四川省成都市2024届高三下学期第三次诊断性检测英语试卷（解析版）

第第页四川省成都市2024届高三下学期第三次诊断性检测英语试卷一、阅读理解阅读理解Thenewscycleisdrivingustotheedgeofmadness,sowhynotswitchoff,unplugandpickupabook?Weknowyoucouldusealaughrightnow—andluckily,severalthousandsofyoutoldusallaboutthebooks,storiesandpoemsthatmakeyoulaugh.Wetookyourvotesandwiththehelpofourpanel(专家小组)ofexpertjudgeswecreatedthislistof100readsdesignedtomakeyoulaughoutloud.Wantslice-of-lifeessays?Loopypoetry?Textsfromfamousliteraryfigures?Scrolldown—we'vegotitall.Aswithallourreaderpolls,thisisacurated(精心筹划的)listandnotastraight-uppopularitycontest;unlikelastyear,you'llseethebooksaregroupedintocategoriesratherthanrankedfromoneto100.And,asalways,thereareafewthingsthatdidn'tmakethelist—surprisingly,Shakespearedidn'tgetenoughvotestomakeittothesemifinals.Thentherewerebooksthatdidn'tquitestandthetestoftime,orweresonewwecouldn'ttellwhetherthey'dstandup.Someoftheauthorsonthislistareincrediblypopular,andyouvotedtheminoverandoveragain.Becausespaceislimited,wetrytoholdeachauthortoonespotonthelist,buttherearesomeexceptionssuchasNoraEphron,whoourjudgesthoughtwasperfect.Andspeakingofourjudges,youwillfindacoupleoftheirworksonthelistthisyear—wedon'tletjudgesvotefortheirownworks,butreaderslovedworkssuchasSamanthaIrby'sWeAreNeverMeetingInRealLife,sothepanelagreedtheyshouldstay.Laughteristhebestmedicine.Justclickhereandstartreading!1．Howisthelistofthisyeardifferentfromthatoflastyear?A．Morebooksareincluded.B．Itismadeallbyreaders.C．Itmainlyfocusesonpoetry.D．Thelistedbooksareclassified.2．WhatcanwelearnaboutNoraEphron?A．Shefailstostandthetestoftime.B．Sheisnotsopopularasotherauthors.C．Shegetsmorethanonespotonthelist.D．Shebelongstothepanelofexpertjudges.3．WhyisWeAreNeverMeetingInRealLifekeptonthelist?A．Itiswrittenbyajudge.B．Itreflectsreallife.C．Itgetsenoughreaders'votes.D．Itattractstheexperts.【答案】1．D2．C3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了旨在引发开怀大笑的100本文学作品。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．细节理解题。根据第三段中"Aswithallourreaderpolls,thisisacurated(精心筹划的)listandnotastraight-uppopularitycontest;unlikelastyear,you'llseethebooksaregroupedintocategoriesratherthanrankedfromoneto100.(与我们所有的读者投票一样，这是一个精心策划的榜单，而不是直接的人气竞赛；与去年不同的是，你会看到这些书被分成不同的类别，而不是从1到100的排名。)"可知，今年的榜单和去年不同的是所列出的书是分类的。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据第五段中"Becausespaceislimited,wetrytoholdeachauthortoonespotonthelist,buttherearesomeexceptionssuchasNoraEphron,whoourjudgesthoughtwasperfect.(由于篇幅有限，我们尽量让每位作者都在名单上占据一个位置，但也有一些例外，比如NoraEphron，我们的评委认为她是完美的。)"可知，NoraEphron在名单上得到了不止一个位置。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Andspeakingofourjudges,youwillfindacoupleoftheirworksonthelistthisyear—wedon'tletjudgesvotefortheirownworks,butreaderslovedworkssuchasSamanthaIrby'sWeAreNeverMeetingInRealLife,sothepanelagreedtheyshouldstay.(说到我们的评委，你会在今年的名单上发现他们的一些作品——我们不让评委为他们自己的作品投票，但是读者喜欢SamanthaIrby的《我们在现实生活中从未见面》这样的作品，所以评审团同意他们留下来。)"可知，因为《我们在现实生活中从未见面》得到了足够多的读者投票所以一直在榜单上。故选C。