商务与基础英语10

商务英语阅读4UNIT9GreenEconomyLearningObjectivesExplorethetypesofnewenergy.Understandadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsolarenergy.Cultivatetheconsciousnessofprotectingourenvironment.Learntherelationshipbetweentechnologyandenvironment.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesCleanEnergy:LettheSunShineTextAWarmingup1.Whatwillhappenifglobalwarmingcontinues?2.Whichgroupofpeopledoesglobalwarminghavethegreatesteffecton?3.Whatcanwedotoprotectourenvironment?

WordsandExpressions1.harness

vt.tobringsth.undercontrolanduseit利用（自然力）；控制（情感）（CET-6）TürkiyeplanstoharnessthewatersoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversforbighydro-electricpowerprojects.2.

photovoltaic

adj.producingavoltagewhenexposedtoradiantenergy(especiallylight)光电池的Photovoltaiccellsareaproductofmodernsolid-statephysics.3.thermaladj.connectedwithheat热的；热量的（CET-6）Thisisathermalpowerstation.

WordsandExpressions4.

photosynthesisn.thewaythatgreenplantsmaketheirfoodusingsunlight光合作用（GRE）Inappletreesphotosynthesisoccursalmostexclusivelyintheleaves.5.concentratev.Ifsomethingisconcentratedinanarea,itisallthereratherthanbeingspreadaround.使汇集（CET-4）Italy’sindustrialdistrictsareconcentratedinitsnorth-centralandnorth-easternregions.

6.

inexhaustibleadj.Thereissomuchofitthatitcannotallbeusedup.用不完的；无穷无尽的（CET-6；TEM-8）Shehasaninexhaustiblesupplyofenthusiasm.

WordsandExpressions7.indigenousadj.Indigenouspeopleorthingsbelongtothecountryinwhichtheyarefound,ratherthancoming.当地的；本土的；土生土长的（CET-6；TEM-8）NotallindigenousregimeswerewillingtoacceptthesupposedbenefitsofBritishtrade.

8.rampuptobolsterorstrengthen加强；加大（TEM-8）HethenaskedmehowmuchIhadtorampupsalestoachievemythree-yeargoal.9.reckonvt.tocalculatetoberoughlythatamount估算；估计（CET-6）Thestar’ssurfacetemperatureisreckonedtobeminus75degreesCelsius.

WordsandExpressions10.heftyadj.largeinsize,weight,oramount（体积、重量或数量）巨大的（TEM-8）Shewasquiteaheftywoman.11.grumblevi.tocomplainaboutsomethinginabad-temperedway抱怨；发牢骚（CET-6；TEM-4）Ishouldn’tgrumbleaboutMum—she’slovelyreally.12.skittishadj.easilyfrightenedorexcited（人或动物）易激动的；易受惊的（GRE）Thedecliningdollargavehearttoskittishinvestors.

WordsandExpressions13.hedge

n.somethingthatisahedgeagainstsomethingunpleasantwillprotectyoufromitseffects防护物；防备手段；防范措施（CET-6）Goldistraditionallyahedgeagainstinflation.14.modulen.Amoduleisapartofamachine,especiallyacomputer,whichperformsaparticularfunction.配件；部件（CET-6）Toassemblesolarmodules,weinterconnectmultiplesolarcellsbytapingandstringingthecellsintoadesiredelectricalconfiguration.

StructureanalysisPartII(Paras.5-10)SolarenergyinAmericaPartI(Paras.1-4)IntroductionStructuralAnalysisPartIII(Paras.11-16)BetyourbottomdollarDetailedreading(Para.1)Canyougiveussomeexamplesofusingsolarenergyinyourlife?SolarenergyisradiantlightandheatfromtheSun,wecanseealotofexamplesofusingsolarenergyinourlife,suchassolarheating,photovoltaic,solarthermalenergy,solararchitecture,moltensaltpowerplantsandartificialphotosynthesis.solarthermalenergy(STE):Solarthermalenergyisaformofenergyandatechnologyforharnessingsolarenergytogeneratethermalenergyorelectricalenergyforuseinindustry,andintheresidentialandcommercialsectors.太阳热能Detailedreading(Para.1)moltensalt:Moltensaltissaltwhichissolidatstandardtemperatureandpressure(STP)butenterstheliquidphaseduetoelevatedtemperature.AsaltthatisnormallyliquidevenatSTPisusuallycalledaroomtemperatureionicliquid,althoughtechnicallymoltensaltsareaclassofionicliquids.熔盐Detailedreading(Para.1)harness

