Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句关系副词课件-2022-2023学年高中英语（人教版2019必修第一册）

TheboywhowearsglassesisHarryPorter.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why先行词关系词定语从句++定语从句的构成指代先行词连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分SheistheteacherthatIneverforget.Istillrememberthedayswhen(weswamtogetherintheriver.)关系副词的作用如下：（1）指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；（2）在从句中充当句子成分-状语；（3）起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来先行词关系副词定语从句语法点拨一、关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,where,why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语1．when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。Istillrememberthedays（whenweswamtogetherintheriver.）Doyouknowthedate（whentheygotmarried?）2．where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。Doyoustillrememberthewoods（wherewefirstmet?）Pleasekeepyourthingsinaplace（

whereyoucanfindthemeasily.）特别提示：并非所有的表示“地点”和“时间”的先行词，后面的定语从句一定要用where和when引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，就要用that或which引导。Thisisthehouse（that／whichmyfatherbuiltlastyear.）（关系词在定语从句中作宾语，不用where）Doyoustillrememberthedays（that/whichwespentinthecountryside？）（关系词在定语从句中作宾语，不用when）3．why的用法why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。Isthisthereason（whyyourefusedme?）Shecamearoundtoexplainthereason（whyshewasabsentfromthemeeting.）注意：如果reason不是定语从句中事件发生的原因，而是充当了定语从句中谓语动词的主语或宾语，这时，要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，不用why。Iwon‘tlistentothereason（that/whichyouhavegivenus.）我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。（that，which在定语从句中作宾语）4．theway作先行词首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。(1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which。Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftosolvetheproblem）wasnotpractical.(2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词inwhich，that或省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich//)helearnsEnglish.这就是他学习英语的方法。二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句时，关系副词也可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不可用that或who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。“介词+which／whom”是定语从句中常见的语言现象，也是同学们不易掌握的一个语法项目，问题的关键是这个“介词”较难确定1．“介词＋whih”可以替代关系副词when，where，why（1）替代whenI'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)mysonwasborn.（on依据ontheday确定）Theyearinwhich(=when)theearthquakehappenedwas2008．（in依据intheyear确定）（2）替代whereThisisthefarmonwhich(=where)Iusedtowork.（on依据onthefarm确定）Heforgottheexactplace

inwhich(=where)hehadhiddenthejewelry.（in依据intheplace确定）（3）替代whyI'dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(=why)yourefusedmyoffer.（for依据forthereason确定）2．依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.（during依据duringthetime确定）Iwillofferyouabetterwayinwhichyoucandothejob.（in依据inabetterway确定）3．依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词Sheboughtseveralbooks，onwhichshespentallhermoney.（on依据spend...on确定）Itistheprice

ofwhichIamnotsure.（of依据besureof确定）4．根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词Canyouseetheriveracrosswhichthereisabridge?有些“动词＋介词”被视为一个固定的词组，不可分割。这时不能把介词置于关系代词前，如listento，lookat,lookfor,lookafter,carefor,hearfrom,sendfor等。ThisistherightbookforwhichI＇mlooking.（误）Thisistherightbook

（that）I＇mlookingfor.（正）依据用法根据从句的谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词根据关系词在从句语中所作的成分若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词三、关系代词和关系副词的选用第一组Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.（visit是及物动词，关系代词在从句中作宾语）Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.（work是不及物动词，关系副词在从句中作地点状语）第二组Isthisthemuseumthat／whichwasbuiltlastyear？（关系代词在从句中作主语）Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?（关系副词在从句中作地点状语）第三组Isthisthereason(that/which)heexplainedforbeinglate?（关系代词在从句中作宾语）Isthisthereason

whyhewaslateforclass？（关系副词在从句中作原因状语）第四组Thisisthehousewheremygrandfatherlived.（关系副词在从句中作地点状语）Thisisthehouse(that/which)mygrandfatherlivedin.（关系代词在从句中作介词宾语）Thisisthehouse（that／which）mygrandfatherbuilt.（关系代词在从句中作及物动词的宾语）Thisisthehousethat/whichwasbuiltbymygrandfather.（关系代词在从句中作主语）“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”结构比如：none/some/several/afew/many/more/most/two/thebiggestofwhich/whom等。Thejourneyaroundtheworldwouldtakethesailorninemonths,thesailingtimeofwhich(＝ofwhichthesailingtime)was226days.环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。用“介词＋关系代词”填空①Guncontrolisasubject__________________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.解析：先行词是subject，指物，argue为不及物动词，关系词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句的动词构成搭配argueover/aboutsth。over/aboutwhich

②Wemustworkevenharderduringthecomingwinterholidayandneverforgetthatwearepartoftheschool___________thenameisGuangmingSeniorHighSchool.解析：ofwhichthename＝thenameofwhich＝whosename。故用ofwhich。③Inourclassthereare46students,__________halfwearglasses.解析：定语从句的主语可还原为halfofthestudents。因而使用ofwhom。ofwhich

ofwhom

④Thepen_____________heiswritingismine.解析：根据搭配writewiththepen可知。应使用withwhich。⑤Heboughtabookyesterday,thewriter___________isateacher.解析：book是先行词，指物，还原到定语从句中为thewriterofthebook。故用ofwhich。⑥Idon’tthinkthenumberofthepeople__________thishappensisverylarge.解析：people是先行词，指人，还原到定语从句中为thishappenstothepeople。故用towhom。withwhich

ofwhich

towhom

⑦Inthestreet,therewasn’tasingleperson__________shecouldturnforhelp.解析：person是先行词，还原到定语从句中为shecouldturntothepersonforhelp。turntosbforhelp是固定搭配，意为“求助于某人”。关系代词whom指代person。⑧Theway___________MissLiuteachesEnglishisquitedifferentfromMissZhao’s.解析：way是先行词，还原到定语从句中作状语，关系词有三种情况：that/inwhich/不填。towhom

inwhich

专项练习Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或副词填空1．Self－drivingisanarea_________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.2．Doyoulikethebook____________shepaid$10?3．Doyoulikethe