阅读理解Almost40%ofallglobalemploymentmaybeaffectedbyAI,accordingtoanalysisbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Butdon'tbealarmed.Thatdoesn'tmean40%jobswilldisappearaltogether.Instead,we'retalkingabouthumansworkingalongsideAItools,notbeingreplacedbythem.Speakingatthe2023WorldEconomicForum'sGrowthSummit,economistRichardBaldwinsaid,"AIwon'ttakeyourjob.It'ssomebodyusingAIthatwilltakeyourjob."Thismeansthatifyoudon'tknowhowtoworkwithAI,you'reinamuchriskierposition—certainlycomparedtosomeonewhoknowshowtouseittoimprovetheirjobefficiency.So,considerhowyoucouldstartintegratingAIintoyoureverydaywork.Canyouuseittopolishanemail,forexample?Canyouuseitasaproductivitytool...Ifnot,tryyourbesttogettogripswithit.Therearetonsoffree(andpaid)coursesouttherethatcanhelpyou.However,justknowinghowtoworkeffectivelywithAIisfarfromenough.It'salsoimportanttopositionyourselfintheorganizationinlinewiththethingsthatAIscan'tdo.Basically,thinkabouthowyoucantakeonmoreresponsibilitiesintheareaswherehumanskillsarestillneededandwillalwaysbeneeded—areaslikecreativity,complexdecisionmaking,interpersonalrelationshipsandsoon.Thesearetheareaswherehumanswillcontinuetohavetheedgeovermachines.Anyonewhowantstogainfutureworkplacesuccessshoulddeveloptherelevantskills.It'snotsurprisingthatchangeisuncomfortable.Buttoday'sworkplacesarefullofrapidandnear-constantchange.So,ifchangeissomethingyoustrugglewith,nowisagoodtimetoembraceandaddressthat.4．HowmayAIinfluenceglobalemploymentinthefuture?A．Itmaycauseseverejobloss.B．Itmaythreatenpeople'ssafety.C．Itmaychangethewaywework.D．Itmaylessenpeercompetition.5．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．AIhelpsusbecomemorecreative.B．AIcanhardlyreplaceusinsomeareas.C．AIismuchlesseffectivethanwethink.D．AIisabletomakecomplicateddecisions.6．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthechallengescausedbyAI?A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.7．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．ToshareexperienceofusingAIinwork.B．ToadviseustostayrelevantintheageofAI.C．TointroducedifferentfunctionsofgenerativeAI.D．Toexplainwhyweshouldimproveourproductivity.【答案】4．C5．B6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了AI对全球就业的影响，并指出虽然AI可能会影响到许多工作，但并不意味着这些工作会完全消失，而是人们将和AI工具一起工作。文章建议人们要学习如何与AI有效合作，并思考如何在需要人类技能的领域承担更多责任，以保持在职场中的竞争力。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题一种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。4．推理判断题。根据第一段"Almost40%ofallglobalemploymentmaybeaffectedbyAI,accordingtoanalysisbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Butdon'tbealarmed.Thatdoesn'tmean40%jobswilldisappearaltogether.Instead,we'retalkingabouthumansworkingalongsideAItools,notbeingreplacedbythem.(根据国际货币基金组织的分析，全球近40%的就业可能会受到人工智能的影响。但不要惊慌。这并不意味着40%的工作岗位将完全消失。相反，我们谈论的是人类与人工智能工具一起工作，而不是被它们取代。)"可推知，人工智能可能会改变我们的工作方式。故选C。5．推理判断题。