v.bringitundercontrolanduseit控制（情感）；利用（自然力）TurkeyplanstoharnessthewatersoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversforbighydro-electricpowerprojects.Testharness自动化测试框架;测试工具;在测试框架;测试用具Cableharness线束;线缆线束;电缆线束;主营线束harnessleather马具革;皮革类英语;装具革harnesschecks浮纹格子布Trapharness陷阱套;捕获模块HarnessDesign电缆布线设计;治理设计Detailedreading(Para.1)photovoltaic

adj.producingavoltagewhenexposedtoradiantenergy(especiallylight)光电池的Photovoltaiccellsareaproductofmodernsolid-statephysics.Detailedreading(Para.1)thermaladj.connectedwithheat热的;热量的Thisisathermalpowerstation.thermalinsulation隔热;保温;绝热thermalexpansion热胀冷缩;热膨胀系数;热胀thermalpollution热污染;热净化;热污染TPThermalphysics热学;热物理学;热物理;热力学thermalcomfort舒适温度;热舒适;人的热舒适;热舒适性thermalanalysis热分析;热力分析;热分析法;热学分析Detailedreading(Para.1)photosynthesis

n.thewaythatgreenplantsmaketheirfoodusingsunlight光合作用Inappletreesphotosynthesisoccursalmostexclusivelyintheleaves.Detailedreading(Para.1)WhatdoActivesolartechniquesinclude?A.OrientingabuildingtotheSun.B.Selectingmaterialswithfavorablethermalmass.C.Designingspacesthatnaturallycirculateair.D.Usingphotovoltaicsystems.Key:DDetailedreading(Para.2,3)concentrate

1.v.Ifsomethingisconcentratedinanarea,itisallthereratherthanbeingspreadaround.使汇集Italy’sindustrialdistrictsareconcentratedinitsnorth-centralandnorth-easternregions2.Ifyouconcentrateonsomething,orconcentrateyourmindonit,yougiveallyourattentiontoit.集中(心思);专心3.Ifsomethingisconcentratedinanarea,itisallthereratherthanbeingspreadaround.集中concentrateon集中精力于；全神贯注于copperconcentrate铜精矿oreconcentrate精矿zincconcentrate锌精矿；精炼锌proteinconcentrate浓缩蛋白；蛋白质精料Detailedreading(Para.2)WhydidtheInternationalEnergyAgencysaythatsolarenergytechnologieswillhavehugelonger-termbenefits?Ithasalotoffeaturessuchasaffordable,inexhaustibleandclean,Itwillincreasecountries’energysecuritythroughrelianceonanindigenous,inexhaustibleandmostlyimport-independentresource,enhancesustainability,reducepollution,lowerthecostsofmitigatingglobalwarming,andkeepfossilfuelpriceslowerthanotherwise.Detailedreading(Para.4)inexhaustibleadj.Thereissomuchofitthatitcannotallbeusedup.用不完的;无穷无尽的Shehasaninexhaustiblesupplyofenthusiasm.unexhaustible

,

exhaustlessinexhaustibleresources无穷尽的资源inexhaustibledesire不竭的愿望;希望无穷;取之不尽inexhaustibleslaughters无尽的杀戮inexhaustiblepower无穷的力量inexhaustiblejourney无尽的旅途Detailedreading(Para.4)

