雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《石油科技翻译（西南石油）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Whatisanothertermforpetroleum?ANaturalGasBCrudeOilCCoalDKerosene第2题

Whichofthefollowingareproductsderivedfrompetroleum?ANapthaBCharcoalCTarDWood正确答案：AC第3题Petroleumwasusedforwarfareinancienttimes.第4题

Whatistheprimarycomponentofpetroleum?AHydrocarbonsBOxygenC

NitrogenDWater第5题

Whichofthefollowingareconsideredashydrocarbons?AOil

BGasCSalt

DSand正确答案：AB第6题Thecombustionofpetroleumproductsisamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.第7题

Whatistheprevailingtheoryoftheoriginofpetroleum?A

InorganicTheory

B

OrganicTheoryC

ChemicalTheoryDGeologicalTheory第8题

Whichofthefollowingarenecessaryconditionsforthegenerationofpetroleum?AGeologicalrequirementB

Highhumidity

COxygen-freeconditionDTemperatureandpressure正确答案：ACD第9题Petroleumisconsideredarenewableenergysource.第10题

TheorganictheorysuggeststhatpetroleumisformedfromtheEarth'score.第11题

Atwhataveragetemperaturedoesoilgenerationinasedimentarybasinstart?A50°CB

75°CC100°CD150°C第12题

Whichofthefollowingareprinciplesforprimarypetroleummigration?AThermalexpansionB

PorosityandpermeabilityC

Pressure

DPropertiesoffluid正确答案：ABCD第13题

Whichofthefollowingarehistoricalusesofpetroleum?AWarfareB

Fires

C

MedicinalpurposesDFoodpreservation正确答案：AB第1题Whatisanothertermforpetroleum?ANaturalGasBCrudeOilCCoalDKerosene第2题

Whichofthefollowingareproductsderivedfrompetroleum?ANapthaBCharcoalCTarDWood正确答案：AC第3题Petroleumwasusedforwarfareinancienttimes.第4题

Whatistheprimarycomponentofpetroleum?AHydrocarbonsBOxygenC

NitrogenDWater第5题

Whichofthefollowingareconsideredashydrocarbons?AOil

BGasCSalt

DSand正确答案：AB第6题Thecombustionofpetroleumproductsisamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.第7题

Whatistheprevailingtheoryoftheoriginofpetroleum?A

InorganicTheory

B

OrganicTheoryC

ChemicalTheoryDGeologicalTheory第8题

Whichofthefollowingarenecessaryconditionsforthegenerationofpetroleum?AGeologicalrequirementB

Highhumidity

COxygen-freeconditionDTemperatureandpressure正确答案：ACD第9题Petroleumisconsideredarenewableenergysource.第10题

TheorganictheorysuggeststhatpetroleumisformedfromtheEarth'score.第11题

Atwhataveragetemperaturedoesoilgenerationinasedimentarybasinstart?A50°CB

75°CC100°CD150°C第12题

Whichofthefollowingareprinciplesforprimarypetroleummigration?AThermalexpansionB

PorosityandpermeabilityC

Pressure

DPropertiesoffluid正确答案：ABCD第13题

Whichofthefollowingarehistoricalusesofpetroleum?AWarfareB

Fires

C

MedicinalpurposesDFoodpreservation正确答案：AB第三章习题第1题Whatistheprimarypurposeofanexploratorywell,alsoknownasa"wildcat"?A

Toconfirmthepresenceofoilorgas

B

ToextractgroundwaterCToinjectfluidsintoareservoirD

Forseismicmeasurements第2题Whichofthefollowingarestepsinvolvedinthedrillingprocess?ADrillingahead

B

CleanholeCMakeupajointDRoundtrip正确答案：ABCD第3题Theoddsofanewwellbeingdryaresixoutofeveryseven.第4题Whatisthemaindifferencebetweencable-tooldrillingandrotarydrilling?ADepthofdrillingBTypeofrockbrokenCUseofwater

DMethodofbitmovement第5题Whichofthefollowingaremethodsusedinwelllogging?ASonicloggingB

Gamma-rayloggingCNeutronlogging

DElectriclogging正确答案：ABC第6题Coresarelarge,continuouscylindricalrocksamplesobtainedfromdrilling.第7题Whatistheprimaryfunctionofcuttingsrecoveredduringthedrillingprocess?AToextractoil

