2026中考英语词形转换规则梳理

2026中考英语词形转换规则梳理一、词性转换动词→名词1.v.+-er/-or/-r,表示相应动作的人或者职业design→designerfight→fighterinterview→interviewerlead→leaderlisten→listenerown→ownerpaint→painterplay→playerreport→reportersing→singersleep→sleeperspeak→speakerwork→workeract→actordirect→directorinvent→inventorvisit→visitordance→dancerdive→diverdrive→driverexplore→explorerlove→lovermanage→managerwrite→writerrun→runnertravel→traveler/travellerwin→winner2.v.+-ing,表示相应动作的名词build→buildingcook→cookingdraw→drawingmeet→meetingpaint→paintingread→readingwalk→walkinghike→hikingskate→skatingwrite→writingbegin→beginningski→skiingswim→swimming3.v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion,大多为抽象名词act→actioncollect→collectionconnect→connectioncorrect→correctiondirect→directioninvent→inventionprotect→protectionsuggest→suggestionexplain→explanationcelebrate→celebrationcommunicate→communicationcongratulate→congratulationcreate→creationdonate→donationeducate→educationintroduce→introductioninvite→invitationpollute→pollutionproduce→productiondiscuss→discussionexpress→expressionoperate→operationcompete→competitionconsider→considerationexamine→examinationimagine→imaginationorganize→organizationcompose→compositionpronounce→pronunciationdescribe→descriptiondecide→decision4.v.+-ment,大多为抽象名词achieve→achievementagree→agreementdevelop→developmentenjoy→enjoymentexcite→excitementimprove→improvementmove→movementpunish→punishmenttreat→treatment5.其他act→actressappear→appearancechoose→choicedie→deathdiscover→discoveryfail→failuremarry→marriageserve→servicesucceed→successthink→thoughtweigh→weight动词→形容词1.v.+-ing/-ed（“v.+-ing”类形容词表示“令人……的”，修饰物；“v.+-ed”类形容词表示“……的”，修饰人）amaze→amazing/amazedbore→boring/boredexcite→exciting/excitedplease→pleasing/pleasedsurprise→surprising/surprisedtire→tiring/tiredfrighten→frightening/frightenedinterest→interesting/interestedrelax→relaxing/relaxedsatisfy→satisfying/satisfied2.v.+-fulcare→carefulcheer→cheerfulforce→forcefulhelp→helpfulregret→regretful3.v.+-tiveact→activecreate→creativecompare→comparative4.其他die→deadlive→alivesleep→asleepwake→awake名词→形容词1.n.+-y,多为表示天气的形容词cloud→cloudyrain→rainysnow→snowywind→windyhealth→healthyluck→luckysalt→saltysleep→sleepysun→sunnyfog→foggyfun→funnynoise→noisytaste→tastyshine→shiny2.n.+-fulcare→carefulcheer→cheerfulcolour/color→colourful/colorfulharm→harmfulhelp→helpfuljoy→joyfulmeaning→meaningfulpeace→peacefulpower→powerfulsuccess→successfuluse→usefulwonder→wonderfulbeauty→beautiful3.n.+-aleducation→educationalmusic→musicalperson→personaltradition→traditionalcentre→centralculture→culturalnature→naturalpractice→practical4.n.+-less,为相应形容词的反义词care→carelessend→endlessharm→harmlesshelp→helplesshome→homelesshope→hopelessmeaning→meaninglessuse→useless5.n.+-ly,多为表示时间的形容词week→weeklyfriend→friendlylove→lovelyday→daily6.n.+-en,多为表示物体的形容词gold→goldenwood→wooden7.n.+-ern，多为表示方位的形容词east→easternsouth→southernwest→westernnorth→northern8.n.+-ous,多为抽象意义的形容词courage→courageousdanger→dangeroushumor→humorous9.n.+-ablefashion→fashionableknowledge→knowledgeablevalue→valuable10.表示国家的名词变形容词America→AmericanBritain→BritishEngland→EnglishFrance→FrenchChina→ChineseJapan→Japanese11.其他energy→energeticfool→foolishhunger→hungrypride→proud名词→名词1.n.+-ist,表示相应的职业art→artisttour→touristviolin→violinistpiano→pianistscience→scientist2.n.+-ian,表示相应的职业music→musicianlibrary→librarian3.其他birth→birthdayclass→classmatefarm→farmerfriend→friendship形容词→副词1.adj.+-lybeautiful→beautifullybrave→bravelybright→brightlycareful→carefullyclear→clearlycorrect→correctlydeep→deeplydifferent→differentlyfinal→finallypolite→politelyquick→quicklyrecent→recentlyregular→regularlysafe→safelyslow→slowlyusual→usuallywide→widely2.变y为i+-lyeasy→easilyhappy→happilyheavy→heavilylucky→luckilyunlucky→unluckily3.去e+-ypossible→possiblyprobable→probablysimple→simply形容词→名词1.adj.+-nessill→illnesskind→kindnesssad→sadnesssick→sicknesshappy→happiness2.adj.+-y/-ty/-itysafe→safetydifficult→difficultyelectric→electricitypossible→possibilityimpossible→impossibility3.变t为ceabsent→absenceconfident→confidencedifferent→differenceexcellent→excellenceimportant→importancepatient→patience4.其他basic→basisforeign→foreignerstrange→strangerfree→freedomhigh→heightmedical→medicinedeep→depthtrue→truthsocial→societyyoung→youth二、词形变化动词变化表动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。具体变化规则如下：1.