中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件专题六介词

专题六介词介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,特别是一些常用介词,它们的搭配力特别强,可用来表示多种不同的意思。在这一专题中,主要复习最常用的介词的含义及它们用法上的区别。一、表示时间的介词表示时间的介词有at、on、in、during、for、since、before、after、until(till)等。1.at表示

“在具体的时刻、用餐、节日或年龄”。例如:at8:00、atnight、atlunchtime、atChristmas、attheageof15等。2.on表示

“在具体的某一天、节假日或特定某一天的上午、下午或晚上”。例如:onSunday、onJune1st、onNewYear’sDay、onSaturdaymorning、ontheeveningofSeptember10th等。3.in表示

“在比一天长的时间里(如:在某月、某季节、某年、某学期、某世纪等)或泛指在上午、下午或晚上”。例如:inOctober、inspring、in2018、inthe21stcentury、inafewdays、inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。4.during表示

“在……期间”,指

“在某一段特定的时间之内”。例如:duringthesummerholidays、duringthose20days等。5.for表示“持续”,since表示“自……以来”,常用于现在完成时中。for后接一个时间段,since后接一个时间点(或指时间的分界线)或表示时间点的时间状语从句。例如:Ihavetaughtinthisschoolforsevenyears.我在这所学校教了七年书。Ihavetaughtinthisschoolsince1996.我从1996年起就在这所学校教书了。6.before表示

“在……之前”,after表示

“在……之后”,用于表示一个事件或时间点相对于另外一个事件或时间点的先后顺序。例如:Pleasemakesureyouarrivebefore8o’clock.请务必在八点前到达。Hewillcallyouafterthemeeting.会议结束后他会给你打电话的。7.until/till表示

“到……时;直到……为止”。例如:IwillstayhereuntilFriday.我会一直待在这里,直到星期五。二、表示地点、方位的介词表示地点、方位的介词有at、in、by、on、to、towards、across、through、over、infrontof、behind、under、near、inside、outside、beside、between、among、above、below等。1.across与through的区别。(1)across意为

“横过,穿过”,指从物体表面的

“一边到另一边”。例如:Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillseethehotel.过了桥你就可以见到那家宾馆。(指从桥面过去)(2)through意为

“穿过,透过”,指从某一物体或空间内部通过。例如:Themoonshoneinthroughthewindow.月光从窗户照进来。要特别注意across与cross的区别:across是介词,而cross是动词。2.between与among的区别。between指

“在……(两者)之间”,among指

“在……(三者或三者以上)之间”。三、表示方式、手段或原因的介词表示方式、手段或原因的介词有in、with、by、on、for等。1.in的用法。(1)表示

“使用某种语言”。例如:WetalkinEnglish.我们用英语交谈。(2)表示

“用某种方式、方法”。例如:inthisway用这种方法indifferentways用不同的方式(3)“in+服装/颜色”表示

“穿着什么衣服/颜色的衣服”。例如:ThegirlinaredskirtisKate.穿红色裙子的那个女孩是凯特。2.with常用来表示借助某一具体的工具、材料或身体部位做某事。例如:Tomisdrawingwithapen.汤姆正在用钢笔画画。Withthemoney,Edisonboughtthingsforhislab.有了钱,爱迪生为他的实验室添置了东西。Weseewithoureyesandhearwithourears.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。3.by通常表示借助某种交通、通信工具,用某种手段或方式达到某一目的,如bybus/bike/plane(air)/ship(sea)、byphone。例如:Theoldmanhastomakemoneybymendingbikes.那个老人不得不靠修自行车挣钱。4.on与foot连用表示

“步行”。例如:Wecameonfoot.我们是走路来的。另外,on/in也可与某一交通工具连用,意为

“乘……”,但这些交通工具前必须有不定冠词或物主代词等。例如:LiuTaogoestoschoolona/hisbike.刘涛骑自行车去上学。四、一些常用介词(短语)的辨析见下表:序号介词(短语)辨析例句1in“在(说话时的一段时间)之后”,用于一般将来时He

will

return

home

in

two

days.

Jim

said

that

he

would

go

to

the

park

in

three

hours.

“在(一段时间)以内”This

kind

of

building

can

be

built

in

one

month.

after“在(过去一段时间)以后”,用于一般过去时The

teacher

left

the

school

after

two

hours.

“在(具体时间点)之后”,用于一般将来时I

will

go

home

after

5:00

in

the

afternoon.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句2on“在……(表面)上”,含有接触的意思There

is

a

book

on

the

table.

over“在……正上方”,反义词是underThere’s

a

bridge

over

the

river.

