甘肃省靖远县高考5月联考三模英语试题含听力

2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语冲刺卷本试卷共150分考试时间120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Returnsomebooks. B.Borrowabook. C.Buysomefruit.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtothelibrary.ThesebooksIborrowedlastmontharedue.W:Canyoutakemealong?Iwanttobuysomefruitinthenewsupermarketnearby.M:Sure.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthemanplantodealwithhislivingroom?A.Bychangingitswindows. B.Byrepaintingit. C.Byaddingmorespace.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mthinkingofreconstructingmylivingroom.W:That’sgreat.Largerwindowsandafreshcoatofpaintcanmakeabigdifference.M:ActuallyI’mthinkingofknockingdownawalltocreatemorespace.W:That’llbeabigproject.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Lookingforbags. B.Checkingout. C.Askingfordirections.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Goodafternoon.Didyoufindeverythingyouwerelookingfortoday?M:Yeah.Ithinkso.W:Wouldyoulikeanybagsforyourgroceries?Wehavereusableonesavailableifyouprefer.M:That’sfine,thanks.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers. B.Clerkandcustomer. C.Policemanandpasserby.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’msorrytobotheryou,butI’velostmyphone.Haveyouseenonearoundhere?M:Ohno.I’msorrytohearthatbutIthinkyoucancheckwiththereceptiondesk.TheymighthaveLostandFound.W:Soundsgood.Thankyouverymuch.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onabus. B.Attheman’shome. C.Inataxi.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.Wouldyouliketositdown?W:Oh.Thankyou,youngman.Youremindmeofmygrandson.Heisalsoveryconsiderate.M:It’snotroubleatall.Haveafortableride.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatshouldthemandofirsttoregisteratrademark?A.Chooseamark. B.Findarepresentative. C.Preparerelevantdocuments.7.What’sthedurationofthetrademarkprotection?A.Threeyears. B.Fiveyears. C.Tenyears.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:HowcanIhelpyou?M:Hello,couldyougivemeabriefaccountofthetrademarkregistrationhere?W:Withpleasure.Toregisteratrademark,selectingamarkistheveryfirststepintheoverallprocess.ThenyoushouldentrustarepresentativefromtheTrademarkOfficetogothroughtheprocess.You’llhavetoprepareandsubmitanapplicationandacertificateofnationality.M:HowlongdoIhavetowaittogettheapproval?W:Abouttwoorthreemonths.M:Howlongwilltheregisteredtrademarkremainvalid?W:Tenyearsfromthedateofregistration.Youhavetoapplyforarenewalwithinfivemonthsbeforeit’sdue.M:NowIamclearabouttheprocedure.Thanksalot.W:Youarewele.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatistheactivityforthemunitytreeplantingday?A.Plantingsometrees. B.Creatinganewpark. C.Teachinggardeningskills.9.Whatarevolunteersaskedtobring?A.Someropes. B.Gardeninggloves. C.Youngtrees.10.Whatwillthemandotohelpwiththeinitiative?A.Makeaplan. B.Introducespecifictrees. C.Trytogetmorevolunteers.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】M:Themunitytreeplantingdayisafantasticinitiative.What’stheplan?W:We’reaimingtoplant100treesinthelocalparktoenhancegreeneryandbiodiversity.M:That’sanambitiousgoal.Howmanyvolunteersdowehavesofar?W:About50peoplehavesignedup,andwe’reexpectingmore.M:Aretherespecifictypesoftreesbeingplanted?W:Yes,we’refocusingonnativespeciesthataresuitableforourclimateandsupportlocalwildlife.M:Whatshouldvolunteersbringontheday?W:Justgardeningglovesandenthusiasm.We’llprovidetoolsandyoungtrees.M:Howarewespreadingthewordtogetmorevolunteers?W:Throughsocialmedia,munitynewsletters,andlocalschoolsandbusinesses.M:Icanhelpwiththat.Thiseventwillreallybenefitourmunityandenvironment.W:That’sthespirit,Jack!Together,wecanmakeasignificantimpact.