B

ToanalyzerockpropertiesCTomeasuredrillingdepthD

Tomonitordrillingprogress第8题Whichofthefollowingareconsideredasdrillingandcementationprocedures?ADrillingahead

B

CleanholeC

Cementation

D

Coreextraction正确答案：ABC第9题Thepresenceofoilorgasinawellcanbeconfirmedbeforeitisdrilled.第10题

Whatisthehistoricalsignificanceofmanualdrillingmethods?ASpeedB

PrecisionCSafetyD

Historicalapplication第11题Whichofthefollowingaredisadvantagesofmanualdrillingmethods?ASlowspeeBLongoperationperiodC

Easywellborecollapse

DHighaccuracy正确答案：ABC第12题

Mechanicalpercussiondrillingwasusedforthefirstrealoilwellin1859.第13题

Whatisthemainpurposeofcementationinthedrillingprocess?AToextractoil

BTopreventboreholecollapse

CToanalyzerocksamplesDTomeasuredepth第五章习题第1题Whatistheprimaryimportanceofscientificandtechnicaltranslation?AA.TransmittingknowledgeandideasBB.EnhancingthespreadingofscienceandtechnologyCC.PromotingthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyDD.Alloftheabove第2题WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofpetroleumtexts?AA.SpecializationBB.FormalizationCC.HumanizationDD.Passivity第3题WhoisknownforhissignificantcontributiontothetranslationofBuddhistscriptures?AA.MatteoRicciBB.XuanzangCC.JohannAdamSchallvonBellDD.FerdinandVerbiest第4题WhatisthetermusedtodescribetheofficialorganizationoftranslationestablishedduringthehistoryofBuddhistscripturestranslation?AA.译场BB.京师同文馆CC.JiangnanArsenalDD.SchoolofCombinedLearning第5题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfordealingwithnominalizationsinEnglishtoChinesetranslation?AA.ConversionBB.AmplificationCC.BothAandBDD.NeitherAnorB第6题Intranslatingpetroleumtexts,whichtypeofclauseisoftenmoreflexibleinEnglishthaninChinese?AA.NounclauseBB.AdjectiveclauseCC.AdverbialclauseDD.Conditionalclause第7题Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheprocessofforminganounornounphrasefromaclauseorverb?AA.NominalizationBB.ConversionCC.AmplificationDD.Transposition第8题Whichofthefollowingisarecommendedapproachtoavoid"translationese"whentranslating?AA.RetainingthepassivevoicerigidlyBB.ChangingthepassivevoicetoactivevoicewhenpossibleCC.DroppingthepassivevoicemarkerandjustkeepingthemeaningDD.BothBandC第9题WhatisthetermusedtodescribethedifferencebetweenEnglishandChinesesentencesintermsoforganization?AA.Intentionalityvs.Non-intentionalityBB.Parataxisvs.HypotaxisCC.Simplicityvs.ComplexityDD.Directnessvs.Indirectness第10题Whatarethethreemajoraspectsthatmakeagoodtranslatorforscientificandtechnicaltexts?AA.LinguisticandculturalcompetencesBB.TranslationcompetencesCC.ProfessionalknowledgeDD.Alloftheabove第11题Whichtermisusedtodescribeapersonwhospendsalotoftimeonthecouchwatchingtelevision?AA.WorkaholicBB.CouchpotatoCC.HomebodyDD.Daydreamer第12题Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheapplicationoftranslationmethodsandskillstorenderaversionasfaithfulandexpressiveaspossible?AA.ConversionBB.TranspositionCC.EquivalenceDD.Adaptation第13题Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheprocessofchangingapassivevoicesentencetoanactivevoicesentenceintranslation?AA.ActivationBB.VoiceShiftCC.PassivizationDD.Inversion第14题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingadverbialclausesinEnglishtoChinese?AA.KeepingBB.MovingCC.ShiftingDD.ConcealingEE.Alloftheabove正确答案：E第15题Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheuseofprofessionalknowledgetoacquirereferenceresourcesanddevelopusefuldatabanksintranslation?AA.ResearchSkillsBB.ReferenceSkillsCC.DataCollectionSkillsDD.InformationGatheringSkills第16题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingattributiveclausesinEnglishtoChinese?AA.UnpackingBB.UnderstandingCC.TransferringDD.Alloftheabove第17题WhatisthetermusedtodescribethecharacteristicofChineselanguagewherethestructureismorefluidandlessdependentonconnectors?AA.HypotaxisBB.ParataxisCC.IntensionDD.Extension第18题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingEnglishadverbialmodifiersintoChinese?AA.KeepingtheadverbialclauseatthebeginningofthesentenceBB.MovingtheadverbialclausetotheendofthesentenceCC.ChangingthetypeoftheadverbialclauseDD.Alloftheabove第19题Whatisthetermusedtodescribethephenomenonwhereatranslator'soutputisnotsmoothornaturalinthetargetlanguage?AA.TranslationeseBB.TransliterationCC.LiteralTranslationDD.DynamicEquivalence第20题Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheprocessofchangingthestructureorfunctionofasentenceelementintranslationtobetterfitthetargetlanguage?AA.AdaptationBB.TransformationCC.TransmutationDD.Conversion第21题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingcomplexwellarchitectureinEnglishtoChinese?AA.KeepingtheoriginalstructureBB.ChangingthestructuretoamorenaturalforminChineseCC.UsingadirecttranslationDD.Usingametaphor第22题WhatisthetermusedtodescribethecharacteristicofEnglishlanguagewherethestructureismorecomplexanddependentonconnectors?AA.HypotaxisBB.ParataxisCC.IntensionDD.Extension第23题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingEnglishnominalizationsintoChinese?AA.UsinganounphraseBB.UsingaverbphraseCC.UsingaclauseDD.BothBandC第24题WhatisthetermusedtodescribethecharacteristicofChineselanguagewherethesentencestructureismorestraightforwardandlesscomplex?AA.HypotaxisBB.ParataxisCC.IntensionDD.Extension第25题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingEnglishpassivevoiceintoChinese?AA.KeepingthepassivevoiceBB.ChangingthepassivevoicetoanactivevoiceCC.Usingazero-subjectsentenceDD.Alloftheabove第26题Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheprocessofchangingthesentencestructureintranslationtoavoidrigidityandimprovefluency?AA.AdaptationBB.TransformationCC.TransmutationDD.Conversion第27题WhatisthetermusedtodescribethecharacteristicofChineselanguagewherethelogicandconnectionbetweenclausesareclearlydefinedbygrammar?AA.HypotaxisBB.ParataxisCC.IntensionDD.Extension第28题WhichofthefollowingisamethodfortranslatingEnglishadverbialclausesintoChinese?AA.KeepingtheadverbialclauseattheendofthesentenceBB.MovingtheadverbialclausetothebeginningofthesentenceCC.ChangingthetypeoftheadverbialclauseDD.Alloftheabove第29题Theimportanceofscientificandtechnicaltranslationincludesfacilitatingculturalexchange.第30题ThefirsttranslationclimaxinChinesehistorywasthetranslationofBuddhistscripts.第31题XuanzangisonlyknownforhisjourneytotheWestandnotforhissignificantcontributionstotranslation.第32题Theterm"outcropgeology"referstothestudyofrocksandgeologicalfeaturesexposedattheEarth'ssurface.第33题TheSchoolofCombinedLearningwasestablishedaftertheOpiumWar.第34题Nominalizationistheprocessofformingaverborverbphrasefromaclauseornoun.第35题TheuseofpassivevoiceismorecommoninChinesethaninEnglish.第36题Itisrecommendedtokeepthepassivevoicerigidlyinthetargettexttomaintainaccuracy.第37题Theterm"couchpotato"shouldbetranslatedliterallyas"沙发土豆".第38题Translatorsshouldhaveagoodunderstandingofboththesourceandtargetcultures.第39题Theterm"holygrail"hasnohistoricalorreligioussignificanceinWesternculture.第40题Professionaltranslatorsshouldonlyrelyontheirknowledgeandnotseekadditionalreferenceresources.第41题Theterm"parataxis"isusedtodescribethesentencestructurecharacteristicofEnglishlanguage.第42题Theterm"hypotaxis"isusedtodescribethesentencestructurecharacteristicofChineselanguage.第43题Themethodof"unpacking"isnotapplicablewhentranslatingEnglishattributiveclausesintoChinese.第44题Themethodof"concealing"isnotavalidapproachfortranslatingadverbialclausesinEnglishtoChinese.第45题Theterm"translationese"referstotranslationsthatarefluentandnaturalinthetargetlanguage.第46题Themethodof"shifting"isnotrecommendedwhentranslatingEnglishadverbialmodifiersintoChinese.第47题Theterm"conversion"isusedtodescribetheprocessofchangingapassivevoicesentencetoanactivevoicesentenceintranslation.第48题Theterm"activation"isusedtodescribetheprocessofchangingthestructureorfunctionofasentenceelementintranslationtobetterfitthetargetlanguage.