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ObjectiveUponthecompletionofthisproject,studentswill:■Beabletowritelettersnegotiatingabouttradingtermswithothercompanies.■Knowtheeffectofcounteroffers.■Beabletomakeconcessionsandattackspolitelyandreasonablywhenwritingcounteroffers.返回LeadingIn1.NegotiatingStrategies—OffensiveandDefensiveWhentheydealwithnegotiations,businessschoolsemphasizethequalityoftherelationshipbetweenthetwoparties.Thenegotiationismainlydescribedasaconversationbetweenpolitepersons.Thetwopartiesexploretheircommoninterestsandtrytoreach
thewinwinoption.Negotiatingtechniquesmaybedividedintotwoclasses:offensive
anddefensive.Offensivetacticsaredesignedtotaketheinitiative.下一页返回LeadingInDefensivetacticsarethecountertooffensivetactics,andtheyarethespringboardsfromwhichacounter-of-fensivecanbelaunched.Negotiatorscannotrelyondefensivetacticsonly,becausenodefenseiseverperfect.Aweakpointwillbefounduponwhichtheopponentcanconcentratehisattack.上一页下一页返回LeadingIn2.StructureofaCounter-offer(1)Thankthesellerforhisoffer;mentionbrieflythecontentoftheoffer.(2)Expressregretatinabilitytoaccept(givethereasonsfornon-acceptance).(3)Makeacounter-offerif,underthecircumstances,itisappropriate.(4)Hopethecounter-offerwillbeacceptedandtheremaybeanopportunitytodobusinesstogether.上一页返回SpecimenLetters1.LetterOneDearSirs,Thisistoacknowledgewiththanksyourletterofthe3thult.Inreply,weregrettosaythatwearedisappointedatlearningthatyouareunabletoacceptourofferbecauseothersuppliersarequotinglowerprices.Wewishtopointoutthatasourpricesarecloselycalculatedandareinlinewiththeworldmarketprices,wefinditimpossibleforustoacceptyourbid.下一页返回SpecimenLettersWehavetodrawyourattentiontothefactthatwehavealreadyconcludedconsiderablebusinesswithothercustomersinyourdistrictatthepricesquotedandperhapsyouareawareofit.Asregardsyourdemandsfor5%commissionandpaymentbyD/Patsight,pleasenotethatwearedoingbusinesswithotherbuyersonthebasisof3%commissionandL/Cintheusualpracticewithallourcustomersinyourcountry.上一页下一页返回SpecimenLettersTherefore,wecannotmakeanexceptionofyourcase.Howeverwithaviewtosettingthewholethinggoingandhasteningtheconclusionofthisinitialtransaction,wearepreparedtogiveyou2%discountonthepricequotedprovidedyouplaceanorderfornotlessthan360dozenthistime.Wetrustthatyouwillfindthisspecialconcessionamotiveforcewhichwillenableyoutopersuadeyourclientstoacceptourofferandmakeiteasierforyoutopromotethesaleofourgoodsinyourdistrict.上一页下一页返回SpecimenLettersWehopeyouwillreconsiderourquotationsandletushaveyouracceptancebeforelong.Bestregards…2.LetterTwo10August,2000ShantouImport&ExportCorp.DearSirs/Madams,WehaveacknowledgementofyourletterofAugust2,offeringus2,000dozen/setsofNo.208ladies’pajamasat£26.00perdozen/sets.上一页下一页返回SpecimenLettersWeregrettoinformyouthattheclientinOdensehasfoundyourpricemuchtoohigh.Informationindicatesthatsimilararticleshavebeensoldthereatapproximately£20.00perdozen/sets.Wedonotdenythatyourpajamasareslightlybetterintailoring,butthepricedifferenceshouldinnocasebeasbigas£6.00perdozen/set.Tostepupthetrade,we,onbehalfofourclient,counterofferthefollowing,subjecttoyourreplyhereon
August18,2000∶2,000dozen/setsofNo上一页下一页返回SpecimenLetters208ladies’pajamasat£23.00perdozen/setsCIF2%Odensebycargo-shipwithtransshipmentatCopenhagen,othertermsasyourletterdatedAugust2,2000.Asthemarketisdeclining,werecommendyouracceptance.Bestregards,TheTropic(Denmark)BusinessCo.,Ltd.MichaelWilsonManagingDirect上一页下一页返回SpecimenLetters3.LetterThree10August,2000ExportManagerAusricePtyBrisbane,AustraliaDearMrs.Carey,Weareinreceiptofyourletterof31Julyofferingus100metrictonsofpolishedriceatAUS$1,200permetrictonontheusualterms上一页下一页返回SpecimenLettersWeregrettoinformyouthatourbuyersfindyourpricemuchtoohigh.WeareinformedthatsomelotsofAmericanoriginhavebeensoldhereatalevelabout30%lower
