2026届全国卷学易金卷高考英语二模模拟卷03（含答案）

2/22026年高考第二次模拟考试（全国一卷）高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whathobbydoesthewomanplantodevelop?A.Rockclimbing. B.Watchingmovies. C.Buildingblocks.2.HowdoesthemandescribeEric?A.Humorous. B.Observant. C.Curious.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apainting. B.Thegallerystaff. C.Thepainter’sname.4.WhydoesJohnfeelblue?A.Hefailedtheexams.B.Hisexamresultsarelowerthanexpected.C.Hecan’tkeepthebalanceofhisstudy.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inaconveniencestore.B.Inacakeshop.C.Athome.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段对话，完成下面小题。6.Whydoesthewomanwanttomovehouse?A.Tosavemoneyonrent.B.Toavoidcoldweather.C.Tochangelivingenvironment.7.Howdoesthewoman’ssisterkeepwarm?A.Bywearingthickdowncoat.B.Bywearingwoolengloves.C.Byheatingherfeet.听下面一段对话，完成下面小题。8.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutrainydays?A.Carryinganumbrella.B.Listeningtotheraindrops.C.Readingonrainydays.9.Whatdoesthemanworryabout?A.Thebaywindowneedscleaning.B.Thecurtainmightgetdirty.C.Thebooksmightgetwet.10.Whydoesthemanreadeveryday?A.Hereadsstoriestohiskid.B.Heenjoysreadinghimself.C.Heneedstoimprovehimselfforwork.听下面一段对话，完成下面小题。11.Whichplacesdoestheman’sfamilyprefertogoto?A.BeijingandGuilin.B.BeijingandXi’an.C.ShanghaiandGuilin.12.Whichofthefollowingisthemostattractivetotheman’sson?A.TheGreatWall.B.TheForbiddenCity.C.Thehutongs.13.Whenwilltheman’sfamilyprobablyseetheBigWildGoosePagoda?A.Onthesecondday.B.Onthefourthday.C.Onthesixthday.听下面一段对话，完成下面小题。14.Whatwastheblogger’sinitialstatelike?A.Fitandenergetic.B.Unfitandlazy.C.Motivatedanddisciplined.15.Howdidthebloggerstarthisjourney?A.Byrunninglongdistances.B.Bychoosinghealthiersnacks.C.Bystartingastrictdiet.16.Whatmotivatedthebloggertokeepgoingon?A.Family’sencouragement.B.Hisfriends’support.C.Physicalchanges.17.Whatisthemostremarkableachievementofthebloggeraccordingtotheman?A.Losingweight.B.Gainingmuscle.C.Buildingacommunity.听下面一段独白，完成下面小题。18.WhatdoesRichMerrittthinkofbirdwatching?A.It’sanaccessibleactivity.B.Itrequiressomeexperience.C.Itinvolvesspecialequipment.19.WhoisSharonStiteler?A.Abirdexpert. B.Adirector. C.Awriter.20.Whenisconsideredagoodtimeforbirdwatching?A.Atdawn. B.Atnoon. C.Atdusk.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(原创)TheIBMiddleYearsProgram(MYP)atCanadianInternationalSchoolofHefeiTheInternationalBaccalaureateMiddleYearsProgram(IBMYP)attheCanadianInternationalSchoolofHefei(CISH)isafive-yearprogramforstudentsaged11to16.ItisakeypartoftheIBeducationalcontinuum,designedtopreparestudentsforfutureacademicstudiesandreal-worldchallenges.ProgramFocus&StructureGoingbeyondatraditionalcurriculum,theMYPemphasizesall-rounddevelopmentthrougheightsubjectgroups.Thecoreofitseducationalapproachisthe“ApproachestoLearning”(ATL)framework.Thisframeworksystematicallyhelpsstudentsdevelopskillsinfivecriticalareas:thinking,communication,socialinteraction,self-management,andresearch.KeyBenefits·Real-WorldConnections:Studentslearntoapplyclassroomknowledgetoreal-lifesituationsandtodevelopinterculturalawareness.·PersonalizedSupport:Eachstudentisseenasunique.Teachingmethodsaretailoredtoindividuallearningstylestobuildconfidenceandpromotegrowth,movingawayfromcomparingstudentswithoneanother.