2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课构词法

2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课构词法目录一、前缀1.否定前缀2.时间、次序先后前缀；3.比较程度差别、数量关系前缀；4.距离等关系的前缀；5.表示特殊意义的前缀；二、后缀1.动词变名词2.名词变形容词3.形容词变名词4.名词变动词三、其他构词法一、前缀：否定前缀in-informal非正式的；incapable/incompetent无能力的；impolite不礼貌的；immature不成熟的等；il-illegal不合法的；ir-irregular不规则的；irresponsible不负责的；un-unusual不寻常的；unpleasant使人不愉快的；unreasonable不合理的；uneasy不安的；unnecessary不必要的；unfinished/undone未完成的；unaware不知道的；unnoticed未受到注意的；unfamiliar不熟悉的；uncommon不常有的；untidy不整洁的；unexpected未被预料的等；一、前缀：否定前缀dis-disappear消失；disapprove不赞成；dissatisfied不满意的；discourage劝阻；disobey不服从；disgraceful不光彩的；disagree不同意；dishonest不诚实的；disadvantage不利因素等；non-non-profit非营利的；non-violence非暴力政策；non-smoker不吸烟者；non-stop直达的；non-renewable不可再生的等；一、前缀：时间、次序先后fore-foretell预知；forehead前额；forecast预报等；post-pre-reading读前；precondition前提；preview预演；prewar战前的等；ex-ex-president前总统，ex-boyfriend前男友等；post-postwar战后的，postgraduate研究生等；一、前缀：比较程度差别、数量关系micro-微小的microwave微波；microscope显微镜vice-副的；vice-president副总统；vice-premier副总理；vice-director副处长；副主任等；sub-亚于；在…下面；分支subconscious潜意识的；subtropical亚热带的；subway地铁；suburban郊区的；subtitle副标题等；semi-半semicircle半圆形；semifinal半决赛等；一、前缀：比较程度差别、数量关系bi-两次；二bicycle自行车；tri-三tricycle三轮脚踏车，triangle三角形，triathlon铁人三项multi-多的multimedia多媒体，multicultural多元文化的一、前缀：距离等关系的前缀tele-远的；电视的；通过电话的telescope望远镜；telephone电话；television电视等；trans-横跨；成为（另一状态）transfer转移；transform使改观；transmit传播等；一、前缀：特殊意义的前缀de-除去；否定；相反；降低degrade降低(质量)；decrease减少；devalue贬值；deforest毁掉……的森林；decline下降等；re-重新recycle回收利用，review复习，refresh使恢复精力等；mis-错误地；错的；mislead误导；misunderstand误解；misbehavior行为不端；misspell拼错；mistrust不信任等；一、前缀：特殊意义的前缀anti-反（抗）；防anti-aircraft防空的，antifreeze防冻剂等；

ill-坏；差；不够……ill-treat虐待；ill-mannered不礼貌的；ill-considered考虑欠周的；ill-informed信息不足的；ill-timed不合时宜的；ill-fated时运不济的等；一、前缀：特殊意义的前缀anti-反（抗）；防anti-aircraft防空的，antifreeze防冻剂等；

ill-坏；差；不够……ill-treat虐待；ill-mannered不礼貌的；ill-considered考虑欠周的；ill-informed信息不足的；ill-timed不合时宜的；ill-fated时运不济的等；一、前缀：特殊意义的前缀a-在…上；向…；在…状态中；asleep睡着的，alive活着的，alone独自的，aloud大声地，ahead向前，awake醒着的等；auto-自动的；自己的automobile汽车；autobiography自传；automatically自动地；eco-生态的ecology生态学；ecosystem生态系统；eco-friendly环保的；一、前缀：特殊意义的前缀en-使……enable使能够；enrich使丰富等；inter-相互international国际的；Internet互联网；interact相互作用等；二、后缀：动词变名词-erbake—baker面包师cook—cooker炊具hunt—hunter猎人contain—container容器train—trainer教员-orinvent—inventor发明家govern—governor统治者，sail—sailor海员survive—survivor幸存者-arbeg—beggar乞丐lie—liar说谎者二、后缀：动词变名词-anceappear—appearance出现；外表assist—assistance帮助，-enceexist—existence存在occur—occurrence发生refer—reference查阅；参考prefer—preference喜爱；偏好-ionprevent—prevention防止object—opposition反对attract—attraction吸引二、后缀：动词变名词-ationconserve—conservation保护imagine—imagination想象determine—determination决定appreciate—appreciation欣赏；感激-mentassess—assessment评估develop—development发展encourage—encouragement鼓舞二、后缀：动词变名词-agepack—package包裹carry—carriage客车厢use—usage使用store—storage储存pass—passage通道post—postage邮费-ureplease—pleasure快乐expose—exposure暴露，press—pressure压力fail—failure失败-ingwarm—warming变暖garden—gardening园艺，feel—feeling感觉shop—shopping购物，write—writing写作paint—painting绘画二、后缀：动词变名词-iveexplode—explosive炸药detect—detective侦探-essact—actress女演员host—hostess女主人-alarrive—arrival到达bury—burial埋葬survive—survival幸存refuse—refusal拒绝，approve—approval支持二、后缀：名词变形容词-ystorm—stormy有暴风雨的chill—chilly寒冷的，frost—frosty结霜的dust—dusty布满灰尘的，smell—smelly臭的skin—skinny皮包骨的，greed—greedy贪婪的trick—tricky狡猾的，-alpractice—practical实际的