根据第四段"Basically,thinkabouthowyoucantakeonmoreresponsibilitiesintheareaswherehumanskillsarestillneededandwillalwaysbeneeded—areaslikecreativity,complexdecisionmaking,interpersonalrelationshipsandsoon.Thesearetheareaswherehumanswillcontinuetohavetheedgeovermachines.Anyonewhowantstogainfutureworkplacesuccessshoulddeveloptherelevantskills.(基本上，你要考虑如何在那些仍然需要并且永远需要人类技能的领域承担更多的责任——比如创造力、复杂决策、人际关系等等。在这些领域，人类将继续比机器有优势。任何想要获得未来职场成功的人都应该培养相关技能。)"可知，从第四段可以推断出人工智能在某些领域很难取代我们。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段"It'snotsurprisingthatchangeisuncomfortable.Buttoday'sworkplacesarefullofrapidandnear-constantchange.So,ifchangeissomethingyoustrugglewith,nowisagoodtimetoembraceandaddressthat.(改变让人不舒服并不奇怪。但如今的工作场所充满了快速且几乎不间断的变化。所以，如果改变是你挣扎的事情，现在是接受和解决它的好时机。)"可推知，作者对人工智能带来的挑战持积极态度。故选A。7．推理判断题。文章主要讨论了AI对全球就业的影响，并指出虽然AI可能会影响到许多工作，但并不意味着这些工作会完全消失，而是人们将和AI工具一起工作。文章建议人们要学习如何与AI有效合作，并思考如何在需要人类技能的领域承担更多责任，以保持在职场中的竞争力。因此，文章的主要目的是建议我们在AI时代保持相关性。故选B。阅读理解Socialwelfareprograms,includingqualityearlyeducation,earned-incometaxcreditandhealthcare,canchangechildren'slives.Moreimportantly,recentstudiesshowthebenefitsfromtheseprogramsstronglyinfluencethenextgeneration,liftingthemoutofpoverty.Thelong-termimpactofprekindergarteniswellestablishedandwidelyknown.50yearsago,123three-andfour-year-oldAfricanAmericansfromlow-incomefamiliesinYpsilanti,Michigantookpartinanexperiment.AbouthalfattendedapioneeringearlyeducationprogramcalledPerryPreschool,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Researchershavebeenabletotrackthelivesofmostofthesechildreneversince.ThekidswhowenttoPerryPreschooldidbetterinschool,mademoremoney,andwerehealthierthanthecontrolgroup.ThebenefitsofPerryPreschooldidn'tjuststopwiththosechildren.AstudypublishedlastsummerbyNobelPrize-winningeconomistJamesHeckmanandhiscolleaguestakestheimplicationsofPerryagiantstepfurther.ThisresearchshowsthatthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolersarealsobetteroffbecauseoftheirparents'experience.AsthePerrypreschoolersgrewup,theybecamebettereducatedanddevelopedgreatersocio-emotionalskillsthanthecontrolgroup.Theybecamebetterparents.Theirchildrengrewupinharmonioustwo-parentfamiliesthatmade,onaverage,about$10,000moreayear.Itwasenoughtoliftmanyofthemoutofpoverty.Thishealthyupbringinghashadalong-lastingeffectonthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolers.Comparedtothechildrenofthecontrolgroup,theyweremuchlesslikelytohavedroppedout,andmorelikelytohavegraduatedfromhighschool.Here'sanotherexample—ANorwegianstudydemonstratedthedecades-longimpactonbabieswho,duringtheirfirstyear,benefitedfromtheirmothers'havinghadtheopportunitytosignupforfreemotherandchildhealthcarecenters.Inthefollowingyears,theseyoungstersgrewtallerandstayedinschoollongerthanthosewhosemothersdidnotreceivethesamesupport.At40,theyareinbetterhealth.8．WhatdoweknowaboutPerryPreschool?A．Itprovidedearlyqualityeducation.B．Itdividedthekidsintotwogroups.C．Itreceivedkidsfromallbackgrounds.D．Itcontinuedtotrackhalfofthekids'lives.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"implications"inParagraph3probablymean?A．Truths. B．Assumptions. C．Effects. D．Suggestions.10．WhatdidthePerryPreschoolexperimentfind?A．Perrypreschoolersreceivedlesseducation.B．Ithadnoimpactontheparticipants'children.C．Earlyeducationcouldbringeconomicbenefits.D．Thechildrenofthecontrolgroupbecamehealthier.11．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthetext?A．Earlyqualityeducationmattersmost.B．Socialwelfarecanbreakthecycleofpoverty.C．Wealthcanbepasseddownthroughgenerations.D．Parentsareimportantinshapingfuturegeneration.【答案】8．A9．C10．C11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健全完善的社会保障制度，不仅可以改变一代人的人生轨迹，还会对下一代人产生深远的影响，打破贫困的代际循环。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和词义猜测题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。8．推理判断题。根据第二段"AbouthalfattendedapioneeringearlyeducationprogramcalledPerryPreschool,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Researchershavebeenabletotrackthelivesofmostofthesechildreneversince.ThekidswhowenttoPerryPreschooldidbetterinschool,mademoremoney,andwerehealthierthanthecontrolgroup.(大约一半的人参加了一个名为佩里幼儿园的开创性早期教育项目，而对照组没有参加。从那时起，研究人员已经能够跟踪这些孩子的生活。与对照组相比，上佩里幼儿园的孩子在学校表现更好，赚更多的钱，也更健康。)"可知，佩里幼儿园提供早期优质教育。故选A。9．词义猜测题。文章划线单词下文讲到"ThisresearchshowsthatthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolersarealsobetteroffbecauseoftheirparents'experience.(新的研究表明，因为小时候接受过佩里学前教育，所以他们的孩子比起对照组的后代往往生活得更好)"可知，詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事对佩里项目的……有了更深层次的发现。结合第二段"AbouthalfattendedapioneeringearlyeducationprogramcalledPerryPreschool,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Researchershavebeenabletotrackthelivesofmostofthesechildreneversince.ThekidswhowenttoPerryPreschooldidbetterinschool,mademoremoney,andwerehealthierthanthecontrolgroup.(大约一半的人参加了一个名为佩里幼儿园的开创性早期教育项目，而对照组没有参加。从那时起，研究人员已经能够跟踪这些孩子的生活。与对照组相比，上佩里幼儿园的孩子在学校表现更好，赚更多的钱，也更健康。)"可推知，詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事对佩里项目的教育效果进行了更深层次的发现。因此，第三段中下划线单词的意思是"效果"。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第四段"Theybecamebetterparents.Theirchildrengrewupinharmonioustwo-parentfamiliesthatmade,onaverage,about$10,000moreayear.(他们成为了更好的父母。他们的孩子在和谐的双亲家庭中长大，平均每年多挣一万美元)"可知，佩里早期教育可以带来经济利益。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第一段"Moreimportantly,recentstudiesshowthebenefitsfromtheseprogramsstronglyinfluencethenextgeneration,liftingthemoutofpoverty.(更重要的是，最近的研究表明，这些项目的好处会对下一代产生巨大影响，帮助他们摆脱贫困。)"以及第四段讲到"Itwasenoughtoliftmanyofthemoutofpoverty.Thishealthyupbringinghashadalong-lastingeffectonthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolers.(这足以让他们中的许多人摆脱贫困。这种健康的教养方式对佩里家学龄前儿童产生了持久的影响。)"可知，作者想通过本文传达的是社会福利可以打破贫困的循环。故选B。