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whoisgoingonthetripwiththewoman?A.Herdaughter. B.Herparents. C.Herfriends.12.Howlongwillthewoman’striplast?A.Foraboutoneweek. B.Forabouttwoweeks. C.Foraboutamonth.13.Whatactivitiesareplannedduringthetrip?A.Shoppinganddining. B.Attendingconcerts. C.Hikingandsurfing.【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M:HiEmma,Ihearyou’replanningaroadtrip.Whereareyougoing?W:Yes,I’mplanningtodrivealongthecoast.It’sbeenonmywishlistforyears.M:Thatsoundsexciting.Areyougoingalone?W:No,acoupleoffriendsarejoiningme.We’replanningtocampatdifferentspotsalongtheway.M:Campingsoundsfun.Haveyoudecidedontheplacesyou’llvisit?W:Mostly,yes.We’llstartwiththebeachtownsandthenheadtothenationalparks.M:Whataboutthedurationofthetrip?W:We’reaimingforabouttwoweeks.Thatshouldgiveusenoughtimetoexploreandrelax.M:That’sadecentamountoftime.Areyouplanninganyactivities?W:Definitely.Wewanttotryhikingandmaybesomesurfingtoo.M:Soundslikeanadventure.Haveagreattrip!W:Thanks.We’rereallylookingforwardtoit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Howisthewomanlearningtoplaytheguitar?A.Inamusicschool. B.Throughonlineclasses. C.Byteachingherself.15.Whatdoesthewomanfindchallengingaboutlearning?A.Readingmusic. B.Positioningthefinger. C.Choosingthecourse.16.Howoftendoesthewomanpracticeplayingtheguitar?A.Everyday. B.Onceaweek. C.Everyweekend.【答案】14.B15.B16.A【解析】【原文】M:Ihearyou’relearningtoplaytheguitar.How’sthatgoing?W:It’sgoingprettywell.M:Whattypeofmusicareyoulearningtoplay?W:Rightnow,I’mfocusingonacousticsongs.They’resimplerforbeginners.M:Areyoutakingclassesorlearningonyourown?W:I’mtakingonlineclasses.They’reflexibleandfitwellwithmyschedule.M:That’sconvenient.Doyoupracticeoften?W:Yes,Itrytopracticeeveryday,evenifit’sjustforalittlewhile.M:Haveyoufacedanychallengeswhilelearning?W:Definitely.Gettingthefingerpositioningrightistough,butI’mgettingthere.M:Doyouhaveanyfavoritesongsyoucanplay?W:Icanplayafewsimplesongs.WonderwallbyOasisismyfavoritesofar.M:Itsoundslikeyou’remakinggoodprogress.W:Ihopeso.It’safunandrewardinghobby.M:Keepatit,Mia.You’llmakegreatprogressinnotime.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whobenefitmostfromthehighintensityphysicalactivityinthestudy?A.Middleagedmen. B.Middleagedwomen. C.Youngwomen.18.Howmanymenwereinvolvedinthestudy?A.22,368. B.13,018. C.9,350.19.Whatisanexampleofstructuredexercise?A.Carryingshoppingbags. B.Goingtothegym. C.Briefpowerwalking.20.Howdidtheresearchersmonitorparticipants’health?A.Throughparticipants’selfreports.B.Throughhealthtrackers.C.Throughhospitalrecords.【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】W:Anaverageoffourminutesofrandomhighintensityphysicalactivityadaycouldreducetheriskofmajordiseases,suchasheartattacks,formiddleagedwomenwhodonotengageinstructuredexercise,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudydrewondatafrom22,368participants(13,018womenand9,350men)aged4079whoreportedtheydidnotengageinregularstructuredexercise.Forthepurposesofthisstory,physicalactivityisrandom,e.g.carryingshoppingbagsorbriefpowerwalking,andexerciseisstructured,e.g.goingtothegym.ThedatawascollectedfromtheUKBiobank,whoseparticipantsworephysicalactivitytrackersforalmost24hoursadayfor7daysbetween2013and2015.Theirhealthwasmonitoredthroughhospitalrecords,trackingmajordiseases,suchasheartattacks,strokes,andheartfailure,untilNovember2022.Afteradjustingforfactorssuchaslifestyles,socioeconomicpositionsandcoexistingconditions,theresearchersfoundthatthemorehighintensityphysicalactivitywomendiddaily,thelowertheirriskofamajordisease.However,mengotfewerbenefitsfromtinyburstsofhighintensityphysicalactivity.Researcherssaidmoretestingwasneededtounderstandhowrandomhighintensityphysicalactivitymayimprovehealth.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AKing’sCollege,oneofthe31collegesthatmakeuptheUniversityofCambridge,iseasilyrecognisableasoneofthemostfamoussightsforitsarchitectureinCambridge.LyingbetweenKing’sParadeandtheRiverCam,thecollegewasfoundedin1441byHenryVI.ThebuildingisregardedasoneofthegreatestexamplesoflateGothicEnglishArchitecture.DuringtheCambridgeandKing’sCollege&ChapelTour,ourexpertguideswilltakeyouonanenjoyabletourofKing’sCollege—fullofinterestinghistoricalfactsandfascinatingstories.Someofthehighlightsinclude:·Thechapelthattook100yearstoplete·King’sCollegeChapel—thefinestexampleofPerpendicularGothicArchitectureinEurope·Themagnificentfanvaultedceiling,largestofitstypeintheworld·Themostpletesetof16thcenturystainedglassInaddition,youwillseemoreiconicsightssuchastheSenateHouse,theOldCavendishLaboratory,GonvilleandCaiusCollege,theCorpusClockandmuch.TourdetailsToursruneverySaturdayat1pmwithadditionaldaysanddatesaddedfromEaster.Advancebookingisadvised.Toursare90minuteslong.Tourscost£35perperson(£25perchild).ThisincludesyourentrancetickettoKing’sCollege.OurCambridgeHighlightsandKing’sCollegepublicwalkingtoursdepartfromTheCambridgeTouristInformationCentre11Guildhall,PeasHill,CambridgeCB23PP.Pleasearrive10minutesbeforeyourtourisduetostart.Yourguideswillmakethemselvesknowntoyou.TheywillbewearingtheofficialGreenorBlueBadgestoshowtheyarequalifiedguides.Contact:/sales@cantabtours21.WhatisthemostremarkablefeatureofKing’sCollegeChapel?A.The16thcenturystainedglass.B.ThePerpendicularGothicArchitecture.C.Themoneyofferedtobuildthechapel.D.Thehugeclock.22.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthetourdetails?A.Thetouris2hourslong.B.Thetoursareonlyavailableduringthesummer.C.ThetourincludesanentrancetickettoKing’sCollege.D.Thetourguideswearbadgesindicatingtheirexperience.23.Whattimeshouldvisitorsarrivebeforethestartofthetour?A.5minutesearly. B.10minutesearly.C.15minutesearly. D.20minutesearly.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了剑桥大学国王学院及其教堂之旅的相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Someofthehighlightsinclude部分的“King’sCollegeChapel—thefinestexampleofPerpendicularGothicArchitectureinEurope.(国王学院教堂是欧洲垂直哥特式建筑的最佳典范。)”可知，国王学院教堂最显著的特点是垂直哥特式建筑。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Tourdetails部分的“Tourscost£35perperson(£25perchild).ThisincludesyourentrancetickettoKing’sCollege.(旅行费用为每人35英镑（儿童25英镑）。这包括你进入国王学院的门票。)”可知，这次旅行包括一张进入国王学院的门票。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Tourdetails部分的“Pleasearrive10minutesbeforeyourtourisduetostart.(请在旅行开始前10分钟到达。)”可知，游客应该在旅行开始前提前10分钟到达。故选B。