“覆盖在……上面”There’s

a

piece

of

cloth

over

the

table.

above(泛指)“在……的上方”,反义词是belowPlease

put

the

picture

above

the

fireplace.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句3between“在……(两者)之间”Kate

sits

between

Lucy

and

Lily.

among“在……(三者或三者以上)之间”He

was

the

last

one

to

leave

among

all

the

students.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句4with“用(具体的事物)”Please

draw

the

picture

with

a

pencil.

in“用(语言或材料)”Please

write

a

letter

in

English.

by“用(某种方式)”Lin

Feng

made

the

baby

stop

crying

by

jumping

like

a

monkey.

“乘(交通工具)”I

often

go

to

work

by

bus.

on“以(某种方式)”Chinese

people

live

on

rice.

I

often

go

to

school

on

foot.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句5under“在……正下方”There’s

a

ball

under

the

table.

“在……(的关怀)下”Children

have

grown

up

under

the

Party’s

care.

with“在……(帮助下)”With

his

help,

I

finished

the

work

after

two

days.

in“在……(阳光)下”Don’t

read

in

the

sun,

please.

6in“在……里面”,表示状态There

is

a

book

in

the

bag.

into“往/到……里面”,表示动作I

saw

him

putting

a

book

into

the

bag.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句7on“在……上面”,表示状态There

are

some

apples

on

the

table.

onto“往/到……上面”,表示动作The

boy

jumped

onto

the

horse.

8after“在……之后”,

指时间和顺序I

came

to

see

Uncle

Wang

after

two

days.

Summer

comes

after

spring.

behind“在……后面”,表示位置Betty

sits

behind

Linda.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句9on表示学术性、论述性的

“关于”

Have

you

got

any

books

on

science?about表示涉猎性的

“关于”

The

students

were

talking

about

the

film.

10near“在……附近”There

is

a

bus

stop

near

the

hospital.

at“在……旁边”,多指有意识的活动Mr.Read

is

sitting

at

the

table.

by“在……近旁”,比near表示的距离近Let’s

sit

at

the

table

by

the

window.

beside“在……旁边”,表示紧挨着Peter

was

standing

beside

his

father.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句11like“像……一样”,强调相似性Lucy

looks

like

her

father.

as“像,如同”,强调比较Tom

is

as

old

as

you.

“作为,当作”English

is

used

by

many

people

as

a

second

language.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句12to“到,往”,强调目的地,多用于come、go、return、move等动词后After

five

years

the

Greens

moved

to

London.

towards“朝,向”,表示方向,含有没有到达之意The

Great

Green

Wall

will

stop

the

wind

moving

towards

the

farmland.

for“去,往”,表示方向,多用于leave、start等动词后When

will

you

leave

for

Beijing?序号介词(短语)辨析例句13of“……的”,表示所属关系This

is

a

map

of

China.

to“……的”,表示对于、通向Please

give

me

the

answer

to

this

question.

for“……的”,表示用途I

want

to

buy

two

tickets

for

the

film.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句14of

sb.

“对于(某人)”,用于

“It

is+adj.

+of

sb.

to

do

sth.”句型中,形容词为clever、kind、nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系It’s

kind

of

you

to

help

me

with

my

homework.

for

sb.

“对于(某人)”,用于

“It

is+adj.

+for

sb.

to

do

sth.”句型中,形容词为easy、hard、difficult、interesting、important等表示事物的特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系It’s

important

for

us

to

learn

English

well.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句15besides“除……以外”,表示包括其后的成分All

of

the

students

in

Class

2

went

to

the

park

besides

Li

Lei.

Now

he

is

talking

about

it.

except“除……以外”,表示不包括其后的成分All

of

the

students

in

Class

2

went

to

the

park

except

Li

Lei.

He

had

to

look

after

his

sister.

but“除……以外”,常用于不定代词之后There

is

nothing

but

a

card

in

the

box.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句16before“在……以前”,表示时间Please

finish

your

homework

before

Tuesday.

“在……前面”,表示位置、顺序Spring

comes

before

summer.

in

front

of“在……(外部的)前面”,表示位置There

are

some

trees

in

front

of

the

classroom.

in/at

the

front

of“在……(内部的)前面”,表示位置There

is

a

blackboard

in

the

front

of

the

classroom.

序号介词(短语)辨析例句17in+方向名词“在……部”,指内部方位Shanghai

is

in

the

east

of

China.

on+方向名词“在……边”,指相邻方位Canada

is

on

the

north

of

America.

to+方向名词“在……面”,指分离方位Japan

is

to

the

east

of

China.