·ServiceasAction:Throughcommunityserviceprojects,studentslinktheiracademiclearningtopracticalactionandreflectontheirsocialresponsibilities.WhyCISH?CISHistheonlyschoolinAnhuiProvinceauthorizedtoofferthefullIBcontinuum(PrimaryYears,MiddleYears,andDiplomaPrograms).Thisallowsforacoherentandgloballyrecognizededucationalpathwayfromprimarythroughhighschool.21.WhatishighlightedasthecentralelementoftheMYP'seducationalapproach?A.Masteringeightcompulsorysubjectsindepth.B.Askill-developmentframeworkknownasATL.C.Coveringallacademicareasthrougheightsubjectgroups.D.Focusingprimarilyonlanguageandmathematicalskills.22.HowdoestheMYPprogramdealwithdifferentlearners?A.Byrankingstudentstomotivateimprovement.B.Byapplyingastandardizedteachingmodeltoensurefairness.C.Byfittingteachingtopersonallearningstyles.D.Byprovidingextrahelpintheirleastproficientsubjectsfirst.23.WhatmakesCISHspecialaccordingtothetext?A.ItsexclusivefocusonpreparingfortheIBDiplomaProgram.B.ItsauthorizationtooffertheprestigiousIBDiplomaProgram.C.Itscommitmenttosecuringuniversityadmissionforgraduates.D.ItsabilitytoofferallIBprograms.BWhenMichelleJacksonretiredat56,shefeltasifadoorhadsuddenlyclosed.Afterdecadesasanengineerdesigninghigh-speedtrainsforBritishRail,theonce-busyrhythmofmeetings,deadlines,andprojectswasgone.Thesilencethatfollowedfeltheavierthanshehadexpected.“WhatamIgoingtodonow?”sheaskedherself,facedwithlongdaysandtoomuchquiettime.Luckily,fiveyearslater,shefoundheranswer.At61,Michellepickedupherfirstcamera,determinedtolearnsomethingentirelynew.Asabeginner,shejoinedalocalwalkingandphotographygroup,oftenspendinghoursoutdoorsexperimentingwithsettingsshebarelyunderstoodatfirst.ShealsosignedupforonlinecoursesinphotographyandPhotoshop,insisting,“IfI’mgoingtodosomething,I’lldoitproperly.”Michellealwayslovednature.Inhertwenties,shehikedlongdistancessuchasthe268-milePennineWayinnorthernEngland.Yetbackthen,sheneverthoughtofbringingacamera.Onlyafterretirementdidsherealizethatphotographycouldpreservewhathadalwaystouchedher:thequietwonderofwildplacesandanimals.Herhearingloss,whichoncepushedherintoretirement,hassharpenedhervision.Shenotesthattheweakeningofonesensecanstrengthenanother.Thisheightenedperception,coupledwithgreatpatience,allowshertotoleratelongwaitsinnature—whetherforseabirdstoformaheartwiththeirheadsorforadeertoenterthetwilight.Nowinhermid-60s,Michellehaswonnationalandinternationalawards.Shespendsatleast20hoursaweekinthefield,hidingundernetsforcoverorlyinginwetgrass,alwaysreadyfortheexcitementoftheunexpected.Yetforher,successisnotmeasuredbyawards.“EachtimeIseeananimalappear,”shesays,“myheartraces.Ifyoutrulyseekthem,youwillfindthem.”24.WhatpushedMichelletotakeupphotography?A.Herinterestinonlinecourses.B.Hersuddenhearingloss.C.Heremptinessafterretirement.D.Herthirstforexpandinghersocialcircle.25.HowdoeshearinglossinfluenceMichelle?A.Itenhancesherabilitytosee.B.Itcausesherlotsofproblemsindailylife.C.Itenrichesherknowledgeaboutwildanimals.D.Itdeepensherunderstandingofhuman-naturerelationship.26.WhatdoesMichelleprobablythinkoftheawardsshehasearned?A.Theyhavehelpedhergainwiderecognition.B.Theybringmotivationforhertokeeptakingphotos.C.Theyfailtocomparewiththejoyofspottingwildanimals.D.Theyareasilentwitnesstoherprogressinphotography.27.WhatmessagedoesMichelle’sstorydeliver?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.Ageisnolimittopassion.C.Natureisthebestmedicine. D.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.CDarkchocolate,mainlysolidcocoa,iswidelybelievedtobeahealthiertreat,oftencreditedwithbenefitslikeloweringbloodpressureandboostingbrainpower.Theseclaimsarelargelylinkedtoflavanols(黄烷醇),compoundsabundantincocoa.However,acloserlookatthescientificevidencesuggeststhatweshouldbecarefulabouteatingdarkchocolate.Whilesomeshort-termstudies,frequentlyfundedbychocolatecompanies,suggestedpotentialadvantages,theirresultshavebeeninconsistent.Moreimportantly,theyaretoobrieftorevealthelong-termeffectsofregularconsumption.Observationalstudies,whichsimplynotecorrelations(相关性),foundthatpeoplewhoeatmoredarkchocolatetendtobehealthier.Butthiscouldbebecausetheyoftenhavehigherincomesandbetteroveralllifestyles,notbecauseofthechocolateitself.Tosettlethedebate,abigrandomizedexperimentwasconducted.Itinvolvedolderadultswhotookdailycocoa-flavanolsupplementsforseveralyears.Thefindingswereclear:theflavanolsmadenosignificantdifferencetotheriskofdevelopingheartdisease,diabetes,orcancer.Therewasonepositivenote—areductionincardiovascular(心血管的)deaths—butthissingleoutcomeisnotsolidproofofbenefit.Crucially,obtainingahighshareofflavanolsfromcommercialdarkchocolateintroducesseriousdisadvantages.Tocountercocoa’sbitterness,manufacturersaddlargeamountsofsugar.Itmeansapersonwouldalsoconsumeasubstantialportionofthedailyrecommendedlimitoffat,whichisknowntoraisecholesterol(胆固醇)andharmhearthealth.Afarhealthierwaytogetflavanolsisfromfoodslikeapples,nuts,strawberries,orgreentea.Ultimately,thecelebratedhealthbenefitsofdarkchocolateappeartoberootedmoreinmarketingandwishfulthinkingthaninrobustscience.Whileenjoyingitasanoccasionaltreatisfine,relyingonitasahealthfoodismisguided.Truewellnesscomesfromabalanceddietrichinvariousfruits,vegetables,andbeans—notfromasingle,sugarytreat.28.Whatisacommonbeliefaboutdarkchocolate?A.Ithasinconsistentbenefits. B.Itsbenefitscomeatahighcost.C.Itcontributestophysicalhealth. D.Itsadvantagesrelyonlong-termintake.29.Whatisaresultoftakinginflavanolsfromdarkchocolate?A.Fasterfatburning. B.Resistancetocholesterol.C.Reductionofcancerrisks. D.Increaseinsugarconsumption.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“robust”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Basic. B.Solid. C.Advanced. D.Emerging.31.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBitterTruthAboutDarkChocolate B.AGuidetoChoosingHealthyChocolateC.TheImpactofFlavanolsonYourHealth D.Marketingvs.ScienceintheFoodIndustryD(新情景)Astudyhasfoundthatverbalabuseorhurtfulwordsinchildhoodmaybeasdamagingtolong-termmentalwell-beingasphysicalabuse,ifnotmoreso.Thisgroundbreakingresearchhighlightstheneedtotreatverbalabuseasaseriouspublichealthissuethatcomeswithlastingpsychologicalconsequences.ResearchledbyLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityhasdrawnonthedataof20,687adultsfromEnglandandWales.Inthesurvey,participantswereaskedabouttheirexposuretophysicaland/orverbalabusebeforetheageof18.Thencurrentmentalhealthmarkerswereassessedusingamentalwell-beingscale,whichfactorsinoptimism,relaxation,socialconnectionandcopingskills.Thesurveyaskedparticipantshowoftentheyfeltoptimisticaboutthefuture,usefulandrelaxed.Whattheresearchersfoundwasthatthosewhoexperiencedverbalabuseaschildrenwere1.64timesmorelikelytoreportpoormentalwell-beingasadults.Meanwhile,individualsexposedtophysicalabusewere1.52timesmorelikelytohavementalhealthproblemslaterinlife,andthosewhoexperiencedbothverbalandphysicalmaltreatmentwere2.15timesmorelikelytohavenegativementalhealthoutcomes.There’sagrowingbodyofevidencethatdemonstrateshowverbalabuseinchildhoodhaslong-termimpacts.It’softenviewedaslessharmfulthanotherformsofmaltreatment.Theresearchersfoundthatwhilephysicalabusehaddecreased—fromaround20.2%ofchildrenborninthe1970sto10%ofthosebornin2000orlater—verbalabusehasincreased.Thisstudyfoundthatthosewhoexperiencedthisintheiryouthhadnearlydoublethelikelihoodofsocialisolation.Thereremainsanurgentneedforgreatermeasurestopreventphysicalabuse.Verbalabusemaynotimmediatelymanifestinwaysthatcatchtheattentionofbystanders,clinicians,orothersinsupportingservices.Theresearchersemphasizethatthisstudydoesn’tdownplaythelong-termharmofphysicalabuse,butithighlightstheneedtobetterconsiderverbalmaltreatmentwhenitcomestobothchildprotectionpoliciesandmentalhealthtreatmentinadultswhohaveexperiencedthistrauma.32.Whatdidthesurveyinparagraph2focuson?A.Adultabuseexperiences.B.Socialconnectioninchildhood.C.Currentphysicalhealthmarkers.D.Childhoodabuseandadultmentalhealth.33.