2026届上海市浦东新区高考（二模）英语练习答案

高三教学资源包高三英语练习（练习时间：105分钟满分：115分）I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Temperaturesarewarmingupwithdaysgettinglonger,sowethrowoffourcoatsandbootsandspendtimeoutsidetakinginthesun’swarmth.Thosesignsofspringalsosignaltomanythatit’stimetoconductathoroughcleaningintheirhouse,atraditionwithroots____1____(date)backtoancienttimes,symbolizingthetransitionfromthehibernating(冬眠)winterseasontothedynamicgrowthofspring.“Wesweepthefloorandpolishthesurface,and____2____theseactionsrepresentisthatwearehonoringatraditionwhichunitesuswithpastgenerations,”saysMarenVoss,adirectorattheMuseumoftheHomeinLondon.Springcleaningactuallyarisesfromvariouscultures.InChineseculture,itiscustomaryjustbeforeNewYear’sDay____3____(tidy)upone’shomesothatgoodfortunewillarrive.InWesternculture,springcleaningalsohasapracticalhistory.Inthepast,homes____4____(heat)withwoodorcoal.Andoillampslithomes____5____electricitywaswidelyused,sodirtbuiltuponsurfaces.Herecamespringcleaning.However,springcleaningmayhavemoretodowithbiology.Somestudiessuggestmoresunlightincreasesourwakefulnessbecauseweproducelessmelatonin,achemicalthatmakesussleepy.Melatonincausesustobecome____6____(willing)torefreshourspace.Whentheseasonsstarttoshift,feelingsofdullnessreduce,andweregainenergyandfeel____7____(motivate)todeepcleanourlivingenvironments.Studieshaveshownthatcleaninghasahealingeffect,asseenbythenewgenerationof“cleanfluencers”____8____aretakingsocialmediabystorm.Millionsofpeoplewatchthemcleandirtyhomesandsharecleaningtips.Whatstarts____9____asimplevideowatchoftenendswithviewerstacklingtheirownhouseholdchores.Ifyouhaven’tvisitedthegymlately,_____10_____(start)yourworkoutathomebywashingwindowsandfloors.Sopickaroom,grabsomecleaningsuppliesandbegin.Makeyourlivingspaceasfreshasspring.【答案】1.dating2.what3.totidy4.wereheated5.before##until6.lesswilling7.motivated8.who##that9.as##with10.start【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍春季大扫除的传统起源、中外文化背景及生物学原因，说明光照影响褪黑素让人更愿打扫，还提及清洁博主带动风气，建议人们动手清洁。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些春天的迹象也向许多人传递出一个信息：是时候对自家进行一次彻底的清扫了。这一传统可以追溯到古代，象征着从冬眠般的冬季到充满活力的春季的转变。此处root与date为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。【2题详解】考查主语从句。句意：伦敦“家庭博物馆”的馆长玛伦·沃斯说：“我们清扫地板、擦拭表面，这些举动所体现的正是我们对这一传统表示尊重，这一传统将我们与过去几代人紧密相连。”引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，指“这些行为所代表的事”用what引导。故填what。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，新年前夕人们通常会打扫房屋，以期迎来好运。句型Itiscustomarytodosth.表示“做某事是一种习俗”。故填totidy。【4题详解】考查时态语态。句意：过去，人们用木材或煤炭来为房屋供暖。主语homes与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Inthepast可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填wereheated。【5题详解】考查状语从句。句意：在电力得到广泛应用之前，人们使用油灯来照明，因此物体表面会积聚灰尘。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”用before；或表示“直到……为止”用until。故填before/until。【6题详解】考查比较级。句意：褪黑素会使我们变得不那么愿意去整理和清洁自己的空间了。结合句意“褪黑素让人困倦，因此更不愿意打扫空间”，用比较级，在前面加less。故填lesswilling。【7题详解】考查形容词。句意：当季节发生变化时，那种沉闷感会减轻，我们也会重新获得活力，从而有动力对居住环境进行彻底的清洁。作表语，用形容词motivated。故填motivated。【8题详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，清洁具有治愈作用，这一点从那些在社交媒体上风靡一时的“清洁达人”身上就可见一斑。