thanyours.WedonotdenythatthequalityofAustralianriceisslightlybetter,butthedifferenceinpriceshould,innocase,beaslargeas10%.上一页下一页返回SpecimenLettersTofacilitatethetransaction,wecounterofferasfollows,subjecttoyourreplybeingreceivedby/before30September,2000:100metrictonsofpolishedrice,2,000crop,atAUS$1,050permetrictonCIFSingapore,othertermsasperyourletterof31JulyAsthemarketpriceisfalling,werecommendyourimmediateacceptanceBestregards,EdwardYenManager上一页下一页返回SpecimenLetters4.LetterFourKrpprlRiceLtd.112BukitTimahRoadSingaporeDearSir,Thankyouforyourletterdated10August,2000.WeverymuchregretthatweareunabletoentertainyourcounterofferofAU$1,050permetrictonofpolishedriceCIFSingapore.Wemustpointoutthatyourbidisoutoflinewiththecurrentmarketprice.上一页下一页返回SpecimenLettersOthercompaniesinyourregionarebuyingfreelyatourquotedpriceForyourinformation,themarketisfirmandtendingupward.Thereisverylittlelikelihoodofanysignificantchangeintheforeseeablefuture.Inviewoftheabove,wesuggestthatitisinyourinteresttoacceptourpriceofAU$1,200permetrictonwithoutdelay.Bestregards,S.CareyExportManager上一页返回TermstoLearn(1)thecaptionedgoods(2)onusualterms(3)inreply(4)regret(5)findyourpricetoohigh(6)beoutoflinewith(7)suchbeingthecase(8)bepreparedtodo(9)cometoterms(10)itisinviewof(11)declining(12)atyourearliestconvenience(13)tobeonthehighside(14)cooperationindoing下一页返回TermstoLearn(15)tocuttheprice(16)totheextent(17)acrowdoforders(18)closebusiness(19)atsomethingnearourlevel(20)befirmwithanupwardtendency(21)lapse(22)todobusinessonyourprice(23)thedifferenceinprice(24)innocase(25)stepupthetrade(26)makeacounter-offer上一页下一页返回TermstoLearn(27)bedisappointedat(28)thebestwecando(29)comparablewith(30)directone’sattentionto(31)takeintoconsideration(32)keepyourinquirybeforeus(33)thesame(34)undertake(35)revertto(36)feelfreetodo(37)feelitregrettablethat/muchtoourregretthat(38)owingtoshortageofstocks/owing
toheavycommitment(39)onaccountof上一页返回UsefulSentences1.还盘(Counter-offers)句型1:tomakeacounter-offer还盘Ifyoucannotacceptit,pleasemakeabestpossiblecounteroffer.如不能接受,请尽力给一个最好的还盘。Yourofferisunworkable,assomeparcelsofJapanesemakeshavebeensoldhere
atamuchlowerprice.However,inviewofourlong-standingbusinessrelationshipwe
makeyousuchacounter-offer.你方报盘无法接受,因为这里有几批日本货以低得多的价格出售,但是,鉴于我们之间的长期贸易关系,特向你方做此还盘。下一页返回UsefulSentences句型2:tocounter-offer还盘Yourpriceisonthehighsideandwehavetocounter-offerasfollows,subjecttoyourreplyreceivedbyusonorbefore8April.你方价格偏高,我们不得不做如下还盘,以我方在4月8日或以前收到你方答复为有效。句型3:outoflinewiththemarket与市场不一致(inlinewiththemarket与市场一致)Thepriceyoucounter-offerisoutoflinewiththemarket,soitisbeyondwhatis
acceptabletous.上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences你方还价与市场不一致,故我方无法接受。句型4:toentertainbusinessat…price考虑按……价格成交Wecannotentertainbusinessatyourprice,sinceitisoutoflinewiththeprevailingmarket,being20%lowerthantheaverage.我们不能考虑按你方价格成交,因为你方价格与现时市场不一致,要比一般价格低20%。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences2.商品比较(ComparisonofGoods)句型1:tobe+形容词比较级+than比……要……ThequalityofArt.No.401isbetterthanthatofArt.No.301.第401货号商品的质量要比第301货号商品好。Thepriceofourproductis15%lowerthanthatofsimilarproductofIndianorigin.我们产品的价格要比印度产的同类产品价格低15%。句型2:tocomparefavorablywith……比……要好上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesOurproductscomparefavorablywiththoseofothersuppliers.我们的产品比其他供应商的产品要好。ThequalityandpricesofourproductscomparefavorablywiththoseofJapanesemakes.我们产品的质量比日本货要好,价格也便宜。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences句型3:acomparisonwillconvincesb.ofsth.比较会使某人相信……Wefeelsurethatafaircomparisoninqualitybetweenourelectricfansandthoseofothersupplierswillconvinceyouofthereasonablenessofourquotation.我们确信公正地比较我们的电风扇和其他供应商的电风扇的质量会使你相信我们的报价是适当的。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences3.给予优惠条件(OfferingFavorableTerms)句型1:togivesb.thefirstchance给予优先Wearegivingyouthefirstchanceinviewofyourprevioussubstantialorders,but
