中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件专题十一非谓语动词

专题十一非谓语动词

非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式,主要包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。这类动词形式兼具动词、名词、形容词和副词的特征,但核心特点是在句中不能充当谓语。需要注意的是,在中考的考查范围内,对非谓语动词的要求仅聚焦于动词不定式这一种形式。

动词不定式由

“to+动词原形”构成,有时可以不带to,其否定形式由

“notto+动词原形”构成。“for/of+名词/代词+不定式”,即

“for/ofsb.todosth.”构成不定式的复合结构。

动词不定式无人称和数的变化,在句中不可作谓语,但它仍保留动词的特点,有语态的变化,可以和自己的宾语、状语构成动词不定式短语。1.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特性,可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。见下表:功能结构特点例句主语常用it作形式主语,

动词不定式作真正的主语,

放在句子的后面。基本结构:

It

be+adj.

(+for/of

sb.)+to

do

sth.It

is

relaxing

to

listen

to

music.

常用结构:It

takes

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.It

takes

me

about

2

hours

to

finish

the

work.

功能结构特点例句宾语用在及物动词之后We

want

to

have

a

good

rest.

常用it作形式宾语,

动词不定式作真正的宾语,

放在句子的后面。基本结构:

主语+谓语+it+adj.

+to

do

sth.I

think

it

important

to

learn

from

mistakes.

I

find

it

difficult

to

learn

maths

well.

宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明They

asked

us

to

play

football

with

them.

功能结构特点例句表语用在系动词之后My

only

will

is

to

do

what

is

best

for

you.

定语不定式作定语时要后置,

表示将要发生的动作,

被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语,

若为逻辑宾语,

则不定式动词应是及物动词I

want

to

be

the

first

one

to

get

to

the

top

of

the

mountain.

They

have

nothing

to

eat.

功能结构特点例句状语表示目的I

went

to

the

bookshop

to

buy

a

dictionary.

表示原因I’m

very

happy

to

hear

from

you.

表示结果The

T-shirt

is

too

big

for

me

to

wear.

表示程度She

is

old

enough

to

go

to

school.

说明为避免重复使用动词,

常用小品词to代替不定式短语。例如:—Would

you

like

to

go

swimming?—Yes,

I’d

love

to.

2.接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词有begin、start、want、decide、fail、hope、wish、learn、love、like等。3.接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有ask、tell、want、invite、teach、advise等。4.动词不定式省略to的动词:(1)感官动词see、notice、watch、hear、feel等;(2)使役动词let、make、have等;(3)在help之后,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。5.“疑问词+动词不定式”(疑问词why没有此用法,不定式的逻辑主语常为句中主语)构成的不定式短语在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。例如:

Wheretogohasnotbeendecidedyet.(作主语)还没决定去哪里。

Idon’tknowhowtomakeamilkshake.(作宾语)我不知道怎样制作奶昔。

【例1】(

)Afterfinishingcollege,shedecided

inarestaurant.

A.work B.working C.towork(2025·广东中考)【解析】本题考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:大学毕业后,她决定在一家餐馆工作。decide

to

do

sth.是固定搭配,意为

“决定做某事”。故选C。【例2】(

)Whenhehassavedenoughmoney,Petergoestothebookstores

greatbooksanddonatesthemtochildreninneed.

A.buy B.tobuy C.bought(2024·广东中考)【解析】本题考查动词不定式作状语。句意:彼得存了足够的钱,就去书店买好书,并把它们捐给有需要的孩子。设空处在句中表示目的,应用动词不定式。故选B。【例3】(

)Oneday,theteachertoldher

atest.

A.take B.totake C.taking(2022·广东中考)【解析】本题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。句意:有一天,老师让她参加一个考试。tell

sb.

to

do

sth.是固定搭配,意为

“让某人做某事”。故选B。(

)1.CindywillgototheEnglishcorner

herEnglishthisSaturdayafternoon.