BVickyLee,thefounderandheadcoachofSlaminTennis&Fitness,beganhertennisjourneyatayoungage.Justlikemanyofus,shestartedbyhittingaballagainstawall.Herparents,whowerealsotennisplayers,encouragedhertotakelessonsatalocalclubafterfindingaflyerinthemail.LookinguptoSteffiGrafandAndreAgassiasherrolemodels,Vickyworkedhard,trainingupto25hoursaweek,tobeeanexcellentplayer.Vicky’sdedicationpaidoffwhenshereceivedafullscholarshiptoMarshallUniversityintheUSA.Shechosetheuniversitybecauseitallowedhertobalanceprofessionalskilldevelopmentwithherstudies.Thisbecameakeymomentinherlife.AtMarshall,Vickyexcelled,beingaWomen’sTennisAssociation(WTA)worldrankingholderandacertifiedprofessionalcoach.However,asevereinjuryendedherpetitivecareer,leadinghertostartanewchapterasacoach.Asacoach,Vickyenjoysmeetingnewpeopleandhelpingplayersgrow,bothonandoffthecourt.Herprogram,SlaminTennis,encouragesyoungcoachesandworkswith16localschoolstoteachtennistochildren.Vickymitstocreatingindividualpathwaysforplayers,suchasunder10andunder12groups,andgettingthemintopetitionsearlytodeveloptheirskills.Vicky’spassionfortennisisevidentinherawards,includingtheTennisVictoria’sExcellenceinCoachAwardandtheTCAVCoachoftheYear.What’smoreimpressiveishermitmenttoinclusiveness(包容),providingopportunitiesforpeoplewithdisabilitiesthroughspecialprograms.Havingexperiencedexclusionduetoavisionprobleminherchildhood,Vickyisastrongadvocateforinclusioninsports.Vicky’slovefortennisismatchedbyherloveforinspiringyoungpeopleandmakingthemfeelvalued.Outsideoftennis,shealsoenjoysmountainbikeriding.Heruniquejourneyfromplayertocoachtofoundershowsherdedicationtothesportandtocreatingawelingenvironmentforallplayers.24.HowdidVickyLeestarthertennisjourney?A.Bylearningfromthetoptennisplayers.B.BywatchingtennismatchesonTV.C.Byplayingwithfriendsataclub.D.Bypracticinghittingaballalone.25.WhatmarkedthekeyturningpointinVickyLee’stennisjourney?A.CoachinganOlympicteam.B.WinningthefirstWTA’stitle.C.GettingascholarshiptoaUSuniversity.D.Acquiringprofessionalqualificationfortennis.26.WhatcanweknowaboutVickyLee’sapproachtocoaching?A.Shefocusesmainlyonyoungcoaches.B.Shevalueswinningmatchesmorethanpersonalgrowth.C.Shepreferstoworkwithprofessionalathletes.D.Sheemphasizesearlyskilldevelopmentinyoungplayers.27.WhydoesVickyLeeadvocateinclusivenessinhercoaching?A.Toavoidpetitionamongplayers.B.Toensureallplayersfeelweleandvalued.C.Tocooperatemainlywithexperiencedcoaches.D.Toincreasethenumberofparticipantsinherprograms.【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了网球教练VickyLee的网球生涯及执教理念。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Justlikemanyofus,shestartedbyhittingaballagainstawall.(就像我们许多人一样，她从对着墙击球开始。)”可知，VickyLee是通过独自练习击球开始她的网球之旅的。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Vicky’sdedicationpaidoffwhenshereceivedafullscholarshiptoMarshallUniversityintheUSA.Shechosetheuniversitybecauseitallowedhertobalanceprofessionalskilldevelopmentwithherstudies.Thisbecameakeymomentinherlife.(Vicky的付出得到了回报，她获得了美国马歇尔大学的全额奖学金。她选择这所大学是因为这所大学能让她在专业技能发展和学业之间取得平衡。这成为了她人生中的关键时刻。)”可知，获得美国大学的奖学金标志着VickyLee网球生涯的关键转折点。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Vickymitstocreatingindividualpathwaysforplayers,suchasunder10andunder12groups,andgettingthemintopetitionsearlytodeveloptheirskills.(Vicky致力于为球员创造个性化的成长路径，比如10岁以下和12岁以下的组别，并让他们尽早参加比赛以发展技能。)”可知，VickyLee在执教中强调年轻球员的早期技能发展。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“What’smoreimpressiveishermitmenttoinclusiveness(包容),providingopportunitiesforpeoplewithdisabilitiesthroughspecialprograms.Havingexperiencedexclusionduetoavisionprobleminherchildhood,Vickyisastrongadvocateforinclusioninsports.(更令人钦佩的是她对包容的坚持，她通过特别项目为残障人士提供机会。