规则变化变化类型情况变化规则举例动词原形→第三人称单数一般情况加-shelp→helpsimprove→improves以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-esguess→guesses fix→fixesteach→teaches go→goeswash→washes以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-esfly→fliesstudy→studies动词原形→过去式→过去分词一般情况加-edhelp→helped→helpedwalk→walked→walked以不发音的e结尾加-dlive→lived→livedpromise→promised→promised以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-edtry→tried→triedcarry→carried→carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节双写该辅音字母，再加-edplan→planned→plannedstop→stopped→stopped动词原形→现在分词一般情况加-ingread→readingfeel→feeling以不发音的e结尾去e，再加-inglive→livingwrite→writing以ie结尾的单音节词变ie为y，再加-ingdie→dyinglie→lying以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节双写该辅音字母，再加-ingstop→stoppingrun→running2.不规则变化（1）AAA型（10个）原形过去式过去分词含义costcostcost花费cutcutcut砍；切hithithit击；打hurthurthurt受伤letletlet让putputput放readreadread读setsetset放置shutshutshut关闭spreadspreadspread传播（2）ABB型（39个）原形过去式过去分词含义buildbuiltbuilt建造bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买catchcaughtcaught抓住digdugdug挖feedfedfed喂养feelfeltfelt觉得fightfoughtfought打架；战斗findfoundfound发现getgotgot得到hanghunghung悬挂havehadhad有hearheardheard听见holdheldheld举办；容纳keepkeptkept保持laylaidlaid放置；下蛋leadledled领路leaveleftleft离开lendlentlent借出loselostlost失去makemademade制造；使meanmeantmeant意思是meetmetmet遇见paypaidpaid付费saysaidsaid说sellsoldsold卖sendsentsent发送；邮寄shootshotshot射击sitsatsat坐sleepsleptslept睡觉spendspentspent花费standstoodstood站stickstuckstuck粘贴sweepsweptswept扫teachtaughttaught教telltoldtold告诉thinkthoughtthought想；认为under-standunder-stoodunder-stood理解winwonwon赢（3）ABA型（3个）原形过去式过去分词含义becomebecamebecome变成comecamecome来runranrun跑（4）ABC型（36个）原形过去式过去分词含义be（am,is）wasbeen是be（are）werebeen是beginbeganbegun开始blowblewblown吹breakbrokebroken破碎；损坏choosechosechosen选择dodiddone做drawdrewdrawn画drinkdrankdrunk喝drivedrovedriven驾驶eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下flyflewflown飞forgetforgotforgotten忘记givegavegiven给gowentgone去growgrewgrown生长hidehidhidden躲藏knowknewknown知道lielaylain躺mistakemistookmistaken弄错rideroderidden骑ringrangrung按铃；打电话riseroserisen升起seesawseen看见shakeshookshaken摇摆showshowedshown展示singsangsung唱speakspokespoken说话stealstolestolen偷swimswamswum游泳taketooktaken拿throwthrewthrown抛；扔wakewokewoken醒wearworeworn穿writewrotewritten写（5）过去式和过去分词有两种形式的动词（8个）原形过去式过去分词含义burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃烧dreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamed做梦learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned学习lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃shineshone/shinedshone/shined发光smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled嗅，闻speedsped/speededsped/speeded加速spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled拼写（6）需双写最后一个字母变现在分词、动名词的动词（8个）原形现在分词/动名词含义beginbeginning开始cutcutting切；割runrunning跑；奔跑shopshopping购物sitsitting坐stopstopping停；停止；阻止swimswimming游泳；游winwinning获胜；赢可数名词单数变复数的变化规则1.规则变化表构成方法举例一般情况加-sstar→stars；gift→gifts；invention→inventions以字母s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加-esclass→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；watch→watches特例：stomach→stomachs以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esleaf→leaves；knife→knives；shelf→shelves；wife→wives特例：roof→roofs;proof→proofs;belief→beliefs以辅音字母加y结尾的词先变y为i，再加-esparty→parties;baby→babies；story→stories;family→families以元音字母加y结尾的词加-skey→keys；holiday→holidays;monkey→monkeys以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词加-sface→faces；license→licenses；prize→prizes；orange→oranges以o结尾且表示有生命的加-es，表示无生命的加-stomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes;photo→photos；piano→pianos2.不规则变化表构成方法举例改变元音字母man→men；woman→women特例：German→Germans；human→humans单复数同形sheep→sheep；deer→deer；fish→fish;Chinese→Chinese；Japanese→Japanese其他形式mouse→mice；child→children;ox→oxen3.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词名词可数不可数名词可数不可数chicken小鸡鸡肉orange橙子橙汁experience经历经验paper试卷；论文纸exercise练习锻炼radio收音机无线电glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间iron熨斗铁time次数；倍数时间life生命生活wood树林木头；木材light电灯光；光线work作品工作加前缀un-/dis-/im-变反义词1.加un-able→unablecomfortable→uncomfortablefair→unfairfriendly→unfriendlyhappy→unhappylike→unlikelucky→unluckynecessary→unnecessarypleasant→unpleasantpopular→unpopularusual→unusual2.加dis-appear→disappearcover→discoverhonest→dishonestlike→dislike3.加im-patient→impatientpolite→impolitepossible→impossible形容词、副词比较等级变化表1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾直接加-er,-esthighyounghigheryoungerhighestyoungest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r,-stlatenicelargelaternicerlargerlatestnicestlargest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er,-esthappyhealthyhappierhealthierhappiesthealthiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostimportantcarefulmoreimportantmorecarefulmostimportantmostcareful2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/bad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furt