indigenous

adj.Indigenouspeopleorthingsbelongtothecountryinwhichtheyarefound,ratherthancoming.当地的;本土的;土生土长的NotallindigenousregimeswerewillingtoacceptthesupposedbenefitsofBritishtrade.IndigenousAryans印度起源说indigenousflora土着区系;土着菌群;地方植物群;自然菌群indigenousplant本地生植物;乡土植物;本地植物;本土植物indigenouspopulation土着;土着居民;土着人;土著人口indigenouscoal[矿物]原地煤;原生煤;[矿物]本地煤indigenousdevelopment本土开发;当地开发indigenousenergy本地能源indigenousinhabitant原居民;土着居民Detailedreading(Para.4)HooverDam:Itisaconcretearch-gravitydamintheBlackCanyonoftheColoradoRiver,ontheborderbetweentheU.S.statesofNevadaandArizona.Itwasconstructedbetween1931and1936duringtheGreatDepressionandwasdedicatedonSeptember30,1935,byPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.Itsconstructionwastheresultofamassiveeffortinvolvingthousandsofworkers,andcostoveronehundredlives.ThedamwasnamedafterPresidentHerbertHoover.

胡佛水坝Detailedreading(Para.5)rampup

bolsterorstrengthen加强;加大HethenaskedmehowmuchIhadtorampupsalestoachievemythree-yeargoal.Theoverarching

approach

is

tostart

small

in

each

ofthe

domains

and

ramp

up

quickly

afterachieving

early

successes

and

learning

lessons.

整体方法是在每个领域中从小处着手，并在实现早期成功和学习到经验之后迅速推进。Detailedreading(Para.5)

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebenefitbroughtbysolarenergy?A.Itwillincreasecountries’energysecuritythroughrelianceonanindigenous,inexhaustibleandmostlyimport-independentresource.B.Itwillreducepollutionandkeepfossilfuelpriceslowerthanotherwise.C.Itwilllowerthecostsofmitigatingglobalwarming.D.Allofthem.Key:DDetailedreading(Para.5)WhataboutthedevelopmentofsolarpowerinAmerica?Itdevelopssofast,thoughfromasmallbase.Detailedreading(Para.6)reckon

v.calculatetoberoughlythatamount估算;估计Thestar’ssurfacetemperatureisreckonedtobeminus75degreesCelsius.reckonwith处理;估计到;预料到;对付toreckon估计;料度;算计;数数youreckon你真的这么认为reckonsth把某事物计算在内reckonaccounts结帐reckonin计入;把…计算在内;将算在内Detailedreading(Para.6)WhichisthemajorreasonthatlargeplantslikeIvanpahcannotgeneratemuchfromtherapidgrowthofsolarpowerindustry?A.Thefederalloanguaranteeshaveexpired.B.Thisnewlydevelopedtechnologycannotbeacceptedcompletelybypeople.C.Thecostofphotovoltaicsolarcellshasfallensoquickly.D.Naturalgasstillisthemainenergysource.Key:CDetailedreading(Para.7)Ifthefederalgovernment’ssolar-investmenttaxcreditdrops,whatwillhappen?That’snottheendofsolarenergyindustry,itwillsimplyeliminatesomemarginalprojects.Andbythentheremaybearevivalofnewtechnology.Detailedreading(Para.9)Howdoyouunderstandthisterm“deathknell”?Ifyousaythatsomethingsounds

the

deathknell

for

aparticularpersonorthing,youmeanitwillcausethatpersonorthingtofail,end,orceasetoexist.Detailedreading(Para.9)EdisonElectricInstitute(EEI):ItistheassociationthatrepresentsallU.S.investor-ownedelectriccompanies.Itsmembersprovideelectricityfor220millionAmericans,operatein50statesandtheDistrictofColumbia,anddirectlyemploymorethan500,000workers.EEIhas70internationalelectriccompaniesasAffiliateMembers,and250industrysuppliersandrelatedorganizationsasAssociateMembers.Organizedin1933,EEIprovidespublicpolicyleadership,strategicbusinessintelligence,andessentialconferencesandforums.