Vicky小时候因为视力问题曾遭受过排斥，所以她是体育运动中倡导包容的坚定拥护者。)”以及最后一段中“Vicky’slovefortennisismatchedbyherloveforinspiringyoungpeopleandmakingthemfeelvalued.Outsideoftennis,shealsoenjoysmountainbikeriding.Heruniquejourneyfromplayertocoachtofoundershowsherdedicationtothesportandtocreatingawelingenvironmentforallplayers.(Vicky对网球的热爱与她激励年轻人并让他们感受到自身价值的热情不相上下。在网球之外，她还喜欢骑山地自行车。从选手到教练再到创始人，她独特的经历彰显了她对这项运动的执着，以及为所有选手营造一个友好环境的决心。)”可知，VickyLee在执教中倡导包容性，是为了确保所有球员都感到受欢迎和被重视。故选B。CShouldartificialintelligencebeusedtoimprovedecisionmakinginthecourtoflaw?Accordingtoanewworkingpaper,notonlydoesoneexampleofanAIalgorithm(算法)failtoimprovetheaccuracyofjudicialcalls(司法判决),butonitsown,thetechnologyalsofaresworsethanhumans.WhilecriminaljusticesectorsometimesusesAIremendations,humansareusuallythefinaldecisionmakers.Theresearcherstookthisintoaccountbyparingcriminalbail(保释)decisionsmadebyasinglejudgewithremendationsgeneratedbyanAIsystem.TherandomizedcontrolledexperimentwasconductedinDaneCounty,Wisconsin,focusingonwhetherarresteeswerereleasedontheirownrecognizanceorsubjectedtocashbail.TheresearchersledbyImaiandJimGreinersettheirsightsonhearingsheldbyasinglejudgeandalsoanalyzedthearrestdataontheformerarresteesforupto24monthslater.ResultsshowedthatAIaloneperformedworsethanthejudgeinpredictingrecrime.“Iwassurprisedbythis,”Greinersaid.“Itseemsthatthisalgorithmhadbeensettobetoosevereandremendedmeasuresthatweretooheavy.”However,thisissuecouldbefixedbyrecalibratingthealgorithm.“It’saloteasiertounderstandandthenfixthealgorithmorAIthanthehuman,”Imaisaid.TheadvantageofAIoranalgorithmisthatitcanbringequality.TheAIstudiedherejustfocusedonageandninefactorsrelatedtopastcriminalexperiences,insteadofsomeothersocietalfactorssuchasrace.Heacknowledgedthatthestudy’sfindingsmaybecauseforconcern,buthenotedthatpeoplehaveprejudiceaswell.ThewaythecriminaljusticesystemiscurrentlyusingAIaswellasunguidedhumandecisionsshouldbestudiedwithaneyetomakingimprovements,Greineradded.“Idon’tknowwhetherthisisforting,butmyreactiontopeoplewhoareafraidorskepticalofAIistobeafraidandskepticalofAI,buttobepotentiallymoreafraidorskepticalofunguidedhumandecisions.”28.Whatdoesthenewworkingpapersuggest?A.AIcanreplacehumanjudges.B.AIremendationsarecrucialtojudicialdecisions.C.AIguaranteesthefairnessofjudicialwork.D.AIperformsworsethanhumansinjudicialcalls.29.WhydidGreinerfeelsurprisedattheexperimentresults?A.Thearrestees’datawereuncontrolled.B.Thealgorithmwasbeyondunderstanding.C.Theydifferedfromwhathehadexpected.D.Theexperimentignoredsocietalfactors.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recalibrating”meaninparagraph3?A.Recovering. B.Readjusting. C.Reconfirming. D.Restricting.31.WhatconcerndidGreinerexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Humansocialstatusaffectsdecisionfairness.B.AI’sroleinthejusticesystemisunderestimated.C.AIhaslimitationsparedtohumandecisionmaking.D.Humandecisionswithoutmonitoringareproblematic.【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，该研究对比法官和人工智能系统在刑事保释决定中的表现，发现AI单独预测再犯罪表现不如法官，但可重新校准，还指出应研究改进司法系统使用AI和人类决策的方式。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Accordingtoanewworkingpaper,notonlydoesoneexampleofanAIalgorithm(算法)failtoimprovetheaccuracyofjudicialcalls(司法判决),butonitsown,thetechnologyalsofaresworsethanhumans.(根据一篇新工作论文，一个人工智能算法的例子不仅未能提高司法判决的准确性，而且就其本身而言，这项技术的表现也比人类差)”可知，新工作论文表明人工智能在司法判决方面的表现比人类差。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“ResultsshowedthatAIaloneperformedworsethanthejudgeinpredictingrecrime.‘Iwassurprisedbythis,’Greinersaid.‘Itseemsthatthisalgorithmhadbeensettobetoosevereandremendedmeasuresthatweretooheavy.’(结果显示，在预测再犯罪方面，仅人工智能的表现比法官差。‘我对此感到惊讶，’格雷纳说。‘似乎这个算法设置得过于严格，推荐的措施过于严厉’)”可知，实验结果显示AI表现比法官差，这与Greiner原本的预期不同，所以他感到惊讶。故选C项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。上文“Itseemsthatthisalgorithmhadbeensettobetoosevereandremendedmeasuresthatweretooheavy.(似乎这个算法设置得太严厉了，推荐的措施也太重了)”提出算法设置得太过严格这一问题。而划线词所在句“However,thisissuecouldbefixedby