阅读理解Profitsfromcuttingdownrainforestsaresurprisinglysmall.AfreshlyclearedsquarekilometeroftheAmazonrainforestfetchesanaveragepriceofonlyaround$12.Bycontrast,thesocialcostsofclearingitarehuge.Some500tonsofcarbondioxidearepumpedintotheatmosphere.Byanestimate,thatdoes$25,000ofharmbyacceleratingclimatechange.Yetstilltheworld'streesaredisappearing.Thesenselessmencuttingdowntreesreceivetheprofits,butall8billionpeopleontheplanetpayforthecosts.Clearly,iftheownersoftherainforestwerepaidnottodestroyit,everyonewouldbebetteroff.Ifrainforestswereinplaceswithclearlandownershipandafirmruleoflaw,theworldwouldnodoubtalreadyhavefundedsuchadeal.Sadly,theyarenot.Localofficialsareofteninleaguewiththeloggers,andmaybeloggersthemselves.ConsiderBrazil.Ithadaleader,whosidedwithillegalloggersandranchers(大农场主).Hestoppedfiningforestcriminalsandtoldillegalminersonlocalreserveshewouldlegalisethemining.Onhiswatchthepaceofdeforestationroseby60%.Localcommunitiesoftenrefusetofollowthelawandordersincetheyseemorebenefitfromdeforestationthanprotectingit.Andthelandownershipisamess.Whenit'sunclearwhoownsapieceofland,it'sunclearwhomtopaytoprotectit,orwhomtofinefordestroyingit.Leadershipmatters.Butevenunderbetterleaders,peoplelivingthereshouldseebenefitsinprotectingthem.Thatwillrequireabig,reliableflowofcashwhichshouldcomefromrich-countrygovernmentsandfromprivatefirmsbuyingcarboncreditstomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Suchcarboncreditscouldbeusedtopromoteagreenerlocaleconomy,andcleanuplocallandregistration.Ifthere'senoughcash,conditionallypaid,localswillbeencouragedtoprotecttreesandlesslikelytoelectirresponsibleleaders.Topreservesuchahugecarbonsink—nevermindthebiodiversityitcontains—thiswouldbeabargain.12．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellinParagraph1?A．Climatechangeisaccelerating.B．Rainforestclearingisratherprofitable.C．Carbondioxideisharmfultotheatmosphere.D．Thecostsofdeforestationoutweightheprofits.13．Whatmakestheworld'streesdisappearconstantly?A．Clearlandownership.B．Theabsenceofrelatedlaw.C．Profit-drivinglogging.D．People'swillingnesstobuytrees.14．Whatisneededtoprotecttherainforestaccordingtotheauthor?A．Morelandownershipfunds.B．Bringinginmoreprivatefirms.C．Awarenessofsavingbiodiversity.D．Payingthelocalsforthepreservationefforts.15．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．CashforSavingRainforestsB．FightIllegalLogginginBrazilC．DilemmasofRainforestProtectionD．RainforestDeforestationandClimateChange【答案】12．D13．C14．D15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益，然而利润驱动的伐木让世界上的树木不断消失。作者认为可以付钱给当地人保护雨林。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，段落大意题和标题选择题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。12．段落大意题。根据第一段"Profitsfromcuttingdownrainforestsaresurprisinglysmall.AfreshlyclearedsquarekilometeroftheAmazonrainforestfetchesanaveragepriceofonlyaround$12.Bycontrast,thesocialcostsofclearingitarehuge.Some500tonsofcarbondioxidearepumpedintotheatmosphere.Byanestimate,thatdoes$25,000ofharmbyacceleratingclimatechange.(砍伐雨林的利润少得惊人。一平方公里新砍伐的亚马孙雨林的平均价格仅为12美元左右。相比之下，清理森林的社会成本是巨大的。大约500吨二氧化碳被排放到大气中。据估计，这将加速气候变化，造成2.5万美元的损失)"可知，作者想在第一段中表达的是砍伐森林的成本大于收益。