2026年IT专业英文阅读IT技术文献阅读理解能力提升试题

2026年IT专业英文阅读IT技术文献阅读理解能力提升试题一、单选题（共10题，每题2分，合计20分）背景：以下题目基于人工智能、云计算和网络安全领域的最新技术文献，考察考生对关键概念和技术发展的理解。题目：1.Accordingtotheexcerpt,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheprimarychallengeofFederatedLearningincross-domaindatascenarios?A)DataprivacyviolationsduetocentralizedaggregationB)InconsistentmodelperformanceacrossdifferentdatasetsC)IncreasedlatencycausedbyfrequentcommunicationbetweenclientsD)Highercomputationalcostsformodeltraining2.Theterm"serverlesscomputing"inthepassageprimarilyrefersto:A)Amodelwhereserversarecompletelyreplacedbycloud-basedservicesB)AsystemwherecomputationtasksaredynamicallyallocatedtomultipleserversC)AframeworkwherethecloudprovidermanagesservermaintenanceautomaticallyD)Acloudarchitecturethateliminatestheneedforon-premisesservers3.Whichofthefollowingcryptographictechniquesismostcommonlyusedtoensuredataintegrityinblockchainsystems?A)Public-keyencryptionB)HashfunctionsC)SymmetrickeyauthenticationD)Zero-knowledgeproofs4.Theconceptof"edgecomputing"isdescribedas:A)AmethodtostoredataexclusivelyonremoteserversB)AstrategytominimizedatatransferbyprocessinglocallyC)AtechniquetooptimizecloudresourceallocationD)Awaytoenhancedatasecuritythroughencryption5.InthecontextofDevOps,theterm"CI/CD"standsfor:A)ContinuousIntegration/ContinuousDeploymentB)CloudIntegration/CloudDeploymentC)ClientIntegration/CloudDeploymentD)ContinuousConfiguration/ContinuousDevelopment6.Theexcerptmentionsthat"quantum-resistantalgorithms"arebeingdevelopedto:A)ImprovethespeedofquantumcomputersB)StrengthentraditionalencryptionmethodsagainstquantumthreatsC)ReducethecomputationalloadonclassicalsystemsD)Enablequantumcryptographyforsecurecommunication7.Thephrase"microservicesarchitecture"ismostcloselyassociatedwith:A)AsinglemonolithicapplicationstructureB)AmodulardesignwhereservicesarelooselycoupledC)Acentralizedserver-basedsystemD)Adistributeddatabasemanagementapproach8.Theexcerptdiscusses"zero-trustsecuritymodels"primarilytohighlight:A)TheneedforstrongerpasswordsincloudenvironmentsB)Theimportanceofleast-privilegeaccesscontrolC)TheeliminationofallnetworksecuritymeasuresD)Theroleoffirewallsinprotectingdata9.Theterm"IoT(InternetofThings)"isdefinedas:A)AnetworkofinterconnectedphysicaldevicesfordatacollectionB)Acloud-basedanalyticsplatformC)AtypeofwirelesscommunicationprotocolD)Acentralizeddatabaseforindustrialapplications10.Theexcerptmentionsthat"low-code/no-codeplatforms"aredesignedto:A)ReducetheneedforsoftwareengineersB)AutomatecomplexsystemdeploymentsC)Simplifyapplicationdevelopmentfornon-technicalusersD)Enhanceserverperformancethroughhardwareoptimization二、多选题（共5题，每题3分，合计15分）背景：以下题目考察考生对技术文献中多个相关概念的理解和区分能力。