第八章习题第1题Whichoneisincorrect?AA.Givencurrentandresistance,wecanfindoutvoltage.已知电流和电阻，就能求出电压。BB.Matterisanythinghavingweightandoccupyingspace.事物是指具有重量并占据空间的任何东西。第2题Whichoneisincorrect?AThepropertiesoftemperedsteelenableustouseitinthemanufactureoftoolswhichneedafairlyhardsteel.回火钢硬度大，正好可以用来制造对钢的硬度要求较高的工具。BThefunctionofaderrickistoprovideverticalclearancenecessarytotheraisingandloweringofthedrillstringintoandoutoftheholeduringthedrilloperations.一个井架的功能是提供垂直间隙，使得在钻探操作期间能够升降钻杆进出钻孔的必要间隙。第3题Whichoneisincorrect?ABacteriausuallydegradethesimplesthydrocarbonfirst,convertingthemintocarbondioxideandwater,andleavebehindthebighydrocarbonmoleculessuchasasphaltandothersubstancesthatcannotbedigestedsuchasnickel.细菌通常首先分解最简单的烃类，将其转化为二氧化碳和水，并留下大型烃类分子，如沥青和其他无法消化的物质，如镍。BGeologistbelievetheoriginalvolumeofcrudeoildigestedbythemicroorganismswasatleasttwoorthreetimeslargerthanwhatnowremainsasbitumen,andyettheAlbertoilsandsarestilltheworld’slargestknownhydrocarbonresource.地质学家认为，被微生物消耗的原油至少是如今所剩下的沥青的2~3倍，但加拿大阿尔伯达省的油砂依然是世界上已探明的最大烃类资源。第4题Whichoneisincorrect?A甲烷MethaneB乙烷EthaneC可再生能源RenewableEnergyD液化石油气LiquefiedNaturalGas第5题Whichoneissimilarto“bitumen”?AAsphaltBTarCGasDGas正确答案：AB第6题Whichoneisincorrect?A页岩ShaleB泥岩MudstoneC沉积岩IgneousrockD砂岩Sandstone第7题Whichoneisincorrect?APetroleumrefining,alsocalledpetroleumprocessing,istherecoveryand/orgenerationofusableorsalablefractionsandproductsfromcrudeoil.Eitherbydistillationorbychemicalreactionofthecrudeoilconstituentsundertheeffectsofheatandpressure.石油炼制，也称石油加工，即利用高温高压效应，通过对原油的各种组分进行蒸馏或化学反应，提取和(或）生成可利用或可销售的馏分和产品。BSuchstudentswillhaveacquiredasetofengineeringtoolsconsistingessentiallyofmathematicsandoneormorecomputerlanguagesandthelanguageofengineeringgraphics,andtheabilitytousetheEnglishlanguagetoexpressthemselvesinbothformsandwillhavealsostudiedanumberofbasicengineeringsciencesincludingengineeringmechanics,materialsandprocess,andthermalfluids.这些学生将掌握一套工程技术工具、英语运用能力和几门基础工程学。工程技术工具主要包括数学、一种或多种计算机语言和工程制图语言，英语运用能力包括口头能力和书面能力，基础工程学包括工程机械学、材料与过程学、热流体学。第8题Whichoneisincorrect?ASincethemoleculesofagasaremuchtoofarfromeachothertorepelorattracteachother,itisveryeasytocompassagas,whileasolidorliquidisalmostincompressible,becausetherepulsionsoftheelectricalchargesofwhichitsatomsaremadeuparefarstrongerthananyforcewecanapply.由于气体分子之间距离太远而无法相互排斥或吸引，因此气体很难压缩，而固体或液体几乎不可能被压缩，因为其原子的电荷排斥力比我们施加的任何力都要强大。由于气体分子相隔太远，不能相互排斥或吸引，所以气体很容易压缩；而固体或液体几乎不可能压缩，因为其原子电荷的斥力比我们所施加的任何力都要强得多。BIngeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablylowvalue.一般来讲，干燥一种固体指的是从固体材料中除去相对少量的水或其他液体，从而使残留液体的含量减少到可接受的低值。第9题Whichoneisincorrect?AWeknownaturethroughwork,theenvironmentalhistorianRichardWhitehasobserved,whetheritispolingcanoesagainstthecurrentofagreatriver(hisparticularcase),orbuildingdamsacrossittotapitsenergy,orhaulingfishoutofit,ordivertingitswatersforirrigatedfarming-or,historiansmayadd,studyingitshydrologyandnaturalhistory.我们知道通过工作来了解自然，环境历史学家理查德·怀特观察到，无论是在一条大河上撑船（他的个别情况），还是在其上修建水坝以利用其能源，或者在其上捕鱼，或者将其水源引导到灌溉农田中或者，历史学家可能会补充说，研究其水文学和自然历史。BTheresistanceofanylengthofaconductingwireiseasilymeasuredbyfindingthepotentialdifferenceinvoltsbetweenitsendswhenaknowcurrentisflowing.已知导线中的电流，只要求出导线两端电位差的伏特数，就不难求出任何长度导线的电阻。第10题Whichoneisincorrect?ANowadaysitisunderstoodthatadietwhichcontainnothingharmfulmayresultinseriousdiseaseifcertainimportantelementsaremissing.现在，人们已经懂得，如果食物中缺少某些重要成分，那么即使其中不含任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病BManufacturingprocessesmaybeclassifiedasunitproductionwithsmallquantitiesbeingmadeandmassproductionwithlargenumberofidenticalpartsbeingproduced.制造过程可以分类为单位生产，生产数量较少，并且大量生产，生产大量相同的零件。第11题Whichoneisincorrect?AKerosene柴油BLubricants润滑油CFueloil燃油DResidue残渣第12题Whichoneisincorrect?A蒸馏distillationB萃取extractionC水力压裂hydrauliccrackingD催化裂化catalyticcracking第13题Aprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.质子带正电、电子、负电，而中子既不带正电也不带负电。第14题The