定语从句修饰先行词cleanfluencers，在从句作主语，指人。故填who/that。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：起初只是观看一个简单的视频，但最终却往往会让观众们投入到自己的家务劳动中去。短语startas/with表示“开始于/以……开始”，故填as/with。【10题详解】考查祈使句。句意：如果你最近没去健身房的话，那就先在家里开始锻炼吧，比如先擦窗户和地板。此处为肯定祈使句，应填动词原形。故填start。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.balanceB.breathingC.expandingD.figureE.labeledF.meetingG.precisionH.skilledI.transitionJ.unexpectedK.unfoldedChina’sfirstrobotPekingOperahasdrawnattentionforitscostumes,classicpieces,andtheteam-upbetweenafullymade-uprobotandahumanperformer.VideosfromthefirstshowofFarewellMyConcubine(《霸王别姬》)show“Scholar01,”China’sfirstrobotdoctoralstudent,steppingonstage.Dressedasthehistorical____11____XiangYu,therobotmoves,raisesitsarms,andshiftsitseyestothebeatofmusic,performingalongsideWuXiaofeng,aPekingOperamajor.Thosevideostriggeredwidespreaddiscussion.Forsomeaudience,theperformancewas“fulloffuturisticcharm,”aninventive____12____oftraditionaloperaandcutting-edgetechnology.Othersquestionedwhetheramachine,however____13____,couldtrulybelongonastageforwhichhumanperformershavespenttheirwholelivestraining.Yetwhat____14____onstagetouchedsomethingdeeperthanthenoveltyofarobotinfacepaint.Theinteractionofhumanbreathandmachinecodesuggesteda(n)____15____possibility:Thattechnologymightextendbeyondthelanguagesoftraditionaloperas.Therobot’s____16____addedastrangeclaritytotheuniquemovementsthathavedefinedPekingOperaforcenturies.WenMu,thedirectoroftheperformance,stateditaimedtoofferaglimpseofwhatadata-driveninterpretationoftheformcouldlooklike.Onethatcanberepeated,fine-tunedandbuiltuponinwaysnohumanbodywouldtolerate.Andbeyondthemechanics,theintegrationofroboticsandPekingOperais____17____newlifeintotheancientart,drawinginyoungsters.Aftertheperformance,teenagerswhohadneverwatchedafulltraditionaloperasuddenlyfoundthemselvesdiscussingface-paintingstyles.Whateveronemakesoftheaesthetics(审美),itisclearthattheproductionsucceededin____18____theconversationaroundPekingOpera.ArobotdressedasXiangYudoesofferyoungerandglobalaudiencesanaccessibledoorwayintoadense,centuries-oldtradition.Foraculturalformthatissooften____19____“toodistant,”thisisnosmallachievement.AndperhapsthatiswheretheShanghaiexperimentlandsmostthoughtfullyasareminderthatthefutureofanancientartdependsonhowcarefullyitsdevotedprotectors____20____progressandpreservation.Roboticscanenrichthestage,butitshouldnotreplacethehumaninstinctandemotionalintelligenceonwhichPekingOpera’ssurvivaldepends.【答案】11.D12.F13.H14.K15.J16.G17.B18.C19.E20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕中国首个机器人京剧展开讨论，阐述了机器人与人类演员合作表演《霸王别姬》引发的争议、带来的意义及对传统京剧未来发展的思考。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：机器人装扮成历史人物项羽，随着音乐的节拍移动、举臂、转动眼神，与京剧专业的吴小凤同台表演。空处作介词as的宾语，结合“XiangYu”可知，此处指历史人物，名词figure“人物”符合题意。故选D。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：对一些观众来说，这场表演“充满未来感”，是传统戏曲与尖端技术的创造性结合。空处前有形容词inventive修饰，结合“traditionaloperaandcutting-edgetechnology”可知，此处指传统戏剧和尖端技术的结合，名词meeting“结合；融合”，符合题意。故选F。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：另一些人则质疑，无论一台机器多么熟练，是否真的能登上一个人类演员耗费一生时间训练才能登上的舞台。空处作表语，修饰machine，结合“humanperformershavespenttheirwholelivestraining”可知，此处指熟练程度，形容词skilled“熟练的”，符合题意。故选H。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，舞台上呈现的一切，触动人们的不仅仅是脸上涂着油彩的机器人带来的新奇感。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“onstage

