美国梦与中国梦的对比研究：以《了不起的盖茨比》和《平凡的世界》为例

PAGEPreliminaryTitleAComparisonBetweenAmericanDreamandChineseDream：ACaseStudyofTheGreatGatsbyandTheOrdinaryWorld1.Rationale1.1SignificanceforthePreliminaryTitleTheChineseDreamhasbeenpopularinrecentyearsanditisofvitalimportanceforChinesepeople.However,AmericaputforwardthisconceptearlierthanChinamanyyearsago.Dotheyhaveconnections?Howaretheydifferentfromeachother?Toformasharplycontrast,thispapermakesacomparisonbetweenAmericanDreamandChineseDreaminTheGreatGatsbyandTheOrdinaryWorld.Theoretically,TheGreatGatsbyandTheOrdinaryWorldaretwomostrepresentativeworksreflectingtwodreams.Fromtheprotagonistsoftheworks,wecanrealizethateveryonehashisadvantagesanddisadvantagesandgoodqualityoftheirscanbelearned.Bycomparing,thereasonthatAmericanDreaminthatagewoulddisillusionwillbemadeclear,fromwhichsomeilluminationcanbegot.Practically,literaryworksaretheproductionofsocialdevelopment,sothemainstreamspiritofsocietyshouldbestressed.Behindthetwoworks,theyhavedeepermeanings.Bymakingacomparisonbetweentwoworks,thereisacleardifferenceintheiressence.AlthoughitmorestressesondisillusionmentofAmericanDreaminTheGreatGatsby,whatmattersisthatitaffordsususefullessonstothedevelopmentoftheChineseDream.SomethingwhichispositiveaboutAmericandreamcanbeutilizedtoconstructabetterChineseDream.1.2LimitationsoftheResearchAimFirstofall,TheGreatGatsbyisanoutstandingworkswrittenbyFrancisScottFitzgeraldandTheOrdinaryWorldisthemostfamousworksofLuYao.Thispaperaimstoconnectthesetwoworkstomakeacontrast.Mostofresearchersathomeandabroadonlyanalyzetwoworksrespectively,sofewscholarscompareTheGreatGatsbywithChineseliteraryworks.Asaresult,therelevantliteratureisfewanddifficulttofind.Moreover,theChineseDreamisanewconceptthathasbeenputforwardinrecentyears.InChina,fewworksreflectChineseDream.TheOrdinaryWorldisthefinestworktomanifestChineseDreamandsocialistcorevaluesinthehighestextent.However,researchesoncomparisonbetweenTheGreatGatsbyandTheOrdinaryWorldcanbecountup.Allinall,becausethebackgroundofAmericanDreamandChineseDreamisdifferent,thetimewhentwodreamsarecoinedisdifferentaswell,relevantliteratureisfewandthecomparabilityofthemisstilltoberesearched.2.LiteratureReview2.1ResearchesAbroadTheGreatGatsbywasaveryclassicliteratureworkinforeigncountries,scholarsanalyzeditfrommanyaspects.However,researchesabroadmainlyfocusedonfollowingaspects.Firstofall,thestructureanalysiswasafocus.Scholarsfocusedonanalyzingstructureoftext,includingcharacters’personality,maincontentofeachchapterandwritingtechniquesandsoon.ThePaperTheGreatGatsbyBasedontheBookbyF.ScottpublishedbySparkNotesanalyzedthewholetextfromallaspects.AthesisAStructuralAnalysisoftheGreatGatsbywrittenbyThierschandArthurRobertwasalsoanalyzedthestructureofbook.Next,itscombinationwithAmericanDreamwasanotherfocus.ResearchersalmosthadacommontopicthatTheGreatGatsbywastherepresentativeworksofJazzAgeandAmericanDreamwasdoomedtodisillusion.Mostresearcherscriticizedthematerialismandmoneyworshipinthebook,whichtheythoughtitexertedbadinfluenceonthesociety.ZahrotualMunirohinhispaperAmericanDreamFoundinF.ScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsbypointedoutthatTheGreatGatsbywasanexampleofanovelofthepursuitofAmericandreamandprovidedtheeffortsandstrugglesofitscharactersinthepursuitofhappinessintheirlives.Meanwhile,certainconditionsledthemtobepeoplewhoweresoselfishandheartlessbecausetheyputmaterialismandhedonismastheirbeliefsandprinciples.AbachelorthesisTheAmericanDreamasaMeansofSocialCriticisminTheGreatGatsbywrittenbyLovisaLindbergshowedhowFitzgeraldusedTheAmericanDreamasameansofsocialcriticismofthemoralimplicationsthataccompanygreatwealthandmaterialexcess(2).J.T.Barbaresepublishedapaper“TheGreatGatsby”andtheAmericanDream,inwhichheconcludedthecomplexrelationshipbetweencharactersandpointedoutthattheAmericanDreamwastoomuchanidealtobeconsummated.2.2ResearchesatHome2.2.1ResearchesonTheGreatGatsbyResearchersinChinaanalyzeditfromtheperspectiveofwritingskills,suchassymbolismandfeminism.Theyanalyzedcharacters’personality,suchasGatsbyandDaisy.TheyconnectedTheGreatGatsbywiththedisillusionmentofAmericanDreamaswell,whichwasfulloftragicfeatures.Firstly,theyanalyzednovelwithsymbolism.AthesisSymbolisminTheGreatGatsbywrittenbyChenHenganalyzedthenovelthroughsymbolismfromthreeaspects:symbolicsettings,symboliccharactersandsymbolicthemes(5).AjournalSymbolsinTheGreatGatsbywrittenbyXuYananalyzedthesymbolsinthebookwhichincludedsomeparticularplace,objects,characters,settingsandactions.ThesesymbolswereconnectedtothethemeofthecorruptionoftheAmericanDream(248).SymbolisminTheGreatGatsbywrittenbyGuJuntalkedaboutsymbolisminhispaperfromcharacters,settingsandobjects.Secondly,theypaidattentiontonarrativetechniques,becauseNikeCarrawayplayedaparticularroleinthenovel.AthesisInterpretationofNikeastheRealProtagonistinTheGreatGatsbyfromthePerspectiveofNarratologywrittenbyZhangYalingemphasizedNick’snarrativefunctionandexploredthepointofviewbasedonNickandNick’sidentity(6).AnotherthesisAnAnalysisofTheGreatGatsbyfromthePerspectiveofNarratorCharacterswrittenbyShangGuanhuipointedthatFitzgeraldmadeuseofmultiplenarratorcharactersandNickwasthemainnarratorofstory(7).Thirdly,theyfocusedonheroineDaisygradually.ManyresearchersanalyzedthepersonalityofGatsbybefore,butmoreandmorepeopleincreasinglynoticedtheheroineinthenovelundertheinfluenceoffeminism.AthesisAnAnalysisoftheHeroines’DestinyinTheGreatGatsbyfromFeministPerspectivebyRuanFanganalyzedthefateofheroinethroughfeminism.Fourthly,theyfocusedonthedisillusionmentofAmericanDreamcombinedwithfactorsofhistoryandculture.MaoYannan’sTheBrokenAmericanDream:theCulturalInterpretationofTheGreatGatsbyinterpretedthereasonsfortheorigin，evolutionanddisillusionofAmericanDreamfromtheangleofculture.ThenovelmadepeoplerealizethatGatsby’sfailurewasnotonlyhisownfailurebutalsothefailureoflifegoalanditsvalueshownbyAmericanculture(3).InAugust2005,ZhaoHongweipublishedanarticleDisillusionmentofGatsby’s“AmericanDream”FromthePerspectiveofSociety:Analysisof“TheGreatGatsby”.HeanalyzedtherootofthedisillusionmentofGatsby’s“AmericanDream”andGatsby’stragedydeeply,thenrevealedthedarksocietyandemptyrealityinAmerican(4).2.2.2ResearchesonTheOrdinaryWorldTheOrdinaryWorldwasarepresentativeworkbyLuYao.Atfirst,itwasjustastoryaboutgrowthexperienceofprotagonists.Somanyresearchersmainlyanalyzedthecharacters’personalityandpraisedit,whichhadagoodinfluenceonsociety.WangXidongpublishedapaperTheEternalValueoftheTimes:ReadingLuYao’sTheOrdinaryWorld,inwhichhepointedoutthatthenovelreflectedthevaluesofthetimes.Throughanalyzingcharactersinthepaper,itrepresentedthevaluesofbeinginexorable,beingthankfulandstrivingforknowledge.Itvividlyshowedthedevelopmentofsocietyandpsychologicaljourneyofcharactersaswell.Theauthorofthisbookexperiencedatoughlife,whichwassamelikethecharactersinthenovel,somanyresearchersthoughtwhethertherewasanyconnectionbetweenauthor’sexperienceandnovel.Inaddition,researcherspaidmoreattentiontotheviewofloveandmarriageofheroines.Forexample，injournalCommonwomenuncommonlife：AnalyzingClassicImageofThreeTypesWomeninCommonWorldbyChenLizhenanalyzedthedifferentviewstowardslifeandmarriageofdifferenttypesoffemalecharacters.Inrecentyears,theconcept“theChineseDream”hasbeenputforwardbypresidentXiJinping.SoanumberofresearchersbegantomakearesearchwithChineseDreamandcomparedChineseDreamwithAmericanDream.In2014,TangManinherthesisComparativeStudyofChineseDreamandAmericanDreampointedoutthatthereweregreatdifferencesinthebackground,connotation,culture,valuesandthewaybetweenChinesedreamandAmericandream.Moreover,Americandreamaffordedususefulexperienceandlessons,realizingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenationcanbebeneficial(5).In2015，ChenXiaofangandLiXindeinpaperTheInterpretationofAmericanDreamandChineseDreamfromthePerspectiveofthestructureoffeelingspointedoutthatamaterialisticsociety,onlyifonehadaclearideaofhiscultureascriptionandcombineitwiththenationalideal,thetwolevelsofChineseDreamcanbecompatible,aftercontrastingChineseDreamwithAmericanDream(5).Inaword,therewerealotofliteraturematerialsoftwonovelsrespectively.Nevertheless，researchesoncomparingAmericanDreamandChineseDreamwerenotsomany,especiallyinthesetwoliteratureworks.Therefore,thepaperoftheauthorwillattempttodiscussittomakeitclearaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanDreamandChineseDream.3.ResearchQuestionsThispaperwillcomparetwofamousworkswhichmanifestsAmericanDreamandChineseDream.Inessence,thereisabigdifferencebetweenthemfromtheperspectiveofconceptandconnotation.Soistheliteraryworks.Thispaperwillmakeaclearcomparisonandlayemphasisonhowtheyaredifferent.TheGreatGatsbyreflectsAmericanDreamandTheOrdinaryWorldreflectsChineseDream,thispaperwillexpounditclearly.Buttherearesomequestionstoberesearched.Whatattitudedotheprotagonistholdtowardsloveandmoneyandwhatdifferencesbetweenthem?Whatstepsdotheytaketopursuetheirdream?WhytherearetwodifferentendingsaboutAmericanDreamandChineseDream?WhatthepracticalsignificancecanwelearnfromAmericanDreamtodevelopChineseDreambetter?4.IntendedResearchMethodsQualitativeresearchmethodismainlyusedinthispaper.ThispaperismainlytomakeacomparisonbetweenChinesedreamandAmericandreaminTheGreatGatsbyandTheOrdinaryWorld.Tomakeframeworkclearlyandaccomplishthepaper,theauthorwilldescribethedifferencesbetweenChinesedreamandAmericandreamfromthreeaspects:differentsocialbackground,differentvaluesofcharactersanddifferentendings.Methodofliteraturereviewisalsoused.Themainmethodinthispaperisqualitativemethod,whichisquitedifferentwithquantitativemethod,sothereisanecessitytomakealiteraturereview.Makingaliteraturereviewaboutresearchesathomeandabroadisthefirststeptoprepareforthepaper.Besides,consultingrelevantliteratureisamethodtoknowweaknessofpreviousstudiesandgetthenewestresearchresults.MainContentInrecentyears，ChinahasbeenrisingandChineseDreamhasbecomeahottopic.Inthe20thcentury,theconceptofAmericanDreamalsoappearedintheUnitedStates.Sowhat’sthedifferencesbetweentwodreamsisthekeypointofthispaper.ThispaperwillmakeacomparisonbetweenAmericanDreamandChineseDream,takingTheGreatGatsbyandTheOrdinaryWorldforexample.Itisdividedintofiveparts.First,anintroduction.Second,thesocialbackgroundandconnotationoftwodreamswillbeintroducedrespectively.Third,inthispart,twotypesofvalues,includingtheviewpointofprotagonists’loveandthemeansofrealizingthedreamswillbecompared.Fourth,twodifferentendings.Thereasonsthattheendingoftwodreamsaredifferentwillbeanalyzedandthepracticalsignificancewillbeconcluded.Finally,makingaconclusion.Majorfindings,limitationsandquestionstoberesearchedwillbediscussed.ProposedOutline1.Introduction1.1SignificancefortheTitle1.2LiteratureReview1.3ResearchQuestions1.4ResearchMethodsDifferencesBetweenAmericanDreamandChineseDream2.1AmericanDream2.1.1SocialBackgroundofAmericanDream2.1.2ConnotationofAmericanDream2.2ChineseDream2.2.1SocialBackgroundofChineseDream2.2.2ConnotationofChineseDreamDifferentValuesinTwoNovels

