobeginwithnothing.

C.Todealwithdifficulties.D.Togetthefirstplace.

()15.Inwhatorderisthisarticlewritten?

A.Spaceorder.B.Timeorder.

C.Logicalorder.D.Placeorder.

第二节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

一项为多余选项。

MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorne

Clemens.HewasbornintheUSAin1835.In1839,hisfamilymovedto

Hannibal,Missouri,aporttownontheMississippiRiver.YoungSamuelgrewup

there.16.

WhenMarkTwainwasonly11yearsold,hisfatherdied.17.Laterhe

workedasasteamboatpilot(领航员).DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,hebegan

workingasareporter.18.In1865,hewrotetheshortstoryTheCelebrated

JumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.ItwasagreatsuccessandMarkTwainbecamea

famouswriter.Overthenextfewyearsliepublishedseveraloilierpopularworks.In

1876,hepublishedTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,anovelaboutayoungboy

growingupalongtheMississippiRiver.In1884,hewroteTheAdventuresof

HuckleberryFinn,aboutTomSawyer'sbestfriendHuckFinn.19.Heearned

alargeamountofmonevfromhisbooksandbecameoneofthebest-knownwritersof

the19thcenturyintheUSA.Unluckily,MarkTwaingotintodebtinbadinvestment

（投资）andhehadtowritelargenumbersofstoriestopaythesedebts.

20.Hewasrememberedasthe“greatAmericanhumoristofhisage”,

andWilliamFaulknercalledhim44thefatherofAmericanliterature”.

A.MarkTwaindiedofillnesson21April,1910.

B.Asaboy,hehadmanyadventuresontheriver.

C.Afterhisfather'sdeath,MarkTwainbegantoworkforaprinter.

D.It'sconsideredtobeMarkTwain'sbestbook.

E.TherehechangedhisnametoMarkTwainandwrotealotofstories.

F.Hehadahappylife.

第二部分语言知识应用（共两节，满分25分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入

空白处的最佳选项。

BeethovenwasborninGermanyin1770.Hewasoneofthe

greatest21intheworld.

Mostofushaveheardofhismusic.Asachild,Beethoven

didnothaveahappylife.His22likedsingingandhewasasinger.

WhenBeethovenwasonlyfour,hisfatherdecidedtomakehimamusician.So

Beethovenhadto23themusic.Beethovenlearnedvery24.Sohecouldgivea

concertwhenhewas25_.

Afewyearslater,BeethovenwenttoViennato26underHaydn,afamous

Austriancomposer（作曲家）.Soonhecouldwritealotofmusichimself.SoHaydn

waspleasedwith（对满意）him.ButBeethovenwasoftenillinhislife.After

oneillness,therewas27wrongwithhisears.Hecouldn't28anymore.Butthis

didn'tstopBeethoven.Hekepton29manypiecesofmusic.Toeveryone'ssurprise,

Beethovenwrotehismostpopularpiece,FateSymphony（《命运交响曲》）,afterhe

became30_.Itwaswonderful,soitwasfamousallovertheworld.

（）21.A.musiciansB.doctorsC.nursesD.scientists

（）22.A.motherB.sisterC.grandmotherD.father

()23.A.hateB.learnC.cheatD.stop

()24.A.difficultB.boringC.fastD.slow

()25.A.oldB.shortC.bigD.young

()26.A.studyB.performC.changeD.reach

()27.A.nothingB.everybodyC.somethingD.someone

()28.A.seeB.hearC.talkD.taste

()29.A.runningB.jumpingC.readingD.writing

()30.A.deafB.blindC.lazyD.bored

第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Atthe2025CCTVSpringFestivalGala(春晚)，16humanoid(类人的)robots

performedthetraditionalyangge.Theircreator,WangXingxing,31.(quick)

becamefamous.

Wang,a35-year-oldmanfromNingbo,had32.unusualschoollife.He

foundEnglishveryhard,sohisgradeswereoftenlow,33.hewasexcellent

atphysics.Whenclassmatesstudiedforexams,hewasbusy34.(study)the

oldelectronics(电子器件).Atage19,heusedcheappartstobuildhis35.

(one)walkingrobot.Thisshowedhisspecialtalent.Laterincollege,hecreatedXDog,

alow-costfour-leggedrobotthatbrought36.(he)awardsandnewchances.

In2016,he37.(start)UnitreeRoboticstomakerobotslessexpensive.

By2025,hisHlhumanoidrobotsbecamefamousbecauseoftheiramazingSpring

FestivalGalashow.MixingoldChinesedanceswithnewtechnology,theymade

everyonesurprisedandbecamepopularonline.