”可知，此处指舞台上呈现的内容，动词unfolded“呈现；展开”，符合题意。故选K。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：人类的气息与机器代码的互动，暗示了一种意想不到的可能性：技术或许能超越传统戏曲的语言。空处修饰名词possibility，结合后文“technologymightextendbeyondthelanguagesoftraditionaloperas”可知，此处指意想不到的可能性，形容词unexpected“意想不到的”符合题意。故选J。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：机器人的精准度为几个世纪以来定义京剧的独特动作增添了一种奇特的清晰度。空处作主语，结合“addedastrangeclaritytotheuniquemovements”可知，此处指机器人的精准度，名词precision“精准度；精确性”符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：除了机械原理之外，机器人技术与京剧的融合正在为这门古老的艺术注入新的活力，吸引着年轻人。空前有is，结合“newlifeintotheancientart”可知，此处指注入活力，动词breathing（此处为现在分词，与is构成现在进行时）“注入；赋予”符合题意。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：无论人们对其审美有何看法，显然这场演出成功地扩大了关于京剧的讨论范围。空处前有介词in，结合“theconversationaroundPekingOpera”可知，此处指扩大了讨论范围，动词expanding（此处为动名词）“扩大；拓展”符合题意。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：对于一种经常被贴上“过于遥远”标签的文化形式来说，这是一项不小的成就。空前有is，结合““toodistant,””可知，此处指被贴上过于遥远的标签，动词labeled（此处为过去分词，与is构成被动语态）“贴标签；把……称为”符合题意。故选E。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：或许，上海的这场实验最具深意的地方在于，它提醒我们，一门古老艺术的未来，取决于其忠实的守护者如何谨慎地平衡进步与保护。空处作谓语，结合“progressandpreservation”可知，此处指品更进步与保护，动词balance“平衡”符合题意。故选A。II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.LettingkidsrunwildoutsideAgroupofchildrenisattemptingtomovealargestickintoplace,discussingwhereitshouldgo.Anotherchildkneelsbesideapuddle(水坑),drawingatreasuremapinthemud.Whatis____21____inthisscene?Therearenoparentsstandingcloseby,tellingthemto“becareful”.Thiskindof____22____adventure—whatsocialmediahascalled“unstructuredchildsummer”—isgainingattention.Astudyfoundchildrenspend35percentlesstimeplayingoutdoorsthantheirparentsdid.Scientistssaythe____23____mattersbecausenatureplayisgoodforexecutivefunction,emotionalregulationandmore.Lettingchildrenspendtheirdaysinwildspacesmaylooksimple,buttothebrain,thesemomentsarea____24____.“Ourresearchshowschildrenallowedtoparticipateinoutdoorplaybecomemoreindependentandself-sufficient,”saysMarthaThorne,aprofessoratQueenMaudUniversityCollege.Sheadds____25____playislinkedtohigherphysicalandmentalwell-being,andchildrenwhotakephysicalrisksoftenbecomebetteratjudgingotherkinds.Thornenotesthiskindofplayoften____26____a“flowstate,”asweetspotwherechallengesareengagingbutnotoverwhelming.Inthisstate,learningpotentialisatitspeak.Shealsonotesnatureplayisoftenmore____27____thanplaygroundinteractionsbecauseitleadstogroupprojects.____28____inevitablyarise,butkidshavestrongermotivationtoworkthemout,buildingskillsthatservethemwellthroughoutlife.Itiswidelyclaimedthatsportsandotherindooractivitieshavetheirbenefits,but____29____themexclusivelymeanskidsaren’tdevelopingexecutivefunctionskillsindependently.Withoutpracticenavigatingtroubleornovelsituationsontheirown,teensandyoungadultsmay____30____whenreallifedoesn’tfollowapattern.It’susuallyeasiertobuildtheseskillsearly,whenbrainsaremost____31____.