best

conductor

has

the

least

resistanceand

the

poorest

the

greatest.良导体电阻最小，最差的最大。第15题

It

is

obvious

that

electrons

move

from

the

negative

to

the

positive.电子是由负到正的很明显。第16题It

is

reported

that

the

expense

of

such

an

instrument

has

discouraged

its

use.据有关方面报道，因为这种仪器费用昂贵，人们不愿意用它。第17题The

most

powerful

traveling

telephones

are

the

ones

used

on

ships.

Here

there

is

noproblem

of

weight,

as

there

is

on

an

airplane.功率最大的旅行电话是在船上使用的。这里没有重量的问题，像在飞机上那样。第18题The

military's

aim

is

to

vastly

expand

the

number

of

channels

being

monitored

from

spaceand

to

increase

the

power

and

sophistication

of

remote

chemical

analysis.军方的目的是大大增加从太空监控的频道数量以便提高远程化学分析的效率和精确度。第19题Whichoneisincorrect?AAllthechemicalenergyofthefuelisnotconvertedintoheat.燃料中的所有化学能中，有一部分不会转化为热能。BTherearenoplacesleftontheearththatthefootofmanhasnottrodden.人类的脚步未曾践踏的地方已经没有了。第20题Whichoneisincorrect?ASovastandsopervasiveistheseathatiftheearth’scrustweremadelevel,oceanwaterwouldformablanketover8000feetdeep.海洋如此广阔和普遍，以至于如果地壳被铺平，海洋水将形成一个8000英尺深的毯子。BPrevious

generations

of

scientists

would

have

killed

to

know

what

we

know.过去几代科学家如果了解到我们这一代人知道这么多东西，他们一定美慕不已。第21题Whichoneisincorrect?ACertainly

I

don't

teach

because

teaching

is

easy

for

me.

...