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第二段"Yetstilltheworld'streesaredisappearing.Thesenselessmencuttingdowntreesreceivetheprofits,butall8billionpeopleontheplanetpayforthecosts.(然而，世界上的树木仍然在消失。愚蠢的人砍伐树木获得利润，但所有80亿人在这个星球上支付成本)"可知，利润驱动的伐木让世界上的树木不断消失。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Ifthere'senoughcash,conditionallypaid,localswillbeencouragedtoprotecttreesandlesslikelytoelectirresponsibleleaders.(如果有足够的现金，有条件地支付，当地人将被鼓励保护树木，而不太可能选出不负责任的领导人)"可知，保护雨林需要为保护工作付钱给当地人。故选D。15．标题选择题。根据最后一段"Suchcarboncreditscouldbeusedtopromoteagreenerlocaleconomy,andcleanuplocallandregistration.Ifthere'senoughcash,conditionallypaid,localswillbeencouragedtoprotecttreesandlesslikelytoelectirresponsibleleaders.Topreservesuchahugecarbonsink—nevermindthebiodiversityitcontains—thiswouldbeabargain.(这样的碳信用额度可以用来促进更环保的地方经济，并清理地方土地登记。如果有足够的现金，有条件地支付，当地人将被鼓励保护树木，而不太可能选出不负责任的领导人。为了保护如此巨大的碳汇——更不用说它所包含的生物多样性了——这将是一笔很划算的交易)"结合文章主要说明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益，然而利润驱动的伐木让世界上的树木不断消失。作者认为可以付钱给当地人保护雨林。可知，A选项"拯救热带雨林的现金"最符合文章标题。故选A。二、七选五七选五There'snodoubtthatlonelinesshurts.FunctionalMRIsshowthattheareaofthebraintriggeredbysocialrejectionisthesameareathat'striggeredbyphysicalpain.Tounderstandwhylonelinesshurts,let'stakeacloserlookatfriendshipthroughtheeyesoftwoheavyweightphilosophers.InonecornerwehaveAristotle,whowrotethatwithoutfriends,there'snoreasontolive.TheGreekgreatbelievedthatfriendshipsarebasedonthevirtuesofthefriend.16．ButtheproblemwithAristotle'stheoryisthatifyoulosesomevirtues,youshouldalsoexpecttolosesomefriends.Andthat'snothowfriendshipswork-atleastnotthegoodones.17．SoasasharpcounterpunchtoAristotle,let'sturntotherenownedEnlightenmentphilosopherImmanuelKant,whosaidthatallpeoplehavevalueregardlessoftheirvirtues.Sinceweviewourtruefriendswiththiskindofunconditionalloveandrespect,wecanassumetheyviewusthesameway.18．Beingawayfromourfriendstakesawaytheselife-affirminginteractions.Worse,havingnofriendsmeansourvalue,ordignity,isn'tbeingappreciated.19．Thismayseemobvious,butthere'sacatch.Yourconnectionhastobeoriented(以……为方向)towardtheotherperson-notinwhattheycandoforyouandyourloneliness.Sosayhitoaneighbor,holdthedoorforsomeone,orvolunteeratthesoupkitchen.20．However,they'llhelpyoufeelmoreconnectedtotheworld.Andthemoreofthesesmallstepsyoutaketowardconnection,thefartherawayfromlonelinessyou'llget.A.Thismaysoundfineatfirst.B.Theylastthroughthickandthin.C.Thistellsuswhylonelinesshurts.D.Theseactsmaynotmakeyoualifelongfriend.E.Themorefriendsyouhave,thehappieryou'llbe.F.Wefeellikewe'renotacceptedbythepeoplearoundus.G.Thus,thecureforlonelinesscanbefoundinotherpeople.【答案】16．A；17．B；18．C；19．G；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过两位重量级哲学家看待友谊的观点来理解为什么孤独会伤害人。备选项的中文意思：A.乍听之下这似乎不错。B.它们（友谊）能经受住艰难困苦的考验。C.这解释了孤独为何令人痛苦。D.这些行为未必能让你结交终身挚友。E.朋友越多，你就越快乐。F.我们会感到自己未被周围人接纳。G.因此，孤独的解药在于他人。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1.看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2.首先快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3.