“Theearlyyearsarereallyformativeyearsforfeelingcomfortableandcapableinnature.”Still,Thorneemphasizes____32____overage.Shesays,“Achildshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandovercomechallengesstep-by-stepbecausethentheylearnhowto____33____risksandhandlethemwithintheirlevel.”Ourexperienceswithnatureinchildhoodhavethepotentialforalifelongimpact.Areviewofschool-ledgreenspaceprogramsfound____34____improvementstostudents’moodandpeerconnection.____35____,playingwithnatureisn’tjustgoodforchildren.It’sgoodforthebalanceofnature.Peoplewhospendtimeinnatureaschildrenaremorelikelytocareforitasadults.21.A.confusing B.alarming C.missing D.disappointing22.A.cautious B.independent C.exclusive D.lonely23.A.return B.progress C.structure D.trend24.A.naturalbreak B.mysteriousworld C.complexnetwork D.trainingground25.A.aimless B.adventurous C.conventional D.demanding26.A.generates B.affects C.requires D.predicts27.A.subjective B.available C.cooperative D.fundamental28.A.Interruptions B.Conflicts C.Solutions D.Details29.A.gettingthrough B.identifyingwith C.longingfor D.relyingon30.A.adapt B.struggle C.regret D.persevere31.A.passive B.receptive C.selective D.objective32.A.speed B.rule C.ability D.nature33.A.escape B.share C.overlook D.weigh34.A.rushed B.sustained C.targeted D.limited35.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.D25.B26.A27.C28.B29.D30.B31.B32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论让孩子在户外自由玩耍的重要性，以及这种无结构化玩耍对孩子身心发展和自然保护的积极影响。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个场景中缺少了什么？A.confusing令人困惑的；B.alarming令人担忧的；C.missing缺少的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“Therearenoparentsstandingcloseby,tellingthemto‘becareful’”可知，此处是问这个场景中缺少了父母在旁边叮嘱的环节。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种独立的冒险——社交媒体所称的“无结构化儿童暑假”——正受到关注。A.cautious谨慎的；B.independent独立的；C.exclusive独有的；D.lonely孤独的。根据前文“Therearenoparentsstandingcloseby,tellingthemto“becareful”.”可知，这种冒险是孩子独立进行的，体现了独立性。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家说这种趋势很重要，因为自然玩耍对执行功能、情绪调节等都有好处。A.return回报；B.progress进步；C.structure结构；D.trend趋势。根据前文“Astudyfoundchildrenspend35percentlesstimeplayingoutdoorsthantheirparentsdid”可知，此处指孩子户外玩耍时间减少这一趋势。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：让孩子在野外度过一天看似简单，但对大脑来说，这些时刻是一个训练场。A.naturalbreak自然休息；B.mysteriousworld神秘世界；C.complexnetwork复杂网络；D.trainingground训练场。根据下文“Ourresearchshowschildrenallowedtoparticipateinoutdoorplaybecomemoreindependentandself-sufficient”可知，户外玩耍能锻炼孩子，对大脑而言是训练场。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，冒险性玩耍与更高的身心健康有关，经常进行身体冒险的孩子往往更善于判断其他类型的风险。A.aimless无目的的；B.adventurous冒险的；C.conventional传统的；D.demanding要求高的。根据后文“childrenwhotakephysicalrisks”可知，此处指冒险性的玩耍。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：索恩指出，这种玩耍通常会产生一种“心流状态”，即挑战具有吸引力但又不会让人难以承受的最佳状态。A.generates产生；B.affects影响；C.requires要求；D.predicts预测。根据后文“ a“flowstate,”