Nor

do

I

teach

because

I

think

I

know

answers,

or

because

I

have

knowledge

I

feel

compelled

to

share.当然，我之所以教书不是因为教书轻松。……我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者我有满腹学问，非与别人分享不可。BGould

contended

that

life

would

have

been

profoundly

different

if

conditions

at

the

start

of

the

evolutionary

process

and

along

the

way

were

only

modestly

different.古尔德认为，如果进化过程开始时和途中的条件只是稍微不同，生活将会大不相同。第22题Whichoneisincorrect?AHumanbeings,andthefeatureswehavethatwemostprize,areradicallycontingent.Replaythetapeandtherewouldbenohumanbeingsandnothingremotelylikehumanintelligenceandlanguage.Indeed,therewouldbenomammalsandnovertebrates.人类以及我们最看重的特征是根本上依赖于偶然的。重新播放录像带，就不会有人类，也不会有任何类似人类智慧和语言的东西。事实上，也不会有哺乳动物和脊椎动物。BInagriculturearelevantaspectisthebetteradaptationofplantstospecificenvironmentalconditionsthatcanbegainedusinggeneticengineeringtechniques.基因工程技术在农业上的一个重要应用是改善植物对环境的适应性。第23题Whichoneisincorrect?AOurgalaxyisonlyoneofsomehundredthousandmillionthatcanbeseenusingmoderntelescopes.我们的银河系仅是使用现代望远镜可以看到的数百万个星系之一。BTheoreticallythemarriageofanoldseatoflearningandtraditionwithanewandwealthyindustrymightbeexpectedtoproducesomeinterestingchildren.

...