weshouldappreciateapromptreplysothatwecanwithdrawtheofferintheeventof
yournotbeinginterested.由于你方以前大量订货,特给予优先机会,但望贵方尽速答复。如无兴趣,我方可撤盘。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences句型2:togive(allow,offer,grant)sb.adiscount给某人折扣Wegiveyouthisspecialdiscountfortheorderwiththeviewofdevelopingthebusinessrelationsbetweenus.我们给你方订单特别折扣,期望发展我们之间的贸易关系。Wearepreparedtoallowyoua10%quantitydiscountifyourorderexceeds200cartons.如果你方订单超过200箱,则拟予以10%的数量折扣。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences4.劝告和推荐(AdvicesandRecommendations)句型1:torecommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事Asthisproductisnowingreatdemandandthesupplyisratherlimited,wewould
recommendyoutoacceptthisofferassoonaspossible.由于此产品需求甚殷,供应有限,我们建议你方尽速接受此报盘。句型2:toone’sadvantagetodosth.做……事是有利的上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesWedeemittoyouradvantagetoavailyourselvesofyouroffer.我们认为你方接受我方报盘是有利的。Itistoourmutualadvantagetomeeteachotherhalfway.彼此各让一半对双方都有好处。句型3:tobeacceptabletosb.可以为某人所接受Wetrustthattheabovetermsareacceptabletoyouandawaityourfinalorderwith
keeninterest.我们相信上述条款可为你方接受,并企盼你方的订单。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences句型4:advisesb.toworkfast劝某人迅速决定Inviewofthehugedemandofthisarticle,wewouldadviseyoutoworkfastand
placeanorderwithusassoonaspossible.鉴于对此商品的巨大需求,请从速决定,尽快给我方订单。句型5:tobewithoutanorder没有订单Wearesorrytonotethatwehavebeenwithoutanorderfromyouforoverhalfa
yearandlookforwardtothepleasureofrepeatorderfromyou.我们很遗憾地注意到,我们已有半年多未收到你方订单,希望能很快收到续订单。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentences句型6:tobenotavailable无货Sincethearticleyourequireisnotavailableforsupplyatpresent,weshouldliketo
recommendsomesimilaronesasfollows.由于你方所需要的商品目前无货供应,我们特推荐如下类似商品。5.形容市场(DescribingtheMarket)Theworldmarketforgroundnutshasadvancedconsiderably.花生的行市有很大的上涨。Theinternationalmarketforsoybeansisstilldropping.大豆的行市仍在下跌。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesYourpriceisoutoflinewiththeprevailinginternationalmarket.你方价格与现行世界市场行情不一致。Ourpriceisinlinewiththecurrentmarketprices.我们的价格与现行市场价格相一致。6.形容价格(DescribingthePrice)Yourpriceisratheronthehigh/lowside.你方价格偏高(低)。Yourpriceistoohigh/low.你方价格太高(低)。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesThepriceisrising/advancing/goingup.价格正在上涨。Thepriceisfalling/dropping/goingdown.价格正在下跌。Therehasbeenajump/slumpinsugarpricerecently.最近,糖的价格暴涨(暴跌)。Thepricewequotedisreasonable/favorable/competitive.我们报的价格很合理/优惠/具有竞争性。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesThisisreallyourrockbottomprice(lowestprice).这已是我们的最低价。Ourproductismoderatelypriced.我们的价格很合理。7.关于降价(AboutPriceCutting)Thebestwecandois5%off.(5%offisthebestwecando.)我们最多只能降价5%。I’mafraidthereisnotmuchroomforfurtherreduction.(Wecan’tloweritanymore.)恐怕没有多大的降价的可能。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesInordertoconcludethetransaction,wearepreparedtoreducethepriceto30pounds.为了达成交易,我们准备降至30镑。Inviewofourlong-standingrelations,wedecidetoreducetheprice.鉴于我们长期的业务关系,我们决定降价。Thecostofrawmaterialshasincreasedconsiderably,sowearenotinapositionto
makeanyreduction.原材料成本大幅增长,所以我们不能降价。上一页下一页返回UsefulSentencesThisisourrockbottomprice.Wewouldn’tmakeanyfurtherconcessions这已是我们的最低价。我们不能再让步了。Wewouldn’tmakeanyprofitsatthepriceyouoffered.以你方所报的价格,我们将无利可图。Let’smeeteachotherhalfwayandreducethepriceby2%.让我们各让一步,将价格降低2%。上一页返回ExercisesⅠ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1.你方还盘与现行市场价不符。2.很遗憾,我们的价格与你方还盘之间的差距太大。3.很遗憾我们不能把价格降到你方所表示的水平。4.由于原材料短缺,制造商不能接受任何新的订单。5.由于大量承约,我们不能接受新订单,但是一旦新货源到来,我们将随即去电与你方联系不误。6.目前我们暂不能给你们报盘,但将记住你方的询价。7.报给你方的价格是很实际的。很抱歉不能接受你方的还盘。8.我们的报价相当合理,(这)已为你地其他客户所接受。9.你方必须降价2%左右,否则没有成交的可能。10.请随时告知你处市场的供货情况。下一页返回Exercises1.Asthemarketis_____,you
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