”并结合常识可知，户外玩耍会产生心流状态。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还指出，自然玩耍通常比游乐场互动更具合作性，因为它会促成小组项目。A.subjective主观的；B.available可获得的；C.cooperative合作的；D.fundamental基本的。根据后文“becauseitleadstogroupprojects”可知，自然玩耍更具合作性。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：冲突不可避免地会出现，但孩子们有更强的动力去解决它们，培养对他们一生都有益的技能。A.Interruptions中断；B.Conflicts冲突；C.Solutions解决方案；D.Details细节。根据上文“ becauseitleadstogroupprojects.”和下文“butkidshavestrongermotivationtoworkthemout”可知，此处指小组项目难免会出现冲突，。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们普遍认为体育和其他室内活动有其好处，但仅仅依靠它们意味着孩子们无法独立发展执行功能技能。A.gettingthrough通过；B.identifyingwith认同；C.longingfor渴望；D.relyingon依靠。根据前文“sportsandotherindooractivitieshavetheirbenefits”以及转折词but可知，此处指仅仅依靠这些室内活动是不够的。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有独自应对麻烦或新情况的练习，青少年和年轻人在现实生活不按常规进行时可能会挣扎。A.adapt适应；B.struggle挣扎；C.regret后悔；D.persevere坚持。结合前文“Withoutpracticenavigatingtroubleornovelsituationsontheirown”没有应对新情况的练习，可知遇到不按常规的现实生活时会挣扎。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常在大脑最容易接受的时候，尽早培养这些技能会更容易。A.passive被动的；B.receptive易接受的；C.selective选择性的；D.objective客观的。根据下文“Theearlyyearsarereallyformativeyears”可知，此时大脑最易接受新技能。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，索恩强调能力比年龄更重要。A.speed速度；B.rule规则；C.ability能力；D.nature自然。根据下文“Achildshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandovercomechallengesstep-by-step”可知，孩子应按自身节奏发展，能力比年龄更重要。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“孩子应该按照自己的节奏发展，一步一步地克服挑战，因为这样他们才能学会如何权衡风险，并在自己的能力范围内应对风险。”A.escape逃离；B.share分享；C.overlook忽视；D.weigh权衡。根据后文“handlethemwithintheirlevel”可知，此处指权衡风险。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项对学校主导的绿地项目的回顾发现，学生的情绪和同伴关系有持续的改善。A.rushed匆忙的；B.sustained持续的；C.targeted有针对性的；D.limited有限的。根据上文“Ourexperienceswithnatureinchildhoodhavethepotentialforalifelongimpact.”推测，绿地项目对学生的积极影响是持续的。故选B。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，与自然玩耍不仅对孩子有好处，对自然平衡也有好处。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Otherwise否则。前文讲与自然玩耍对孩子的好处，后文讲对自然平衡的好处，是递进关系，Moreover符合语境。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenIwasabouttostartmyPh.D.studies,Iwasfullofexcitement,nursingafirmbelief:Iwouldbecomeascientist.Onthefirstday,Iimmediatelyfeltoutofplace.ThelaboratorywasfullofshinyinstrumentsIhadonlyeverseenintextbooks.MyteacherhandedmeatubeandaskedmetosetupareactionIhadneverdonebefore.Istayedinthelabuntilmidnight,afraidofbeingleftbehind.Mostofall,Iwashithardbythelanguagebarrier.Iwasusedtoclassestaughtinmymothertongue,buthere,everyonespokeEnglish.Afterthepresentationthatleftmeredintheface,justasIwasconsideringleavingscience,aseniorlabmemberpulledmeaside.“YouarenotherebecauseofyourEnglish,”heremindedme.“Youcameherebecauseyoucanthink.”Hissimplewordsgavemethecouragetocontinue.Icarriedataperecordertoeveryclass,replayingpresentationstofillgaps.MyEnglishprogresswasslowbutsteady.BythetimeIdefendedmyPh.D.,Icouldexpressmyideasclearly,andIhadcometoseemyaccentnotasabarrier,butasapartofmyidentitythatIwasproudof.Myconfidencehadskyrocketed.AftercontinuingtraininginCanadaandtheUS,Ireturnedtomyhomelandtorunmyownlab.Iassumedmystudentswouldn’tsufferfromthelanguagebarrierasIhad.ButgraduallyIsawtheyfacedwiththesamedoubts—anxietyaboutcareer,confusionaboutidentity.Irealizedmyjobwastoteachthemtothinkcriticallyand,mostofall,givethemconfidencetosucceedinscienceandinlife.Oneafternoon,Isawastudentwrestlingwithvarioussamples,herglovedhandscarefullylabelingtubeaftertube,justlikemineusedto.Rememberingmyfrustrationandwhatmylabpartneroncetoldme,Isaid,“Youarenotherebecause38.Youareherebecauseyoucanthink.”Hersmiletoldmeshewasinspiredbythesewords.Today,whatIvaluemostinmyjobisthetransformationIseeinthestudentswhoarrivenervousbutleaveconfidentenoughtochallengeme,theirprofessor.EverytimeIwalkintotheclassroom,Iseeayoungerversionofmyself,andrememberthebridgeIhadtocrosstogetwhereIamtoday.Forme,helpingotherscrossthatbridgeisthetruerewardofscientificlife.36.TheunderlinedphraseoutofplaceinPara.2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.indifferent B.amazed C.relieved D.incompetent37.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sexperienceasaPh.D.?A.Shehadtogiveupduetolanguageandacademicpressure.B.Sheeventuallygainedconfidencetoexpressherselfclearly.C.Shewastheonlynon-nativeEnglishspeakerinherlaboratory.D.Sheacceptedmorehelpfromherteacherthanfromherlabmates.38.Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestfitstheblank38inPara.5?A.yourEnglishisperfect B.youuseshinyinstrumentsC.youwashtubescarefully D.yourexperimentsalwayswork39.Whatmoraldoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthestory?A.Languagebarriersarethebiggestchallengeinscientificresearch.B.Returningtoone’shomelandisthefundamentalgoalforscientists.C.Ascientist’struerewardliesinbuildingthenextgeneration’sconfidence.D.Hardworkanddeterminationareessentialforasuccessfulscientificcareer.【答案】36.D37.B38.A39.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者读博时因语言与学术压力受挫，学长的话让其坚持。学成归国后，她用同样的话鼓励学生，认为助力后辈成长是科研最大收获。【36题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“ThelaboratorywasfullofshinyinstrumentsIhadonlyeverseenintextbooks.MyteacherhandedmeatubeandaskedmetosetupareactionIhadneverdonebefore.(实验室里摆满了闪闪发光的仪器，这些仪器我只在教科书里见过。老师递给我一个试管，让我进行一个我之前从未做过过的化学反应实验)”可知，仪器陌生、实验不会做，感到力不从心，说明格格不入。故划线词意思是“格格不入的”。故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“BythetimeIdefendedmyPh.D.,Icouldexpressmyideasclearly,andIhadcometoseemyaccentnotasabarrier,butasapartofmyidentitythatIwasproudof.(在我完成博士论文答辩的时候，我已经能够清晰地表达自己的想法了，而且我也开始不再将自己的口音视为一种障碍，而是将其视为一种让我引以为傲的个人特质)”可知，作者作为博士的经历最终获得了清晰表达自我的信心。故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““YouarenotherebecauseofyourEnglish,”heremindedme.“Youcameherebecauseyoucanthink.”(“你来这里并非因为你的英语水平，”他提醒我说，“你之所以来这儿，是因为你有思考的能力。”)”可知，作者现在用同样的逻辑鼓励遇到同样困境的学生，只有A选项（你的英语很完美）和原文的“英语”话题对应，故最适合填入“你的英语非常出色”，故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“EverytimeIwalkintotheclassroom,Iseeayoungerversionofmyself,andrememberthebridgeIhadtocrosstogetwhereIamtoday.Forme,helpingotherscrossthatbridgeisthetruerewardofscientificlife.(每次走进教室，我都会看到一个更年轻的自己，并回想起为了走到今天这一步所必须跨越的那座桥梁。对我而言，帮助他人跨越这座桥梁才是科学研究生涯的真正意义所在)”可知，作者通过这个故事想要表达一位科学家真正的回报在于培养下一代人的信心。故选C。(B)40.WhichofthefollowingisincludedintheLifeBookservice?A.Aguaranteedminimumof200pagesperbook.B.Acompleteaudiorecordingofyourlifestories.C.A20-hourin-personinteractionstogatheryourstories.D.Afamilyjourneyfeaturinginterest-freepaymentplans.41.WhoismostlikelytobeinterestedinLifeBook’sservice?A.Auniversitystudentstudyingwritingskills.B.Aprofessionalwriterseekingapublisherforanovel.C.Acompanyplanningtopublishabookaboutitshistory.D.Apersonhopingtorecordlifeexperiencesforgrandchildren.42.