A.topractice B.practicing C.practiced(

)2.—Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?—Iplan

mycousininGuangzhou.

A.visiting B.tovisit C.visitedAB(

)3.Mr.Leeishumorousandheoftentellsfunnyjokestomakeus_________.A.tolaugh B.laugh C.laughed(

)4.It’snecessaryforstudents

enoughsleepeveryday.

A.having B.have C.tohave(

)5.Ourheadmasterwillinviteascientist

usaspeechonspacetechnology.

A.given B.giving C.togiveBCC

一、语法选择

请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。It

was

a

beautiful

spring

day

in

a

forest

in

ancient

China.

High

up

in

a

tree,

a

mother

bird

was

watching

1

six

baby

birds

come

out

of

the

eggs

lovingly.

Five

of

them

were

strong.

They

chirped(吱喳叫)

loudly.

But

2

last

one

that

came

out

was

not

strong

at

all.

This

little

one

3

Little

Six.

He

was

weak

and

quiet.

He

was

not

fast

enough

4

the

worms

(虫子)

Mama

Bird

brought

back.

Little

Six

ate

little

food,

so

he

was

always

hungry.

And

he

didn’t

like

that.

(

)1.A.she

B.her

C.hers(

)2.A.a B.an C.the(

)3.A.called B.wascalling C.wascalled(

)4.A.get B.getting C.togetBCCCLittle

Six

didn’t

have

a

strong

body,

but

he

had

a

strong

will.

He

decided

5

he

would

get

stronger.

He

would

do

exercises

and

flap

(拍打)

his

wings

every

day.

Every

morning,

Little

Six

would

rise

6

the

sun

came

up.

When

his

brothers

and

sisters

woke,

Little

Six

had

already

finished

all

his

exercises.

Morning

after

morning,

he

practiced

flapping

his

wings,

and

they

were

getting

stronger

and

stronger.

He

was

able

to

get

the

first

worms

Mama

brought

back

home.

(

)5.A.what B.why C.that(

)6.A.before B.after C.untilCBAll

through

the

spring,

Little

Six

woke

up

7

than

his

brothers

and

sisters.

Week

after

week,

he

worked

harder

than

they

did.

He

could

eat

big

meals

and

did

not

go

hungry

any

more.

After

a

couple

of

months,

all

the

baby

birds

had

grown

well.

Mama

Bird

8

them

to

fly.

9

everyone’s

surprise,

Little

Six

was

the

first

to

start

flying!

“Chirp!

Chirp!

Look

at

me!”Little

Six

cried

10

while

his

brothers

and

sisters

still

fought

hard,

trying

to

fly

up.

(

)7.A.early B.earlier C.theearliest(

)8.A.teaches B.taught C.willteach(

)9.A.To B.In C.At(

)10.A.happy B.happily C.happinessBBBB

二、短文填空

请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。for

why

include

how

they

traditionby

learn

online but

team

danceThe

Yingge

dance,

or“dance

to

the

hero’s

song”,

is

a

form

of

folk

dance

popular

in

Guangdong

Province.

As

one

of

China’s

first

national

intangible

cultural

heritages

(非物质文化遗产),

the

performance

1.

opera,

dance,

and

Chinese

kung

fu.

Dating

back

to

the

Ming

Dynasty,

the

dance

is

often

performed

during

2.

.

Chinese

festivals.

includestraditionalRecently,

the

Yingge

dance

has

become

popular

3.

,

with

videos

getting

millions

of

views.

4.

from

Shantou

even

performed

abroad

during

the

Spring

Festival.

The

5.

is

closely

connected

to

Water

Margin,

one

of

the

four

great

Chinese

novels.

A

group

of

36

dancers

perform

together,

standing

6.

the

novel’s

36

heroes.

onlineTeamsdanceforToday,

the

dance

is

changing.

In

the

past,

only

men

danced

Yingge,

7.