AltheiinporlaiilChinnPrivateEulrepreiieursFoiuni(民营企业家座谈会)in

February2025,Wang—the38.(young)personthere一satwithfamous

businessleaders(领袖)likeRenZhengfei.

Thoughhewasn'tgoodatallsubjects,Wangnevergaveuponrobots.His

39.(advise)toyoungpeoplewas"Don'Melyourweakpointsstopyou.Keep

trying!”Hisstoryshowsyoudon'tneed40.(do)perfectlyineverything-^jusl

payattentiontowhatyoulove.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分30分）

第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分1（）分）

阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。

YuanLongpingwasaChineseagricultural（农业的）scientistandeducator.He

wasknownfordevelopingthefirsthybridrice（杂交水稻）.

HewasborninBeijingin1930.Helovedplayingtheviolinandswimming.He

graduatedfromtheSouthwestAgricultureCollegein1953.Thenhebeganteachingat

anagricultureschoolinAnjiang.

Inthe1960s,hecameupwithanideaforhybridrice.Ithadmoreadvantages

thanothers.Heworkedveryhardonitwithotherscientistsformanyyears.In1973,

histeamdevelopedthehybridrice.Ityielded（出产）20%morethanthatofcommon

rice.Chinesepeoplesolvedthefoodproblembytheirownefforts.

ButYuanLongpingdidn'tstop.Hekeptonhisresearch.Nowthe“SuperRice”

yieldsover1,100kilogramseachmu.Chinesepeoplehaveenoughricetoeat,and

hybridricehasalsobroughtgoodnewstothepeopleofmanyothercountriesallover

theworld.Becauseofhisachievements（成就），YuanLongpingwascalled"The

FatherofHybridRice”.

41.WhendidYuanLongpingdevelopthefirsthybridrice?

42.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

43.Howmanykilogramsdocsthe“SuperRice“yieldeachmunow?

44.WhatwasYuanLongpingcalledbecauseofhisachievements?

45.WhatdoyouthinkofYuanLongping?

第二节写作(满分2()分)

茅以升是我国著名的桥梁专家，被誉为“现代桥梁之父”。请根据提示，写一

篇短文，介绍茅以升。

出生地江苏镇江

1.从小对桥梁感兴趣，认真学习；

2.1916年毕业于交通部唐山工业专门学校(Tangshan

个人经历

EngineeringCollege),后赴美留学；

3.1920年回国，投入我国桥梁事业。

修建钱塘江大桥(theQiantangRiverBridge)；武汉长江

主要成就

大桥(theWuhanYangtzeRiverBridge)

你的感受...

要求：

1.词数不少于80(开头已给出，不计入总词数);

2.要点齐全，可适当发挥；

MaoYishengwasapioneerinbridgebuilding.Letmeintroducehimtoyou.

Unitl单元拔尖检测

答案速查

1—3ABC4—7BCAC

8—11BBDB12—15BABB

16—20BCEDA21—25ADBCD

26—30ACBDA

第一部分

第一节：A【主旨大意】本文介绍了三位有杰出成就的中国人。

1.A细节理解题。根据MeiLanfang部分的“Birthyear:1894”可知，梅兰芳出生

在1894年。故选Ac

2.B细节理解题。根据“AsaChinesescientist,mylifepurposeistoservethe

people”可知，钱学森的人生目标是为人民服务。故选B。

3.C细节理解题。根据ZhangGuimei部分的内容可知，张桂梅帮助山区的年轻

女孩获得免费的教育。故选C。

B【主旨大意】本文主要讲述了王浩泽从一名火箭工程师通过努力奋斗成为一名

太空英雄的历程。

4.B细节理解题。根据“Bomin1990”、"In2008”、“Aftergraduatingin2015”、"In

2018”、“OnOctober30,2024”可知，文章是通过按时间顺序讲述事件来呈现王

浩泽的故事，故选B。

5.C推理判断题。根据“Wangnevergaveup,evenduringchallengeslike72hours

withoutsleeporfood.”可知，前文提到王浩泽在申请宇航员项目时面临艰难测

试，但她从不放弃，选项C“尽管失败了很多次，但她相信每一次挑战都让她

离目标更近一步“承接上文，符合语境，故选C。

6.A篇章结构题。文章第一段总述王浩泽成为中国首位女飞行工程师以及她的

经历所体现的精神；第二、三、四段按时间顺序分别介绍她的成长背景,成

为宇航员的过程以及最终实现梦想飞入太空；第五段总结她的故事的意义，

激励人们追逐梦想，故选A。

7.C最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了王浩泽从一名火箭工程师通

过努力奋斗成为一名太空英雄的历程，故选C。

C【主旨大意】本文讲述了杰基・罗宾逊的生平：他是20世纪首位进入美国职业

棒球大联盟的黑人球员，曾因拒绝种族歧视命令从军队退役，后凭借棒球天

赋打破大联盟63年的“肤色界限”，在球场上取得卓越成就。

8.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“However,hehadtoleavethearmybecausehe