recalibrating

thealgorithm.(然而，这个问题可以通过recalibrating算法来解决)”明确这一问题可以解决，结合后文“It’saloteasiertounderstandandthenfixthealgorithmorAIthanthehuman(理解并修复算法或人工智能比理解并修复人类要容易得多)”可推知，算法可以通过调整来修复，所以“recalibrating”的意思是“重新调整”，与B项“Readjusting”意思相近。故选B项。31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Idon’tknowwhetherthisisforting,butmyreactiontopeoplewhoareafraidorskepticalofAIistobeafraidandskepticalofAI,buttobepotentiallymoreafraidorskepticalofunguidedhumandecisions.(我不知道这是否能让人安心，但我对那些害怕或怀疑人工智能的人的反应是，既害怕和怀疑人工智能，但可能更害怕或怀疑没有指导的人类决策)”可知，Greiner表达了没有监督的人类决策是有问题的这一担忧。故选D项。DWhatarethebenefitsandcostsofsociality?Socialorganismsmayenjoybenefitssuchassharingresources,beingbetterprotected,andhavingsupporttoraisedescendants.However,bylivinginmoretightlypackedgroups,socialorganismsmayalsosufferdisadvantagessuchasthespreadofdisease,increasedpetition,aggression,andconflict.AnewstudyledbytheUniversityofOxfordhascarriedoutaprehensiveassessmentonthelinkbetweensocialityanddifferentlifehistorytraitssuchasgenerationtime,lifeexpectancy,andthelengthoftheirchildbearingperiod.Uptonow,researchevaluatingtheoverallimpactsofsocialityonperformancehasfocusedonsinglespeciesorgroups,suchasbirdsorsomemammals.Thenewstudyassessed152animalspecies,includingbirds,mammals,insects,andcorals.Theresultsofthestudyshowedthatmoresocialspecieslivelonger,postponematurity,andaremorelikelytoreproduce(繁殖)successfullythanmoresolitaryspecies.Whilesocialspeciesmaynotbethebesttoadaptandbenefitfromarapidlychangingenvironment,theyareoftenmoreadaptableasagroup.Thisfindingsupportsthehypothesisthat,eventhoughsocialityeswithsomeobviouscosts,theoverallbenefitsaregreater.Thestudyalsorevealedthatsocialitydoesinfluencethereductioninananimal’sabilitytoreproduceorsurviveastheyage,knownassenescence.Forexample,socialalliesmayhelpprotectagainstpredation,increasinglifespan,butthestressofsocialhierarchies(等级)andconflictscanhavetheoppositeeffect.LeadauthorAssociateProfessorRobSalgueroGómez(DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofOxford)said,“Socialityisafundamentalaspectofmanyanimals.However,westilllackcrosstaxonomic(跨分类学)evidenceofthefitnesscostsandbenefitsofbeingsocial.Here,byusingahugenumberofanimalspecies,thisworkhasdemonstratedthatspeciesthataremoresocial(mostmonkeys,elephants,flamingos,andparrots)displaylongerlifespansandreproductivewindowsthanmoresolitaryspecies(somefish,reptiles,andsomeinsects).”FurtherresearchisongoinginAssociateProfessorSalgueroGómez’sresearchgrouptoexpandthedatabaseandbinethedatawithlabworkandfurthermodellingtoestimatehowmoresocialpopulationsfightclimatechange.32.Whatismainlydiscussedinthefirstparagraph?A.Sociality’sinfluenceonsurvival.B.Benefitsandcostsofsocialspecies.C.Examplesofsocialbehaviorinanimals.D.parisonbetweensocialandsolitaryspecies.33.