爱迪生电气协会Detailedreading(Para.10)hefty

adj.largeinsize,weight,oramount（体积、重量或数量）巨大的Shewasquiteaheftywoman.heftypenalty严厉处分;肌肉发达的;非常;强有力地heftyy相当多的;很重的heftylead远远领先grimlyhefty可怕地大量heftya相当可观的heftyknock打击heftyMan大块头Detailedreading(Para.11)Whydoessolarpowerthreatensomeutilities?A.Solarpowerhasbeengeneratedcentrally,distributedoverpowerlinesandsoldtoconsumers.B.Solarpowerhasgeneratedfromrooftoppanels.C.SolarpowercompanieswillthreatensomeutilitiesbyInternet.D.Itwasn’tmentioned.Key:BDetailedreading(Para.12)grumble

v.complainaboutsomethinginabad-temperedway抱怨；发牢骚Ishouldn’tgrumbleaboutMum—she’slovelyreally.sometimesgrumble一时牢骚满腹grumbleover埋怨;抱怨togrumble磨叨;抱怨grumbleabout抱怨;为…而发牢骚mutualgrumble相互数落grumbleforever抱怨个没完Detailedreading(Para.12)JuliaHammoftheSolarElectricPowerAssociationidentifiesthreewaysregulatorscouldhelputilitiesdealwiththesechanges.Whatarethethreemethods?First,theycoulddemandmonthlyinfrastructurefeesfromsolarusers.Second,theycouldlisteverycomponentofvalueseparatelyratherthanwrappingthecostofinfrastructuremaintenance,forinstance,intousagecharges.Third,theycouldsplitenergyusedandconsumedintoseparatetransactions,meaningthatasolarcustomersellsallhisenergytoautilitybeforebuyingwhatheneeds.Detailedreading(Para.13)“Netmeteringisjustthepointyedgeofthewedge”howdoyouunderstandthissentence?Reducingthepriceofelectricityisonlyasmallpartofalltheproblems.Althoughitisthehighlightpart,thereareotherproblems.Detailedreading(Para.14)

skittish

1.adj.easilyfrightenedorexcited.(人或动物)易激动的;易受惊的Thedecliningdollargavehearttoskittishinvestors.SYN:alive

,

lively

,

activated2.adj.Someonewhoisskittishdoesnotconcentrateonanythingortakelifeveryseriously.没常性的...hisrelentlesslyskittishsenseofhumour....他那永远变来变去的幽默感。Detailedreading(Para.15)hedge

n.somethingthatisahedgeagainstsomethingunpleasantwillprotectyoufromitseffects防护物;防备手段;防范措施Goldistraditionallyahedgeagainstinflation.hedgefunds对冲基金;避险基金;对于冲基金;套利基金sellinghedge[贸易]卖期保值;沽空对冲;卖出套期保值;卖出对冲hedgeinventory囤积库存;避险库存buyinghedge买期保值;买入对冲;买入套期保值;多头套期保值hedgebuying买期保值;买进保值期货;套买保值;买进保值equityhedge股票对冲;权益对冲;股票避险hedgeoperation投机买卖;对冲操作hedgesparrow篱雀Detailedreading(Para.15)module1.n.Amoduleisapartofamachine,especiallyacomputer,whichperformsaparticularfunction.配件;部件Toassemblesolarmodules,weinterconnectmultiplesolarcellsbytapingandstringingthecellsintoadesiredelectricalconfiguration.2.Amoduleisapartofaspacecraftwhichcanoperatebyitself,oftenawayfromtherestofthespacecraft.(航天器的)舱Arescueplancouldbeachievedbysendinganunmannedmoduletothespacestation.营救计划可以通过向空间站发送一个无人舱来完成。Detailedreading(Para.16)Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofsolarenergy?A.Positive B.Indifferent C.Objective D.PuzzlingKey:ADetailedreading(Para.16)NotesonTextA1.solarthermalenergy(STE):Solarthermalenergyisaformofenergyandatechnologyforharnessingsolarenergytogeneratethermalenergyorelectricalenergyforuseinindustry,andintheresidentialandcommercialsectors.太阳热能是一种将太阳辐射热能转化为电能的技术。2.moltensalt:Moltensaltissaltwhichissolidatstandardtemperatureandpressure(STP)butenterstheliquidphaseduetoelevatedtemperature.AsaltthatisnormallyliquidevenatSTPisusuallycalledaroomtemperatureionicliquid,althoughtechnicallymoltensaltsareaclassofionicliquids.熔盐是一种特殊的物质，它是由金属阳离子和非金属阴离子组成的熔融体。NotesonTextA3.HooverDam:Itisaconcretearch-gravitydamintheBlackCanyonoftheColoradoRiver,ontheborderbetweentheU.S.statesofNevadaandArizona.Itwasconstructedbetween1931and1936duringtheGreatDepressionandwasdedicatedonSeptember30,1935,byPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.Itsconstructionwastheresultofamassiveeffortinvolvingthousandsofworkers,andcostoveronehundredlives.ThedamwasnamedafterPresidentHerbertHoover.胡佛水坝是世界闻名的水利工程，位于美国内华达州和亚利桑那州交界之处的科罗拉多河黑峡。DiscussionCouldyoushareyouropinionsonadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsolarenergy?