refusedtofollowanorderthatablackpersonlikehimshouldsitatthebackofthe

armybus”可知，罗宾逊退役的原因是拒绝遵守“黑人必须坐在军车后排”的

命令。选项B与原文描述一致。

9.B段落大意题。第三段主要讲述罗宾逊退役后加入黑人联盟球队，被布鲁克

林道奇队经理看中，1947年加入大联盟并打破肤色限制，以及他在球场上的

成就。整段围绕其棒球生涯的经历展开，因此选项B^Robinson'sbaseball

experiences”正确。

10.D推理判断题c第四段中罗宾逊提到“Thewholethingisbiggerthan

结合他因种族歧视退役的经历以及他投身人权运动的行为可知，他坚持留在

球队是为了给黑人争取权利。选项D正确。

11.B推理判断题。文中提到罗宾逊成为首位进入大联盟的黑人球员、入选棒球

名人堂、获得总统自由勋章，这些都表明他在美国获得了广泛认可。选项B正

确。

D【主旨大意】本文主要讲述了中国著名科学家黄旭华的生平事迹，特别是他在

中国第一艘核潜艇研发中的关键作用及其所获得的荣誉。

12.B推理判断题。根据"HuangwasknownasthechiefdesignerofChina'sfirst

nuclearsubmarine（核潜艇）andhadreceivedmanyhighhonors（荣誉）.”以及下文

可知，黄旭华因其在中国核潜艇研发中的关键作用而被誉为“中国核潜艇之

父故选B。

13.A细节理解题。根据“In1945,heenteredNaLiunalChiaoTungUniversityto

studyshipbuilding."、"In1958,becauseofhisexcellentskillsandqualities,Huang

wassecretlycalledtoBeijing."、“Inthe1970s,China'sfirstnuclearsubmarinewas

builtandtestedsuccessfully“、“Hisdevotionbroughthimmanyhonors,likethe

'MedaloftheRepublic'in2019”可知，黄旭华先就读于国立交通大学，然后被

叫到北京，之后中国第一艘核潜艇下水，最后获得共和国勋章，因此顺序是

③②④①。故选A。

14.B词义猜测题。根据“Whenhejoinedtheproject,Chinahadlittleknowledgeof

thetechnology.”可知，当他加入该项目时，中国对这项技术知之甚少。这里是

指他们从零开始，克服了很多困难。故选B。

15.B细节理解题。根据“in1926”、“In1945”、“In1958”、“Inthe1970s”、“in2019”

可知，作者是按照时间顺序进行写作。故选B。

第二节【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了美国作家马克・吐温。

16.B根据“In1839,hisfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,aporttownonthe

MississippiRiver.YoungSamuelgrewupthere;可知1839年，马克吐温的家

人搬到了密苏里州的汉尼拔，那是一个密西西比河畔的港口小镇。选项B“小

时候，他在河上有过许多冒险经历。”符合语境，故选B。

17.C根据“WhenMarkTwainwasonly11yearsold,hisfatherdied.”可知马克・吐

温只有11岁的时候，他的父亲去世了。选项C“他的父亲去世后，马克・吐温开

始在一家印刷厂工作。”符合语境，故选C。

18.E根据“In1865,hewrotetheshortstoryTheCelebratedJumpingFrogof

CalaverasCounty.ItwasagreatsuccessandMarkTwainbecameafamous

writer."可知1865年，他写了一部短篇小说，这是一个巨大的成功，马克・吐

温成为一个著名的作家。选项E”在那里，他改名为马克・吐温，并写了很多故

事。”符合语境，故选E。

19.D根据“In1884,hewroteTheAdventuresofHucklebenyFinn,aboutTom

Sawyer飞bestfriendHuckFinn.”可知1884年，他写了《哈克贝利费恩历险汜》，

讲述了汤姆・索亚最好的朋友哈克・费恩的故事。选项D“它被认为是马克・吐温最

好的书。”符合语境，故选D。

20.A根据“Hewasrememberedasthe"greatAmericanhuinurislufhisage\and

WilliamFaulknercalledhim*thefatherofAmericanliterature'可知说的是马

克・吐温死后的事情,选项A“马克・