【例1】(

)Lateron,whileMomwasmakingdumplings,Lilywouldhelpcutvegetables

asmallknife.

A.by B.for C.with(2025·广东中考)【解析】句意:后来,妈妈在包饺子时,莉莉会用一把小刀帮忙切蔬菜。by意为

“用(某种方式)”;for意为

“为了”,表目的;with意为

“用(具体的事物)”。此处指莉莉使用小刀切蔬菜,表示使用工具时,英语中常用介词with。故选C。【例2】(

)Theyhadatasteofwhatitwasliketotravel

space.

A.on B.in C.for(2023·广东中考)【解析】句意:他们体验了在太空中旅行是什么感觉。on意为

“在……上面”;in意为

“在……里面”;for意为

“去,往”,表示方向。in

space意为

“在太空中”,是固定搭配。此处指在太空中旅行,表示在某个空间内时,英语中常用介词用in。故选B。【例3】(

)WangYiyiisanexcellentBeijingOpera(京剧)artist.Shewasbornandraised

avillageinHebeiprovince.

A.in B.for C.with(2022·广东中考)【解析】句意:王一一是一名优秀的京剧艺术家。她出生在河北省的一个村庄,并在那里长大。in意为

“在……里”;for意为

“为了”,表示目的;with意为

“和”,表示伴随。此处指王一一在河北的一个村庄出生长大,表示地点时,用介词in。故选A。【例4】(

)Thebridgeruns

twomountains.

A.at B.under C.among D.between(2021·广东中考)【解析】句意:这座桥在两座山之间延伸。at意为

“在”(表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间);under意为

“在下方”;among意为

“在三者或三者以上之间”;between意为

“在两者之间”。表示

“在两者之间”时,用between。故选D。(

)1.—We’regraduatingsoon.Weshouldsay“Thanks”toourteachers.—Ithinkso.Wehavemadegreatprogress

theteachers’help.

A.with B.through C.underA(

)2.Wecangotoschool

biketomakeourcitygreener.

A.by B.on C.in(

)3.—Didyouhavefunwatchingthevolleyballgame?—No.Atallmanstood

me.Icouldn’tseetheplayersatall.

A.nextto B.acrossfrom C.infrontofAC(

)4.—Whatdoyouoftendo

rainydays?

—Ioftendrawsomepictures.A.in B.at C.on(

)5.

theSpringFestival,lanternscanbeseenalmosteverywhereinmyhometown.

A.Above B.Between C.DuringCC一、语法选择请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Oneday,MomandIfoundanest(鸟巢)

outside

our

house.

The

nest

was

about

to

fall,

so

Mom

supported

it

1

an

umbrella.

We

hoped

it

would

be

stable(稳固的)

again.

All

of

a

sudden,

the

nest

2

down.

I

rushed

up

to

catch

it

3

found

that

inside

the

nest,

there

was

a

baby

bird.

One

of

the

bird’s

legs

4

in

a

vine(藤).

And

the

bird

was

trying

to

get

away

from

it.

Without

a

second

thought,

Mom

and

I

decided

to

help

the

poor

bird.

We

used

5

to

cut

off

the

vine

and

the

baby

bird

got

free.

(

)1.A.of B.with C.for(

)2.A.falls B.fell C.willfall(

)3.A.but B.or C.and(

)4.A.wascaught B.iscaught C.catches(

)5.A.scissor B.scissors’ C.scissorsBBCACAfter

doing

all

those

things,

we

wondered

6

the

baby

bird

belonged

to

animals

under

protection.

So

we

began

7

for

information

about

the

bird

online.

Half

8

hour

later,

we

finally

found

out

that

it

really

was.

I

called

the

animal

protection

team

for

help.

As

soon

as

they

arrived,

they

took

a

9

look

at

the

bird

and

found

it

was

hurt.

Then

they

treated

the

bird

with

some

medicine.

After

that,

they

put

the

nest

back,

fixed

it,

and

left.

(

)6.A.that B.which C.whether(

)7.A.tosearch B.search C.searched(

)8.A.a B.an C.the(

)9.A.care B.caring C.carefulCABCOn

the

second

day,

I

got

up

very

10

to

check

on

the

bird.

I

saw

the

baby

bird

and

its

parents.

The

baby

bird

was

in

good

condition

and

it

was

lively!

(

)10.A.early B.earlier C.earliestA二、短文填空请从方框内选择适当的词并用其