TechnologiesThatCanSavetheEnvironmentTextBWordsandExpressionsformula

n.aplanthatisinventedinordertodealwithaparticularproblem方案（CET-6）Weneedclearformulasaswellfordevelopmentandclimatefinancing.2.hazard

n.Ahazardissomethingwhichcouldbedangeroustoyou,yourhealthorsafety,oryourplansorreputation.危险；危害（CET-6）Anewreportsuggeststhatchewing-gummaybeahealthhazard.3.exacerbate

vt.Ifsomethingexacerbatesaproblemorbadsituation,itmakesitworse.使恶化；使加剧（GRE；SAT）Mr.Powell-Taylorsaysthatdepopulationexacerbatestheproblem.WordsandExpressions4.hybrid

n.Ahybridorahybridcarisacarthathasbothanelectricmotorandanordinarycarengine.混合动力车；油电混合车Hybrids,unlikepureelectriccars,neverneedtobepluggedin.5.tout

vt.totrytosellitorconvincepeoplethatitisgood兜售；吹嘘（TEM-8）

IthasthetrappingsofanelectioncampaignintheUnitedStates,withslicktelevisionadstoutingthecandidates.WordsandExpressions6.molecule

n.thesmallestamountofachemicalsubstance分子（CET-6）Thechemicalstructureofthisparticularmoleculeisveryunusual.7.turbine

n.Aturbineisamachineorenginewhichusesastreamofair,gas,water,orsteamtoturnawheelandproducepower.涡轮机；透平机（CET-4；GMAT）

Themainfaultmechanismandcharacteristicsofsteamturbinegeneratorunitwereresearched.8.catalyst

n.Youcandescribeapersonorthingthatcausesachangeoreventtohappenasacatalyst.催化剂；诱因；诱导者（CET-6；GRE）Ihopethatthiscasewillprovetobeacatalystforchange.WordsandExpressions9.bioremediation

n.theactoftreatingwasteorpollutantsbytheuseofmicroorganisms(asbacteria)thatcanbreakdowntheundesirablesubstances（利用微生物净化有毒废物场或受污染水域等的）生物治理

Agoodexampleisbioremediation,theuseofmicroorganismstoremovepollutantsfromtheenvironment.10.arsenic

n.averystrongpoisonwhichcankillpeople砷；砒霜（GRE）Majortreatmentmethodsforarsenicincludesulfideperciipitation.WordsandExpressions11.phytoremediation

n.thetreatmentofenvironmentalproblemsthroughtheuseofplantsthatmitigatestheenvironmentalproblemwithouttheneedtoexcavatethecontaminantmaterialanddisposeofitelsewhere植物修复（CET-6；TEM-8）

Thisreviewprovidesanoverviewofthedevelopmentandapplicationofphytoremediationontheremediationofheavymetalcontaminatedsoilsandsites.WordsandExpressions12.pesticide

n.Pesticidesarechemicalswhichfarmersputontheircropstokillharmfulinsects.杀虫剂；农药（CET-6；TEM-8）Thispesticideisharmlesstopeople.13.asbestos