thatthishasnothappenedmaybethefaultoftheuniversity,foratbothOxfordandCambridgethecollegestendtoliveinanerawhichiscertainlynotofthe20thcentury,anduponaplanetwhichbearslittleresemblancetothewar-tornEarth.按理说，一个古老的教育和传统中心与富裕的新兴工业相结合，可能期望产生出有趣的结果。……然而并未如愿以偿，这可能归咎于大学当局。因为无论在牛津还是在剑桥，师生们都情愿生活在一个古老的时代，一个肯定不是20世纪的时代；情愿生活在另一个星球上，一个与历经战火蹂躪的地球亳无相似之处的星球上。第24题Whichoneisincorrect?A聚乙烯polyethyleneB二氧化硫sulphurdioxideC低硫原油sourcrudeD微量气体tracegas第25题Whichoneisincorrect?ALaserisincrediblydeadly,andintheblinkofaneye,itcandestroytheenemy’souterspacecommunicationsatellites,shuttingdownmuchoftheiradvancedintelligencesystem.激光是非常致命的，在眨眼之间，它可以摧毁敌人的外太空通讯卫星，关闭他们大部分的先进情报系统。BEinstein’sequationsindicatedthatwhenastarseveraltimeslargerthanthesunexhaustsitsnuclearfuelandcollapses,itsmattercrushestogetheratitscenterwithsuchforcethatitformsasingularity,aninfinitelydensepointwithnodimensionsandirresistiblegravity.爱因斯坦的方程式表明，当一个比太阳大数倍的星体耗尽了自身的核燃料而坍場时，它的物质以雷霆万钧之力在其核心部位挤压在一起，从而形成一个奇点，这一奇点没有维度，却具有无限大的密度和不可抗拒的引力。第26题Whichoneisincorrect?AJustastheIndustrialRevolutiontookoveranimmenserangeoftasksfrommen’smusclesandenormouslyexpandedproductivity,sothemicrocomputerisrapidlyassuminghugeburdensofdrudgeryfromthehumanbrainandtherebyexpandingthemind’scapacitiesinwaysthatmanhasonlybeguntograsp.正如工业革命承接了大量的体力劳动并极大发展了生产力一样，微型电子计算机正迅速地承担起大量繁重的脑力劳动，从而拓展了人脑的思维能力，而拓展的各种方式人们现在才开始掌握。BCitieseverywherearegrowing,whileruralpopulationsareindecline.Itisanenormouschallengetohouse,transportandprovidefoodandservicestothethreebillionurbandwellerswithinthesegrowingcities.Itisalsoincreasingthealreadysignificantimpactcitiesarehavingonourglobalenvironment,thatis,beingamajorcauseofclimatechangeandresourcedepletion.各地的城市都在不断增长，而农村人口正在下降。为这些不断增长的城市内的30亿城市居民提供住房、交通、食品和服务是一项巨大的挑战。这也增加了城市对全球环境已经显著影响的影响，也就是说，成为气候变化和资源枯竭的主要原因。第27题Whichoneisincorrect?AGlobalwarmingisalsoastrategicthreat.Theconcentrationofcarbondioxideandotherheat-absorbingmoleculeshasincreasedbyalmost25%sinceWorldWarII,posingaworldwidethreattotheearth’sabilitytoregulatetheamountofheatfromthesunretainedintheatmosphere.Thisincreaseinheatseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibriumthatdeterminesthepatternofwinds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancurrents,andsealevel.Theseinturndeterminethedistributionofvegetativeandanimallifeonlandandseaandhaveagreateffectonthelocationandpatternofhumansocieties.全球气候转暖也是一种战略性威胁。自第二次世界大战以来，大气层中二氧化碳和其他一些吸热分子的含量已增加了近25%，这对地球调节大气层中来自太阳的热量的能力是一种全球性的威胁。大气层中热量的升高严重地威胁着地球的气候平衡，而气候平衡又决定着地球上的风量、雨量、地面温度、洋流和海平面高度，这些因素反过来又次定着陆地和海上动植物的生态分布，并在很大程度上影响着人类社会的定居地点和生活方式。BButevenaswarmingtemperaturesareupendingtraditionalGreenlandiclife,theyarealsoofferingupintriguingnewopportunitiesforthisstateof57,000-perhapsnowheremoresothaninthetownofNarsaq.VastnewdepositsofmineralsandgemsarebeingdiscoveredasGreenland’smassiveicecaprecedes,formingthebasisofapotentiallylucrativeminingindustry.Oneoftheworld’slargestdepositsofrareearthmetalsessentialformanufacturingcellphones,windturbinesandelectriccarssitsjustoutsideNarsaq.但即使在温度升高正在颠覆传统的格陵兰生活的同时，它们也为这个拥有57,000人口的国家带来了新的有趣机遇-也许最突出的就在纳萨克镇。随着格陵兰巨大的冰帽消退，正在发现大量的矿藏和宝石，形成了潜在的利润丰厚的采矿产业的基础。世界上最大的稀土金属储量之一，这些金属对于制造手机、风力发电机和电动汽车至关重要，就在纳萨克镇外面。第28题Whichoneisincorrect?A铀uraniumB核能nuclearpowerC放射性污染radiationpollutionD工业化industrialization第29题Whichoneisincorrect?A生态圈ecologicalcircleB大气圈atmosphereC水圈hydrosphereD岩石圈geosphere第30题Whichoneisincorrect?A电压voltageB半导体材料semiconductormaterialC微薄microwaveD交流电directcurrent(DC)第31题1.