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A.Formalandserious. B.Criticalandwarning.C.Persuasiveandwarm. D.Humorousandcasual.【答案】40.C41.D42.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了LifeBook提供的私人自传撰写服务，包括专家采访、书籍制作等服务内容，旨在吸引人们为家人记录人生故事。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第三段“LetLifeBooktakecareofeverything,withexpertwritersandinterviewerscapturingyourexperiencesoveramemorablesix-monthjourney.(让LifeBook帮你记录下这段难忘的六个月旅程，让专家作家和采访者记录下你的经历。)”及其下方“20hoursofface-to-faceinterviews(20小时面对面访谈)”可知，LifeBook服务包括20小时的面对面互动来收集故事。故选C。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据文中第二段“Imagineyourveryownprivateautobiography.Allyourstoriesinabeautifullydesignedbookforthewholefamilytoenjoyforever.(想象一下你私人的自传。你所有的故事都在一本设计精美的书中，让全家永远珍藏。)”以及文章最后“Startyourjourneytoday,andgiveyourfamilythegiftofyourlife(今天就开启你的旅程，把你人生的礼物送给家人)”可知，这项服务是为个人记录人生经历、留给家人的。因此，D选项“一个希望为孙辈记录人生经历的人”最有可能感兴趣。故选D。【42题详解】推理判断题。文中使用“Imagineyourveryownprivateautobiography.Allyourstoriesinabeautifullydesignedbookforthewholefamilytoenjoyforever.(想象一下你私人的自传。你所有的故事都在一本设计精美的书中，让全家永远珍藏。)”、“Greatfamilygift!(绝佳的家庭礼物！)”和“Startyourjourneytoday,andgiveyourfamilythegiftofyourlife,beautifullypreservedforever.(今天就开启你的旅程，把你人生的礼物送给家人，精美保存到永远。)”等语言，既具有说服力(劝说读者购买服务)，又充满温情(强调家庭和珍藏)。因此，语气是“说服性和温暖的”。故选C。(C)Understandingasimple-lookingsentencesuchas“Ireadthisarticle”actuallyrequiressomecomplicatedconceptualcomputation.Butthehumanbrainroutinelydoesthisworknearlyimmediatelybasedonthelanguage’sgrammaticalrules,sayslinguist(语言学家)ClaraBeckettintheNetherlands.AndBeckett’steamhasnowfoundthatthehumanbrainaccommodatesfundamentalgrammaticaldifferencesacrosslanguagesbyadjustinghowitprocesseseachsentence.ForarecentstudyinPLOSBiology,theresearchersobservedvariationsinDutch-speakingparticipants’brainwaveswhiletheylistenedtoaDutch-languageaudiobook.Tovisualizethesechanges,thescientistsquantifyhowmanynew“predictions”thebrainmakesofwordsthatcouldcomenextinasentence.Thisframeworkwasthentestedagainstthreedifferentparsingstrategies,orlinguisticmodelsthatillustratehowthebrainbuildsinformationovertime.PreviousEnglish-basedstudieswithasimilarsetupconcludedinfavorofamodelwherelisteners“waitandsee”howeachphraseinasentencewillendbeforeinterpretingit.ButtheDutchspeakersinBeckett’sstudyleanedstronglytowardahighlypredictivemodel;participantstendedtofinisheachphraseintheirheadbeforeitwascomplete.(Athirdmodel,inwhichlistenerswaittohearallthephrasesinasentencebeforeinterpretinganypartofit,isseldomusedineitherlanguage.)InDutchlanguagestructure,verbscomeneartheendofasentenceratherthanimmediatelyafterthesubjectliketheydoinEnglish,explainsstudyleadauthorLindeninNewYorkUniversity.Forinstance,“‘Iateacookiewithchocolate’inDutchwouldbe‘Ithecookiewithchocolateate.’Youwouldhavetowaitverylongfortheverbtocome,”Lindensays.“Andthat’sprobablyunrealisticallylate;you’reprobablymuchmorepredictiveinprocessing”thesentence.Neitherparsingstrategyisnecessarily“betterorworse”thantheother,Lindenadds.