n.Asbestosisagreymaterialwhichdoesnotburnandwhichhasbeenusedasaprotectionagainstfireorheat.石棉（CET-6；TEM-8）Asbestoscanbeusedtoinsulateacookingstove.StructuralAnalysisParas.MainTopicsParas.1-2TheUrgencyofEnvironmentalProtectionandtheRoleofTechnologyPara.3TechnologicalInnovationsinAgricultureforEnvironmentalSustainabilityParas.4-7RenewableEnergyTechnologiesandTheirPotentialandChallengesParas.8-10BiotechnologyApplicationsforEnvironmentalProtectionandNewMaterialsStructuralAnalysisPartI.TheUrgencyofEnvironmentalProtectionandtheRoleofTechnology(Paragraphs1–2)Summary:TheCOP21climatechangeconferenceemphasizedthesignificanceofcombatingglobalwarming.Thecirculareconomy,especiallythebioeconomy,iscrucialforsustainabledevelopment.Itaimstoreusewaste,cutdownonrawmaterial,water,andenergyconsumptionwhilegeneratingaddedvalue,whichcanbenefitboththeenvironmentandemployment.StructuralAnalysisPartII.TechnologicalInnovationsinAgricultureforEnvironmentalSustainability(Paragraph3)Summary:Agriculturaltechnologyshowcasesthepositiveimpactofbiotechnologyontheenvironment.Scientistshavedevelopedclimate—resistantcropslikeflood—resistantrice,andthereareongoingeffortstocreatedrought-tolerantcereals.Theseadvancementsarevitalasclimate-change-relateddisasters,suchasfloods,droughts,andwildfires,areintensifying,particularlyinimpoverishedregions.StructuralAnalysisPartIII.RenewableEnergyTechnologiesandTheirPotentialandChallenges(Paragraphs4–7)Summary:GreenVehiclesandthePushforRenewableEnergy:Theautomotiveindustryismovingtowardsanew"green"culture.Renewableenergyisseenasakeysolutiontoreducetheconsumptionofoilandfossilfuels.HydrogenFuelCells:Hydrogenfuelcellsofferapollution-freealternativetofossilfuelsbygeneratingelectricityandwater.However,theprocessofobtaininghydrogeniscomplex,asitoftenrequiresotherenergysources.Despitethis,thereareadvancementsinusingfuelcellsforsmalldevices,andcarcompaniesareoptimisticabouthydrogen-poweredcarsinthefuture.Ocean-BasedEnergy:Theoceansareavastsourceofenergy.OTECtechnologiescanconvertoceanthermalenergyintoelectricity,buttheyarenotyetefficientenough.Waveenergyisalsoabundant,butharnessingitisdifficultduetoissueslikeinconsistentwavesizes.Someregions,likeNewYorkCity'sEastRiverandPortugal,aretestingandimplementingwave-andtide-poweredenergyprojects.StructuralAnalysisPartIV.BiotechnologyApplicationsforEnvironmentalProtectionandNewMaterials(Paragraphs8–10)Summary:BioremediationandBiofuelProduction:Biotechnologyhasapplicationsinbiofuelproductionandenvironmentalcleanup.Bioremediationusesmicroorganisms,plants,etc.,todecontaminatewaste.Forexample,microbescancleannitratesfromwater,andplantscanabsorbarsenicfromsoil.TheEPAhasusedthesemethodsincleanupprojects.NewMaterialsforaGreenerFuture:Innovationinnewmaterialsisalsoimportantforsustainability.Biomaterialscanhelpreducethegreenhouseeffectbystoringcarbondioxide,andmaterialslikebananabladesinconstructioncaneliminateharmfulsubstancessuchasasbestos,thuscontributingtoahealthierandmoresustainableenvironment.Overall,scientificandtechnicalresearchintheseareasisessentialforenvironmentalprotection,reducingtheimpactofglobalwarming,andpromotingamoresustainableeconomy.NotesonTextB1.COP21:The2015UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference,COP21orCMP11,washeldinParis,France,fromNovember30toDecember12,2015.Itwasthe21styearlysessionoftheConferenceoftheParties(COP)tothe1992UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andthe11thsessionoftheConferenceoftheParties(CMP)tothe1997KyotoProtocol.TheconferencenegotiatedtheParisAgreement,aglobalagreementonthereductionofclimatechange,thetextofwhichrepresentedaconsensusoftherepresentativesofthe196partiesattendingit.第21届联合国气候变化大会，是2015年11月30日至12月11日在巴黎举行的关键会议，这次大会继2009年哥本哈根气候大会之后，被认为是全球应对气候变化努力中非常重要的一次会议。NotesonTextB2.Circulareconomy:Acirculareconomyisarege