3.1AttitudetowardsLove3.1.1AboutHeroGatsby'sViewsonLoveSunShaoping'sViewsonLove3.1.2AboutHeroineDaisy'sViewsonLoveTianXiaoxia'sViewsonLove3.1.3Conclusion3.2TheMeansofRealizing"Dream"3.2.1DifferentwaysofAchievingSuccessinTheGreatGatsby3.2.2DifferentwaysofAchievingSuccessinTheOrdinaryWorld3.2.3ConclusionTwoDifferentEndingsDisillusionmentofAmericanDreamSupremacyofIndividualandMoneyWorshipDeficiencyinMoralityandSpiritTheRiseofChineseDream4.2.1PraisingforLaborandDreams4.2.2TheEmbodimentofSocialistCoreValues4.3Conclusion

5.Conclusions5.1MajorFindings5.2Limitations5.3QuestionstoBeFurtherResearchedReferencesResearchScheduleThepresentauthorwillbreakupthelargeassignmentintomanageabletasksandblocksandcreatethefollowingresearchschedulesothathecanstayonthetrackoftheresearch:Block1:GettingStartedDate:4July,201715July,2017FindingaTopicofHisInterestandBeginningaResearchJournal.DoingPreliminaryResearch(DiscoveringtheImportantIssuesonItandCheckingItsAppropriatenessforHisResearch).Block2:FocusingHisResearchDate:16July,201731July,2017PosingResearchQuestionsWritingaPurposeStatement.Block3:ConductingResearchDate:1August,201715August,2017FindingSources,bothPrintandElectronic.MakingaWorkingBibliography.OrganizingResearchFindingsBlock4:WorkingwithSourcesDate:16August,201731August,2017EvaluatingSources.ReadingPossibleSourcesandTakingNotes.Block5:OutliningDate:1September,201730February,2018FormulatingaWorkingThesis.CreatingaStructure.WritinganOutline.Block6:DraftingthePaperDate:1March,201831March,2018WritingtheRoughDraft,IntegratingSummaries,Paraphrases,andDirectQuotationsintoHisPaper.PayAttentiontoIn-textCitation.Block7:EvaluatingtheDraftandGettingFeedbackDate:1April,7AprilPuttingtheDraftawayforaDayorTwoDays,butContinuingCollectingUsefulSources.EvaluatingItsLogicandCompleteness.PlanningMoreResearchasNecessarytoFillanyGaps.GettingFeedbackfromHisSupervisor,Classmates,andanyOtherTutors.Block8:RevisingatLeastThreeTimesDate:8April,201830April,2018RevisingtheRoughDraft.PreparingandRevisingtheSecondDraft.PreparingandRevisingtheThirdDraft.Block9:PreparingNotesandReferencesDate:1May,20187May,2018PreparingNotesPageIfNecessary.PreparingReferencesPage.Block10:EditingandPresentingDate:8May,201816May,2018DesigningtheFormatofthePaper.EditingandproofreadingthePaper.PresentingtheFinalManuscript.Bibliography[1]Bewley,Marius.“ScottFitzgerald’sCriticismofAmerican.”TheSewaneeReview.62.2(1954).[2]ChenXiaofangandLiXinde.TheInterpretationofAmericanDreamandChineseDreamfromthePerspectiveofthestructureoffeelings.JournalofChaohuCollege17.5(2015).[3]ChenLizhen.Commonwomenuncommonlife:AnalyzingClassicImageofThreeTypesWomeninCommonWorld.JournalofSuzhouVocationalUniversity16.5(2005).[4]ChenHeng.SymbolisminTheGreatGatsby.MAthesis.WuhanUniversityofTechnology,2006.[5]DongYongyi.LoveTriangleandDisillusionmentof“AmericanDream”:OnF.ScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsby.JournalofHebeiPolytechnicUniversity9.3(2009).[6]Donaldson,Scott.CriticalessaysonF.ScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsby.Boston:G.H.HallandCo,1984.[7]Fitzgerald,FrancisScott.TheGreatGatsby.NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,1925.[8]GuJun.SymbolisminTheGreatGatsby.JournalofKaifenguniversity23.9(2009).[9]GongYouchen.AnalysisoftheSpiritofRealismintheNovelOrdinaryWorld.JournalofHubeiRadioandTelevisionUniversity35.6(2015).[10]Kochan,Sandra.TheGreatGatsbyandtheAmericanDream.Orleans:GRINVerlagGmbH,2007.[11]KangXinhui.AInterpretationofLuYao’sTheOrdinary:AClassicworkDemonstratingSocialistCoreValues.JournalofRadioandTVUniversity179.4(2016).[12]Korenman,JoanS.AnotherLookatDaisyBuchanan.AmericanLiterature,1975.[13]LiuXiao.AnA