题目：1.Whichofthefollowingarekeybenefitsof"containerization"incloudcomputing?A)ImprovedresourceutilizationB)EnhancedportabilityacrossenvironmentsC)ReducedneedforvirtualizationD)Increasedcomputationaloverhead2.Theexcerptdiscussesseveralchallengesin"5Gnetworkdeployment,"including:A)HighinfrastructurecostsB)Limitedrangecomparedto4GC)IncreasedlatencyincertainscenariosD)BettersupportforIoTdevices3.Theterm"API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)"isdescribedas:A)AsetofprotocolsforsoftwarecommunicationB)AuserinterfacefordevelopersC)AsecuritymechanismfordatatransferD)Adatabasequerylanguage4.Inthecontextof"machinelearning,"thefollowingarecommonevaluationmetrics:A)AccuracyB)PrecisionC)LatencyD)F1-score5.Theexcerptmentionsthat"blockchaintechnology"canbeappliedto:A)FinancialtransactionsB)SupplychainmanagementC)VotingsystemsD)Centralizeddatabaseadministration三、判断题（共5题，每题2分，合计10分）背景：考察考生对技术文献中陈述的准确性判断能力。题目：1."ArtificialGeneralIntelligence(AGI)isexpectedtosurpasshumancognitiveabilitiesinalldomainsby2030."(True/False)2."DockerisacontainerizationplatformthatrunsontopofKubernetes."(True/False)3."Quantumcryptographyiscurrentlybeingadoptedbymajortechcompaniesforsecurecommunication."(True/False)4."Theriseofedgecomputinghasreducedthedemandforcloudservices."(True/False)5."Zero-trustsecurityassumesthatallnetworktrafficispotentiallymalicious."(True/False)四、填空题（共5题，每题2分，合计10分）背景：考察考生对技术文献中关键术语和概念的掌握程度。题目：1.Theprocessofautomaticallydeployingandscalingapplicationsbasedondemandisknownas_______.2.Ablockchainnetworkwhereallparticipantshaveequaldecision-makingpoweriscalleda_______blockchain.3.Thetechniqueofencryptingdatatwiceusingtwodifferentkeysisreferredtoas_______.4.Thepracticeofintegratingdevelopmentandoperationstostreamlinesoftwaredeliveryisknownas_______.5.Theabilityofasystemtocontinuefunctioningevenifpartofitfailsiscalled_______.五、简答题（共3题，每题5分，合计15分）背景：考察考生对技术文献中复杂概念的理解和总结能力。题目：1.Explainthedifferencebetween"serverlesscomputing"and"microservicesarchitecture."2.Describetheprimarysecuritybenefitsofa"zero-trustsecuritymodel."3.Howdoes"FederatedLearning"addressthechallengeofdataprivacyinmachinelearning?六、论述题（1题，10分）背景：考察考生对技术趋势的分析和批判性思维能力。题目：Discussthepotentialimpactof"edgecomputing"onthefutureofcloudservicesandIoTdeployments.答案与解析一、单选题答案与解析1.B-解析：FederatedLearning在跨域数据场景中的主要挑战是模型性能因数据分布差异而波动，而非A（隐私问题）、C（通信延迟）或D（计算成本）。2.C-解析：ServerlessComputing的核心是云服务自动管理服务器维护，无需用户手动配置，故C正确。3.B-解析：Hash函数（如SHA-256）用于确保数据完整性，A（公钥加密）用于安全传输，C（对称密钥认证）用于身份验证，D（零知识证明）用于隐私保护。4.B-解析：EdgeComputing通过本地处理减少数据传输，而非A（远程存储）、C（云资源优化）或D（加密增强）。5.A-解析：CI/CD是DevOps中的标准术语，代表ContinuousIntegration/ContinuousDeployment。6.B-解析：量子抗性算法旨在抵御量子计算机的破解威胁，而非A（量子计算加速）、C（降低经典系统负载）或D（量子加密）。7.B-解析：MicroservicesArchitecture是一种松耦合的模块化设计，而非A（单体应用）、C（集中式服务器）或D（分布式数据库）。8.B-解析：Zero-trust强调最小权限访问控制，而非A（强密码）、C（消除安全措施）或D（防火墙作用）。9.A-解析：IoT指物理设备通过互联网互联收集数据，而非B（云平台）、C（无线协议）或D（工业数据库）。10.C-解析：Low-code/no-code平台简化开发流程，面向非技术人员，而非A（减少工程师）、B（自动化部署）或D（硬件优化）。二、多选题答案与解析1.A,B-解析：Containerization提升资源利用率并增强可移植性，但C（减少虚拟化需求）错误，D（增加计算开销）不符。2.A,C-解析：5G部署挑战包括高成本和某些场景下高延迟，B（范围不如4G）不准确，D（IoT支持）是优势。3.A,D-解析：API是软件通信协议（A），非用户界面（B）、非安全机制（C），D（数据库查询语言）错误。4.A,B,D-解析：机器学习评估指标包括准确率（A）、精确率（B）和F1分数（D），C（延迟）非评估指标。5.A,B,C-解析：区块链可应用于金融、供应链和投票，D（集中式数据库管理）不符。三、判断题答案与解析1.False-解析：AGI尚未实现，2030目标过于乐观。2.False-解析：Docker是独立平台，Kubernetes是容器编排工具。3.False-解析：量子加密仍处于研究阶段，未大规模应用。4.False-解析：EdgeCompu