accident—accidental偶然的logic—logical符合逻辑的profession—professional职业的二、后缀：名词变形容词-fulfaith—faithful忠实的cheer—cheerful高兴的，delight—delightful使人快乐的

fear—fearful可怕的respect—respectful尊敬的sorrow—sorrowful悲伤的grace—graceful高雅的shame—shameful可耻的二、后缀：名词变形容词-lessfruit—fruitless无成效的meaning—meaningless无意义的pain—painless不痛的rest—restless坐立不安的hope—hopeless无望的end—endless无休止的home—homeless无家可归的limit—limitless无限的二、后缀：名词变形容词-ousnumber—numerous许多的mountain—mountainous多山的adventure—adventurous冒险的nerve—nervous紧张的danger—dangerous危险的caution—cautious小心的religion—religious宗教的ambition—ambitious有抱负的mystery—mysterious神秘的humor—humorous幽默的二、后缀：名词变形容词-icbase—basic基本的history—historic历史上著名的system—systematic系统的science—scientific科学的sympathy—sympathetic有同情心的drama—dramatic戏剧性的pessimism—pessimistic悲观的enthusiasm—enthusiastic热心的optimism—optimistic乐观的二、后缀：名词变形容词-enwool—woolen羊毛的gold—golden金色的wood—wooden木制的-lyfriend—friendly友好的brother—brotherly兄弟般的order—orderly有秩序的cost—costly昂贵的，hour—hourly每小时的二、后缀：名词变形容词-anAmerica—American美国的Africa—African非洲的Asia—Asian亚洲的Canada—Canadian加拿大的Italy—Italian意大利的-wardnorth—northward向北的home—homeward回家去的二、后缀：名词变形容词-ernnorth—northern北方的south—southern南方的east—eastern东方的west—western西方的southeast—southeastern东南方的-ishfool—foolish愚蠢的child—childish孩子气的self—selfish自私的red—reddish略带红色的二、后缀：名词变形容词-antabundance—abundant丰富的instance—instant立即的tolerance—tolerant宽容的significance—significant重要的-entviolence—violent暴力的patience—patient有耐心的silence—silent沉默不语的frequency—frequent频繁的dependence—dependent依靠的二、后缀：名词变形容词-abledesire—desirable想要的wash—washable可洗的suit—suitable合适的love—loveable/lovable可爱的work—workable可行的sustain—sustainable可持续的imagine—imaginable可想象的-ibleaccess—accessible可接近的sense—sensible明智的、合理的二、后缀：名词变形容词-iveattract—attractive吸引人的create—creative创造性的relate—relative相关的compete—competitive有竞争力的impress—impressive给人印象深刻的depress—depressive抑郁的-sometire—tiresome烦人的bother—bothersome讨厌的-edamaze—amazed吃惊的二、后缀：形容词变名词-anceabundant—abundance充足important—importance重要-encecompetent—competence能力excellent—excellence优秀present—presence出席intelligent—intelligence智力patient—patience耐心silent—silence沉默二、后缀：形容词变名词-esscalm—calmness冷静eager—eagerness渴望serious—seriousness严重steady—steadiness稳定cold—coldness冷；冷淡careless—carelessness粗心helpless—helplessness无助careful—carefulness仔细二、后缀：形容词变名词-thwarm—warmth温暖wide—width宽度true—truth真理young—youth