精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4.看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5.解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though,however等。6.做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。16．根据空前的"TheGreekgreatbelievedthatfriendshipsarebasedonthevirtuesofthefriend.(这位希腊伟人认为，友谊是建立在朋友的美德之上的。)"可知，亚里士多德认为友谊建立在美德之上，根据空后的"ButtheproblemwithAristotle'stheoryisthatifyoulosesomevirtues,youshouldalsoexpecttolosesomefriends.(但亚里士多德理论的问题在于，如果你失去了一些美德，你也会失去一些朋友。)"可知，亚里士多德认为如果失去了美德就会失去一些朋友，结合but可知，空处与下文内容为转折关系，A选项"Thismaysoundfineatfirst.(乍听之下这似乎不错。)"讲述的内容承接了上文，且与空后的内容为转折关系。故选A。17．根据空前的"Andthat'snothowfriendshipswork—atleastnotthegoodones.(友谊不是这样的——至少好的友谊不是这样的。)"可知，友谊不是这样的，由此可知推断，此处讲述的是好的友谊是什么样子的，B选项"Theylastthroughthickandthin.(它们（友谊）能经受住艰难困苦的考验。)"讲述的内容承接空前内容，其中的they指代的是friendships。故选B。18．根据空前的"SoasasharpcounterpunchtoAristotle,let'sturntotherenownedEnlightenmentphilosopherImmanuelKant,whosaidthatallpeoplehavevalueregardlessoftheirvirtues.Sinceweviewourtruefriendswiththiskindofunconditionalloveandrespect,wecanassumetheyviewusthesameway.(因此，作为对亚里士多德的有力反击，让我们转向著名的启蒙哲学家伊曼努尔·康德，他说，所有人都有价值，不管他们的美德如何。既然我们用这种无条件的爱和尊重来看待我们真正的朋友，我们可以假设他们也以同样的方式看待我们。)"可知，康德认为我们所有人都是有价值的，而且是把这种无条件的爱和尊重来看待我们真正的朋友，结合空后的"Beingawayfromourfriendstakesawaytheselife-affirminginteractions.Worse,havingnofriendsmeansourvalue,ordignity,isn'tbeingappreciated.(远离我们的朋友带走了这些肯定生活的互动。更糟糕的是，没有朋友意味着我们的价值或尊严没有得到赏识。)"可知，空处应承上启下，C选项"Thistellsuswhylonelinesshurts.(这解释了孤独为何令人痛苦。)"中的this指代的为空前的内容，且引出下文中没有朋友会产生的影响。故选C。19．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，根据空后的"Thismayseemobvious,butthere'sacatch.Yourconnectionhastobeoriented(以……为方向)towardtheotherperson—notinwhattheycandoforyouandyourloneliness.(这似乎是显而易见的，但有一个陷阱。你们的关系必须以对方为导向——而不是他们能为你和你的孤独做些什么。)"可知，此处讲述的是他人可以治疗我们的孤独，G选项"Thus,thecureforlonelinesscanbefoundinotherpeople.(因此，孤独的解药在于他人。)"讲述的内容与空后内容吻合，且该选项讲述的内容为空后的this指代的内容。故选G。20．根据空前的"Sosayhitoaneighbor,holdthedoorforsomeone,orvolunteeratthesoupkitchen.(所以跟邻居打个招呼，帮别人扶一下门，或者在施粥处做志愿者。)"可知，此处介绍的是如何建立与他人的联系，根据空后的"However,they'llhelpyoufeelmoreconnectedtotheworld.(然而，它们会让你感觉与世界的联系更紧密。)"可知，空处讲述的内容与空后的内容为转折关系，D选项"Theseactsmaynotmakeyoualifelongfriend.(这些行为未必能让你结交终身挚友。)"中的Theseacts指代空前的行为，且与空后的内容为转折关系。故选D。三、完形填空（20分）完形填空IfyouwalkaroundtheRahwayTrail(小路)intheSouthMountainReservation,youmightspotmorethanleaves,treesandsquirrels.Fairies(精灵)mightliveamongtheleaves.Small21．arehiddeninthetreetrunksandbranches—asurprisingly22．sightinanotherwisenormal-lookingforest.Thefairyhomeswerenotbuiltby23．creatures,butbyvolunteers.TheideacamefromawomannamedThereseOjibway,who10yearsago24．herson,whohasautism(自闭症),tohaveasafespaceto25．innature."So,she26．thisRahwayTrail,nowknownastheFairyTrail,andstartedleavingfairyhomes27．,sothatwhentheycame,hehadsomethingtheycouldlookforandovertimeshe28．fillingitupevenmore,"saidJulieGould,oneofthetrailkeepers.Ojibwayandhersonmovedoutoftheareaafewyearsago,buttheirfairytrail29．.GouldandKelly,officiallyaskedtobecomethe"MakersandKeepers"ofthetrail,30．