“Itjusthappenstobesuitedtothelanguagepeopleareprocessing.Soweseemtobequiteflexibleinthatyoumightprocessonelanguagedifferentlyfromanothersimplybecausetheyhavedifferentproperties.”Thefindingssupporttheneedforscientiststoincorporatemorediversitywhencraftinglinguisticmodels,saysZiningQiu,alinguistwhowasnotinvolvedinthenewstudy.HerownworkhasillustratedhowdifferentbrainregionsactivatewhenprocessingEnglishorChinesesentencesbecauseoftheirdifferinglinguisticproperties.IfthesestudiesaredoneonlyinEnglish-speakingadults,shesays,crucialdifferencesinprocessingwillbemissed.Qiumaintainsthatthislimitationdefeatsthepurposeofthemodels,whicharemeanttoprovidearealisticpictureofhumanlanguage-basedthinking.Diversifyingsubjectsinstudiesofhowthebrainprocesseslanguage“isgoingtohelpuscapturehowthebrainisunderstandingthestructuredmeaningoflanguage,andthesocialutilityoflanguage,inmanydifferentways,”Beckettsays.“There’ssomuchyettobeunderstoodinthebrain.”43.Whichofthefollowingsituationsbestshowstheresultofconceptualcomputation(Para.1)?A.Achildrepeats“kangaroo”afterhearingitfromhermother.B.Alistenerinstantlyknowswhodidwhatin“Dadmadepizza”.C.Astudenttakesnotestobreakdownacomplicatedargument.D.Aprocessortotalsthenumberofwordsinasentenceinnotime.44.ThelinguisticmodelinDutchishighlypredictivebecause_______.A.Dutchverbsarrivelate,forcingthebraintopredictearlyB.Dutch-languageaudiobookshelpvisualizethemeaningC.DutchspeakersusevariousmodelstoanalyzesentencesD.Dutchlisteners“waitandsee”howeachphrasewillend45.ZiningQiuwouldmostlikelyagreethat_______.A.English-basedstudieshavehugescientificvalueB.existinglinguisticmodelsmaynotapplyuniversallyC.onlynon-EnglishlanguagesdeservefurtherinvestigationD.findingsfromDutchspeakerscontradictpreviousresearch46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Europeangrammarrules B.UnderstandingthebrainC.ComparingDutchandEnglish D.Languageonthemind【答案】43.B44.A45.B46.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍语言学家克拉拉·贝克特团队的研究发现：人类大脑会根据语言的语法规则，对看似简单的句子进行复杂的概念计算，并通过调整处理方式来适应不同语言的基本语法差异。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Understandingasimple-lookingsentencesuchas“Ireadthisarticle”actuallyrequiressomecomplicatedconceptualcomputation.Butthehumanbrainroutinelydoesthisworknearlyimmediatelybasedonthelanguage’sgrammaticalrules,sayslinguist(语言学家)ClaraBeckettintheNetherlands.(像“我读了这篇文章”这种看似简单的句子，想要真正理解它，其实需要进行一些复杂的概念运算。但荷兰语言学家克拉拉・贝克特表示，人类大脑几乎总是能依据语言的语法规则，瞬间完成这一过程)”可知，概念计算是大脑基于语法规则对句子进行理解的过程。B选项“Alistenerinstantlyknowswhodidwhatin‘Dadmadepizza’.(听众立刻知道在‘爸爸做了披萨’这句话中谁做了什么)”，听众能基于语法规则快速理解句子含义，体现了概念计算的结果，故选B项。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“InDutchlanguagestructure,verbscomeneartheendofasentenceratherthanimmediatelyafterthesubjectliketheydoinEnglish,explainsstudyleadauthorLindeninNewYorkUniversity.Forinstance,“‘Iateacookiewithchocolate’inDutchwouldbe‘Ithecookiewithchocolateate.’Youwouldhavetowaitverylongfortheverbtocome,”Lindensays.“Andthat’sprobablyunrealisticallylate;you’reprobablymuchmorepredictiveinprocessing”thesentence.(纽约大学该研究