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinparagraph3?A.Bypresentingcomparativeresearchdata. B.Byintroducingthestudy’sbackground.C.Byexplainingresearchmethodology. D.Byproposingpolicysolutions.34.Whatchangeinabusepatternsdidresearchersnote?A.Physicalabuseincreasedsince2000.B.Verbalabusedecreasedsignificantly.C.Verbalabuserosewhilephysicalabusedeclined.D.Bothtypesdroppedamongnewergenerations.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PhysicalabusepreventionstrategiesB.Verbalabuse’slastingadultimpactC.SurveymethodsinpsychologyresearchD.Improvingchildhoodmentalhealthpolicies第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(原创)TheBenefitsofPowerNapsWinstonChurchillsworebythem.AfterpolishingoffaboozylunchandacigartheformerBritishprimeministerwouldclimbintobedforanafternoonnap.Thelastpartofhisregimemaybeworthimitating.____36____Arandomisedcontrolledtrialin2023foundthatnapperswokeupwithimprovementstomood,alertnessandmemory.Nappinghabituallymightalsobewise.Astudyfrom2007foundthathealthyadultswhotookregularnapshada37%lowerriskofdyingfromheartdisease.____37____Sleepscientiststendtoagreethatashort“power”nap,somewherebetweentenand30minutes,isbest.Forexample,in1994NASAfoundthata26-minutepowernapenhancedpilots’performance.Sleepfortoolongandyouenterdeepersleepphasesandwakeupfeelinggroggy.____38____Ameta-analysisin2016concludedthatdailynapslastingmorethananhourincreasedtheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.Somesleepexpertscontendthathumansarebiologicallydisposedtonap.Theypointtoanaturaldipinalertnessaftermidday.____39____Incultureswherethisiscommon,however,nappersmuststillrestatnightfortherecommendedsevenhours.Coffeeisapopularantidotetomiddaydrowsiness.____40____Astudypublishedin2008foundpowernapstobemoreeffectivethancaffeineatimprovingalertnessandmemory.“Therestinthemiddleoftheday”,Churchillwrote,“refreshthehumanframefarmorethanalongnight.”Modernsleepexpertsmightnotgosofar.Butifyouhavetimeforacatnap,itcoulddoyousomegood.Justremembertosetanalarm.A.However,thedurationofyournapiscritical.B.Thisnaturaldipinalertnessmakesabriefdaytimesleepappealing.C.Sleepingduringthedayisnotjustforshiftworkersandcats.D.Moreover,studiesshowsuchshortnapsdonotharmnighttimesleepquality.E.Therefore,officeworkersshouldbeencouragedtotakenapsduringlunchbreaks.F.Takinglongernapsonaregularbasiscouldevenhavenegativehealtheffects.G.Butresearchsuggestsashortnapmightbeamoreeffectivesolution.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneday,LavonneSchaafsmaspentafewhoursinMillenniumPark,people-watching.Onthewaybacktohercar,asshe____41____forherkeys,sherealizedherpursewasmissing.Shestartedto____42____,becauseherpurseheldherID,creditcardsandhundredsofdollarsincash.Lavonneretracedevery____43____,searchingforoveranhour.Finally,shestoppedinfrontofagiftshop.Shehadnoreal____44____tobelieveherpursewouldbethere,butshewalkedinanywayandaskedthecashierifanyonehad____45____ablackpurse.Thecashier’seyes____46____.Someonehad.Tearsof____47____filledSchaafsma’seyesinstantly.Thecashiersaidthatabouthalfanhourearliertwowomenhadcomeintotheshop.They____48____thepurseonabenchnearthestore,buttheynoticedamanrifling(翻找)throughit—andimmediatelybecame____49____.Thewomen____50____himandaskedifthepursewashis.Hemumbled(含糊地说)thatitwas,buttheydidn’tbuyit.Sotheydidsomethingbold:they___51___thepursewastheirsandtookitback.Thewomenthenbroughtthepursetotheshopand____52____waitedforabouthalfanhourtoseeiftheownerwouldreturn,butwhennooneappeared,they____53____thepursewiththecashier.“ThesewomenwhoIdon’tknowsavedmehoursofwork____54____creditcards.They____55____mefrommassiveanxiety,”Schaafsmasaid.