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph4in?A.Toexplainthebackgroundofthestudy.B.Tointroducetheleadauthorandhiswork.C.Todescribetheanimalspeciesstudied.D.Tocriticizethefindingsofthestudy.34.Whatfuturedirectionofresearchissuggested?A.Studyingsolitarybehaviors.B.Focusingonyounganimals.C.Isolatingspecificmammaldata.D.Expandingresearchtoclimateadaptation.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfrom?A.Moresocialanimalstendtolivelongerandreproducemoresuccessfully.B.Socialspeciesalwaysadaptbettertoenvironmentalchanges.C.Socialityhasnosignificantimpactonreproduction.D.Solitaryspecieslivelongerthansocialspecies.【答案】32.B33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛津大学主导的一项关于社交对动物生活史特征影响的研究，阐述了社交给动物带来的益处和成本，还提到了研究结果及未来的研究方向。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whatarethebenefitsandcostsofsociality?Socialorganismsmayenjoybenefitssuchassharingresources,beingbetterprotected,andhavingsupporttoraisedescendants.However,bylivinginmoretightlypackedgroups,socialorganismsmayalsosufferdisadvantagessuchasthespreadofdisease,increasedpetition,aggression,andconflict.(社交的益处和代价是什么呢？社交生物可能会享受到诸如共享资源、得到更好的保护以及在养育后代方面获得支持等好处。然而，通过生活在更紧密的群体中，社交生物也可能会遭受诸如疾病传播、竞争加剧、攻击性和冲突等不利因素。)”可知，第一段首先提出问题“社交的益处和代价是什么呢”，然后对该问题进行回答，由此可知，第一段主要讨论了社交动物群体的利弊。故选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“LeadauthorAssociateProfessorRobSalgueroGómez(DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofOxford)said,“Socialityisafundamentalaspectofmanyanimals.However,westilllackcrosstaxonomic(跨分类学)evidenceofthefitnesscostsandbenefitsofbeingsocial.Here,byusingahugenumberofanimalspecies,thisworkhasdemonstratedthatspeciesthataremoresocial(mostmonkeys,elephants,flamingos,andparrots)displaylongerlifespansandreproductivewindowsthanmoresolitaryspecies(somefish,reptiles,andsomeinsects).”(第一作者、牛津大学生物学系副教授罗布・萨尔盖罗戈麦斯说：“社交是许多动物的一个基本方面。然而，我们仍然缺乏关于社交在适合度方面的代价和益处的跨分类学证据。在这里，通过使用大量的动物物种，这项研究表明，社交更强的物种（大多数猴子、大象、火烈鸟和鹦鹉）比独居物种（一些鱼类、爬行动物和一些昆虫）寿命更长，繁殖期也更长。”)”可知，该段介绍了主导研究的作者罗布・萨尔盖罗戈麦斯教授以及他的研究内容。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“FurtherresearchisongoinginAssociateProfessorSalgueroGómez’sresearchgrouptoexpandthedatabaseandbinethedatawithlabworkandfurthermodellingtoestimatehowmoresocialpopulationsfightclimatechange.(萨尔盖罗戈麦斯副教授的研究小组正在进行进一步的研究，以扩展数据库，并将数据与实验室工作和进一步的建模相结合，来估计社交更强的群体如何应对气候变化。)”可知，研究小组将将数据和实验室工作进一步建模结合，估算社交群体如何应对气候变化，由此可知，未来的研究方向是将研究扩展到对气候适应方面。故选D项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresultsofthestudyshowedthatmoresocialspecieslivelonger,postponematurity,andaremorelikelytoreproduce(繁殖)successfullythanmoresolitaryspecies.(研究结果表明，社交更强的物种比独居物种寿命更长，成熟更晚，并且更有可能成功繁殖。)”可知，社交更强的动物往往寿命更长，繁殖更成功。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。There’sasituationeverytravelerfearsmost:waitingatthecarousel(行李传送带)untiltheverylastsuitcasehasbeenpickedup,andrealizingyoursisn’tthere.Therearealotofsystemsinplacetomakesuresuitcasesdon’tgetlostduringairtravel.____36____Ifyouhavetravelingupandarehopingtoavoidthisfrustrating,potentiallytripruiningsituation,we’vegotyoucovered.Makesureyoursuitcaseisnoticeable.Ifyouhaveabasicdarkblueorblacksuitcaselikeeveryoneelse,trytoplaceadistinctpieceofdecorationonit,likecolorfulluggagetags.____37____Choosedirectflightswhenpossible.Itisn’talwayspossible—oraffordable—tochooseadirectflight.____38____Directflightsreducetheriskofyourluggagebeingmishandledduringtransfers.Ifyoumusthaveastopover,trytoallowampletimebetweenconnections.____39____Whenitestoairtravel,we’retaughtthattheearlieryougettotheairport,thebetter.Andforthemostpartthat’strue—butcheckingintooearlyeswith