文学翻译家需要有正确的科技观念，这就是说，在再现原作艺术性的同时，对科技内容需要正确的处理。第32题正是在图像上，人们找到了文学和科学的汇合点。第33题对于诗或科学作品的翻译，不止可以通过形象或形象的转换才能表达第34题译文中重新客观化和物质化是译者头脑的加工制作和能动创造的结果。第35题科技活动是人类的一项社会活动。参与科技活动的人不一定都生活在一定的社会环境之中。第36题英语科技术语具有生活用语，口语术语化；用大量复合词构成术语；新创词不断出现和老词不断增加新义的特点。第37题计算机术语中引进了许多拟人化的生活用语和口语，如：fathernode,whoareyou,brainmachineandheavymortar.第38题译名准确的前提是透彻了解每条术语的含义。为了弄清含义，可以通过查阅外文专业解释性词典和从期刊上查阅词义。第39题译名有抽象名词具体化，汉字省略，词序倒换和“副服从主”的原则等技巧。第40题Source,terminal,read,andclockfrequency等词语都属于汉译补充。第41题翻译中遇到的所有问题都可以通过语义辨认，语法分析等语言活动解决。第42题Incasesuchaterminalfacilityisnotavailable,thegroundwiremaybeconnectedtoawaterpipe,ifitprovidessecureandeffectivegroundcircuit.中it指代的是waterpipe。第43题句子：Tidesarecausedbythemoonandthesunpullingseawatertowardsthem.的翻译是潮汐是由于月亮和太阳吸引海水而产生的。第44题Scientistsdefinedthetemperaturerequirementforsurvivaloftheblackcarp.中define译为规定。第45题Alllivingcreatureslivebyfeedingonsomethingelse,whetheritbeplantoranimal,deadorlive.可译为所有活着的生物，不论是植物还是动物，死的还是活的都靠吃某种别的东西生存。第46题CAT软件主要应用于文学翻译，是辅助译者进行翻译第47题Wordfast是一款美国的CAT软件，必须依附Word使用。它可以在PC或Mac操作系统下运行。第48题GTT是一款基于浏览器的免费辅助翻译平台，提供包括翻译辅助，机器翻译，翻译记忆库，协作平台和Talk等服务。第49题MemSource将其产品分成5个等级，个人版是免费的，但最多能填加2份源文件，问价大小不超过10MB。第50题MemSourceCloud将软件安装到翻译公司或是高校自己的服务器上。第51题Certaingeneralprinciplesareinseparablyconnectedwiththeprofessionoftranslation,particularlytostressthesocialfunctionoftranslation.第52题Anytranslationshouldbefaithfultotheoriginaltextandneednotaccuratelyexpresstheideasandformsoftheoriginaltext.第53题Translatorsaretheholdersofcopyrightintheirtranslationsanddonotenjoythesameprivilegesastheoriginalauthors.第54题ThetaskofTranslators’SocietiesandUnionsistoprotectthematerialandmoralinterestsoftranslators,toraisetheleveloftranslation,andtostudyallotherissuesrelatedtotranslation.第十章习题第1题Whichoneisincorrect?AA.Givencurrentandresistance,wecanfindoutvoltage.已知电流和电阻，就能求出电压。BB.Matterisanythinghavingweightandoccupyingspace.事物是指具有重量并占据空间的任何东西。第2题Whichoneisincorrect?AThepropertiesoftemperedsteelenableustouseitinthemanufactureoftoolswhichneedafairlyhardsteel.回火钢硬度大，正好可以用来制造对钢的硬度要求较高的工具。BThefunctionofaderrickistoprovideverticalclearancenecessarytotheraisingandloweringofthedrillstringintoandoutoftheholeduringthedrilloperations.一个井架的功能是提供垂直间隙，使得在钻探操作期间能够升降钻杆进出钻孔的必要间隙。第3题Whichoneisincorrect?ABacteriausuallydegradethesimplesthydrocarbonfirst,convertingthemintocarbondioxideandwater,andleavebehindthebighydrocarbonmoleculessuchasasphaltandothersubstancesthatcannotbedigestedsuchasnickel.细菌通常首先分解最简单的烃类，将其转化为二氧化碳和水，并留下大型烃类分子，如沥青和镍等其他无法消化的物质。BGeologistbelievetheoriginalvolumeofcrudeoildigestedbythemicroorganismswasatleasttwoorthreetimeslargerthanwhatnowremainsasbitumen,andyettheAlbertoilsandsarestilltheworld’slargestknownhydrocarbonresource.地质学家认为，被微生物消耗的原油至少是如今所剩下的沥青的2~3倍，但加拿大阿尔伯达省的油砂依然是世界上已探明的最大烃类资源。第4题Whichoneisincorrect?A甲烷MethaneB乙烷EthaneC可再生能源RenewableEnergyD液化石油气LiquefiedNaturalGas第5题Whichoneissimilarto“bitumen”?AAsphaltBTarCGasDGas正确答案：AB第6题Whichoneisincorrect?A页岩ShaleB泥岩MudstoneC沉积岩IgneousrockD砂岩Sandstone第7题Whichoneisincorrect?APetroleumrefining,alsocalledpetroleumprocessing,istherecoveryand/orgenerationofusableorsalablefractionsandproductsfromcrudeoil.Eitherbydistillationorbychemicalreactionofthecrudeoilconstituentsundertheeffectsofheatandpressure.石油炼制，也称石油加工，即利用高温高压效应，通过对原油的各种组分进行蒸馏或化学反应，提取和(或）生成可利用或可销售的馏分和产品。BSuchstudentswillhaveacquiredasetofengineeringtoolsconsistingessentiallyofmathematicsandoneormoreco