tobuildlittlewoodenhomesforthefairieswithvolunteers.KidsvisitingtheFairyTrailcanspendhours31．thenearly100tinyhomes,but32．,theymightnotseefairies."Wedon'talwaysseethemsincethey're33．,"explainedKelly."Butreallyyoushouldseewhentheyrideonthebacksofthesquirrels...Soforustobeabletoprovide34．forthemisjustwonderful."Still,kids35．toseethefairies—andsometimesthey'reconvincedtheyhave.Iftheydon't,itis36．adaywellspentoutinnature."Thisisreallyaboutamagical37．whenyoucomehere...ittouchesyourhearts,anditgivesyouasenseofimagination,38．andcreativity,"Gouldsaid."That'showwegetpaid.Wegetpaidwhenwegetto39．withthechildren,whocomehereanditmadetheirday.Thisisjusta40．placeforthem."21．A．leaves B．squirrels C．cottages D．kids22．A．common B．comfortable C．sweet D．pitiful23．A．imaginary B．intelligent C．primitive D．tiny24．A．allowed B．wanted C．begged D．commanded25．A．share B．search C．occupy D．explore26．A．found B．followed C．hiked D．surrounded27．A．byaccident B．hereandthereC．inahurry D．dayandnight28．A．admitted B．avoided C．risked D．kept29．A．faded B．survived C．remained D．twisted30．A．continue B．struggle C．intend D．happen31．A．breakinginto B．tearingdownC．lookingfor D．settingup32．A．unfortunately B．hopefullyC．unexpectedly D．deliberately33．A．innocent B．shy C．adorable D．fictional34．A．food B．suggestions C．homes D．privacy35．A．manage B．pretend C．hesitate D．attempt36．A．hardly B．actually C．likely D．still37．A．feeling B．impression C．promise D．creature38．A．justice B．identityC．accomplishment D．wonder39．A．negotiate B．reason C．interact D．compete40．A．magical B．typical C．secret D．temporary【答案】21．C；22．C；23．A；24．B；25．D；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．C；32．A；33．B；34．C；35．D；36．D；37．A；38．D；39．C；40．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了在SouthMountainReservation的一条小路上发现了许多小木屋，这些小木屋是由一个名叫ThereseOjibway的女士为她患有自闭症的儿子建造的。

【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。21．句意：小木屋隐藏在树干和树枝中——在这片看起来正常的森林里，这是一幅令人惊讶的甜蜜景象。A.leaves树叶；B.squirrels松鼠；C.cottages小屋；D.kids孩子。根据第四段中"tobuildlittlewoodenhomesforthefairieswithvolunteers"可知，森林里有很多小木屋。故选C。22．句意：小木屋隐藏在树干和树枝中——在这片看起来正常的森林里，这是一幅令人惊讶的甜蜜景象。A.common普通的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.sweet甜蜜的；D.pitiful可怜的。根据前文"youmightspotmorethanleaves,treesandsquirrels.Fairies(精灵)mightliveamongtheleaves.Small____1____arehiddeninthetreetrunksandbranches"可知，这是一幅令人惊讶的甜蜜景象。故选C。23．句意：这些童话般的家园不是由想象出来的生物建造的，而是由志愿者建造的。A.imaginary想象的；B.intelligent聪明的；C.primitive原始的；D.tiny微小的。根据后文"butbyvolunteers"可知，这些童话般的家园不是由想象出来的生物建造的。故选A。24．句意：这个想法来自一位名叫ThereseOjibway的妇女，她在10年前希望她患有自闭症的儿子有一个安全的空间去探索大自然。A.allowed允许；B.wanted想要，希望；C.begged乞求；D.commanded命令。根据后文"tohaveasafespaceto____5____innature"可知，这位母亲希望她儿子有一个安全的空间去探索大自然。故选B。25．句意：这个想法来自一位名叫ThereseOjibway的妇女，她在10年前希望她患有自闭症的儿子有一个安全的空间去探索大自然。A.share分享；B.search寻找；C.occupy占有；D.explore探索。根据后文"innature"及第五段中"KidsvisitingtheFairyTrailcanspendhours____11____thenearly100tinyhomes"可知，这位母亲希望她