“Thestoryrestoresmyfaithineverydayheroes.”41.A.reached B.waited C.prepared D.paid42.A.wonder B.doubt C.panic D.imagine43.A.attraction B.park C.shop D.step44.A.reason B.excuse C.duty D.target45.A.huntedfor B.turnedin C.beggedfor D.givenout46.A.narrowed B.closed C.widened D.rolled47.A.sadness B.shock C.regret D.relief48.A.attached B.spotted C.held D.put49.A.suspicious B.calm C.ashamed D.confident50.A.ignored B.approached C.enrolled D.assessed51.A.refused B.realized C.pretended D.decided52.A.patiently B.occasionally C.secretly D.independently53.A.combined B.connected C.discussed D.left54.A.identifying B.matching C.canceling D.evaluating55.A.hid B.rescued C.discouraged D.accepted第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(热点话题)AChineseresearchteamhasdevelopedadeep-learningtoolcalledDeepWheat,____56____canhelpplantgrowerstopredictthepartsthatdecideplantfeatureswithhigh____57____(accurate).ItusesAItoaccuratelypredicthowgenesworkindifferentplantpartsandtypesofcrops.Thisisveryusefulbecausecropslikewheathavea____58____(remarkable)largesetofgeneticmaterials—about40times____59____(big)thanrice’s,andfivetimesthesizeofhumans’.____60____(address)thiscomplexity,theteambuilttwocoremodelsintoonetool.DeepWheatcanfindouthowchanginggenes____61____(affect)plantsandpredictthesechangesclearly.Manycropgenescaninfluencemultipletraits(特征),sometimesingoodwaysandsometimesinbadones.Forexample,____62____ricegenemightincreasethenumberofflowersbutweakenthestems(茎)ifit’stooactive.Currentgene-editingreliesontiring,blindtrialanderror.DeepWheatoffersabetteralternative:systemsthatenableresearcherstokeep____63____(run)computersimulations(模拟)fortestingallpossiblegenechangesletthemspotusefuladjustmentsbeforerealexperiments,improvingprecisionandsavingeffort.Successfully____64____(test)inriceandcorn,thetoolhasprovedeffectiveformanycrops.Itidentifieskeyparts,improveseditingtargets,andsolvesafarmingbottleneck—whenimprovingonetraitweakensanother.Bymakingbettergenenetworks,DeepWheatreducessuchtrade-offs,speedsupgoodtraitcombination,andserves____65____apracticalAIsolutionfordevelopinghigh-qualitycrops.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是校广播站负责人，现需在校内招聘一名英语新闻播音员，请你用英语以“Anannouncerwanted”为题目写一则招聘启事。内容包括：(1)主要工作；(2)招聘条件；(3)报名时间和地点。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Anannouncerwanted______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theancientoaktreeintheschoolcourtyardservedasthetraditional“memoriesbank”.Onthefinaldayofsenioryear,studentsgatheredtoburytimecapsules-letterstotheirfutureselves.Miastoodamongthem,clutchinghersealedenvelopewithaheavyheart.Unlikeothersfilledwithhopesanddreams,herscontainedapainfulconfession(忏悔)shehadcarriedforthreelongyears.Hermindflashedbacktothesciencelab,wherehercuriosityhadledtodisaster.Reachingfortheschool’santiquemicroscope,sheaccidentallyknockeditfromthetable.Itbrokeintotwoparts.Shequicklypickedthemupandputthemtogether.Atthismoment,thedooropenedrevealingBen,aquietclassmate,withMr.Daviesbehindhim.Bencametofetchthemicroscopeforanexperiment.Hardlyhadhetouchedthemicroscopewhenitsplitintotwoparts.ToMia’sastonishment,Benquietlyclaimedresponsibility.“Iwasmovingitanditslipped,”hemurmured,acceptingtheteacher’sdisappointmentthatshouldhavebeenhers.Miawatchedinguiltysilenceasheboretheblameshedeserved.Now,watchingBenplacehisownletterintheholeandofferherasadsmile,Miaheldtheenvelopetightlyinherhand.Thebreezerustledtheoakleaveslikewhisperingvoices.ShelookedfromthefreshlydugearthtoBen’sfigure,wonderingifburyinghertruthwastrulyhowshewantedtoendherhighschoolstory.注意：1.续写词数应为150词左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Justasthedirtwasabouttocoverthecapsules,Miasuddenlysteppedforward.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aftertellingthetruth,Miafeltalighttaponhershoulder.__________________________________________________________________________________________________