福建省莆田市2026届高中英语毕业班适应性练习试题【含答案】

莆田市2026届高中毕业班适应性练习英语（试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．请保持答题卡整洁，避免折叠。考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.WherewillthespeakersmeetErica’sfather?A.Atthecinema.B.Atthecarshop.C.Atthecoffeeshop.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Openthewindow.B.Changehisseat.C.Sitintheback.3.Howcanthewomanbedescribed?A.She’saprofessionalmover.B.She’sacaringneighbor.C.She’sverystrong.4.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthenewmanager?A.Heistall.B.Heiskind.C.Heischildlike.5.WhatmakesLindaangry?A.Tomleftthedrinkout.B.Tomstudiedtooloudly.C.Tomdrankallthejuice.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onaquizshow.B.Inazoo.C.Inabank.7.WhydidJuliefailtogetthe$500,000?A.Shemisheardthequestion.B.Shedidn’tanswerintime.C.Herfirstanswerwaswrong.听第7段录音，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Coachandboxer.C.Doctorandpatient.9.Whatdoestheaudiencewantaccordingtotheman?A.Toseethewomanwin.B.Toseethewomanlose.C.Toseeanexcitingmatch.听第8段录音，回答第10至12题。10.What’sthereasonJennywantsthenewjob?A.Itiseasy.B.Itpaysbetterwages.C.Itofferscareergrowth.11.WheredidJennylearnabouttheposition?A.Fromapreviousco-worker.B.Fromanadvertisement.C.Fromafriend.12.HowmanychildrendoesJennyhave?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.听第9段录音，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Cleaningbeaches.B.Detectingoceanplastic.C.Buildingnewships.14.WhyisthePacificOceanspecificallymentioned?A.Itisthelargestocean.B.Itcontainsthemosttrash.C.Itishometorarespecies.15.Whatistheadvantageofthenewsystem?A.Itcanlocatesmallplastic.B.Itcancleanuptheoceans.C.Itcanmeasureoceanpollution.16.Whyisthewomanconcernedaboutplasticintheocean?A.Itdamagesships.B.Animalsareeatingit.C.Itblockswaterways.听第10段录音，回答第17至20题。17.Whatmadesweetfoodsspecialinancientcivilizations?A.Theywerehardtomake.B.Theywerethesafestfoods.C.Theywereonlygiventoimportantpeople.18.Whichcountrytradedsugarcanefirst?A.China.B.India.C.Macedonia.19.Whenwasthecupcakeinvented?A.Inthe1200s.B.Inthe1300s.C.Inthe1800s.20.Whydidittakesolongformorerecipestobepublished?A.Thematerialsweretooexpensivetowaste.B.Therewasalackofdemandforsugar.C.Peopleperfecteddessertsearlyon.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAIconsumeslargeamountsofenergy:asingleChatGPTresponseusesaround10timestheelectricityofaGooglesearch,anditsmorethan400millionweeklyactiveusersincreasedemand.DeepSeekclaimedhigherenergyefficiencybutalsofaceddoubts,keepingAI’senergyuseapersistentconcern.HereisthedailyenergycomparisonbetweenChatGPTandGooglesearch.OperationTypeEnergyPerSearchDailyEnergyUseChatGPTResponse0.0029kWh621.4MWhGoogleSearch0.0003kWh10.8MWhGiventheenergyconsumption,AIadoptionwon’tslowasfirmsviewitasessential,soasmartstrategyisneededtoemployAI’sbenefitswhilemeetingsustainablegoals.Luckily,industryexpertsaredevelopingvarioussolutionstoaddressthischallenge.TheAI-relatedenergyriskshavegainedvisibility,triggeringpublicawarenessandaction.Yetfocusingonenergyalonecannotbreakthecycleofincreasingenvironmentalandoperationalpressures.“ToaddressAI-energyrisksandunlocklong-termvalue,companiesandinvestorsmustmovebeyondtheirnarrowrolesintheAIvaluechain.Theyshouldpursuestrategiesthatcreatesharedvaluebyadvancingbusinessgoalswhilebenefitingsocietyandtheenvironment,”notesLaurenSmartinWorldEconomicForum.1.HowmuchmoredailyenergydoesChatGPTconsumethanGoogleSearch?A.632.2MWh. B.621.4MWh. C.610.6MWh. D.10.8MWh.2.WhichofthefollowingisaneffectivemeasuretocutAIenergyuse?A.Adoptingenergy-savingchips. B.Selectinglargermodels.C.Establishingmoredatacenters. D.Encouragingfirmcompetitions.3.AccordingtoLaurenSmart,AIcompaniesshouldadoptamissionthat________.A.generatessharedbenefit B.gainspublicrecognitionC.followsexistingregulations D.maximizesinvestor’sprofits【答案】1.C2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍AI能耗高的问题、ChatGPT与谷歌搜索的能耗对比，以及应对该问题的解决措施和专家的相关建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中ChatGPTResponse行DailyEnergyUse列“621.4MWh(621.4兆瓦时)”以及GoogleSearch行DailyEnergyUse列“10.8MWh(10.8兆瓦时)”可知，两者的能耗差值为621.4-10.8=610.6MWh。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文中PotentialSolutions部分左上角“HardwareUpgrades:Usepower-limited,carbon-efficienthardware(e.g.IBM’s2025newchips)tocutenergyuse.(硬件升级：采用功率消耗低、碳排放量小的硬件设备（例如，IBM的2025年新芯片）以降低能源消耗)”可知，采用节能芯片可以直接减少AI运行时的能源消耗。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段LaurenSmart的表述“Theyshouldpursuestrategiesthatcreatesharedvaluebyadvancingbusinessgoalswhilebenefitingsocietyandtheenvironment.(他们应该采取既能推进商业目标又能造福社会和环境的策略，以创造共享价值)”可知，AI公司应该采取的使命是创造共享价值。故选A项。BDoIthinktheskyisfalling?Sortof.Thegameoflifeishard,andalotofusareplayinghurt.IachefortheworldbutnaturallyI’mmostlywatchingtheMeMovie,wherebalanceandstrengtharebeginningtofail.Whatcanwedoasthecreaking(嘎吱响的)elevatorsofageslowlygodown?Themainsolutionistogetoutsideeveryday,ideallywithfriends.Oldfriends—eventhoughtsofthem—aremycomfort.RecentlyIwaswalkingalongabeachwithNeshama.Wegoback50years.Sheis84,shortandstrong.Everysooften,shebentdownsomewhatcautiouslyandpickedupsmallitemsintoasmallclothbag.“Whatareyoudoing?”“I’mpickingupmicrolitter.ItrytohelpwhereIcan.”Iremindedherofanoldstory.Agreatwarhorsefoundatinysparrow(麻雀)strugglingtostraightenabenttreeinthewind.Thehorselaughedanddoubteditspower,butthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”Thisiswhatolderagemeans;wedowhatwecan.Wecontinuedourwalk.Neshamabenttopickupbitsoflitterandstartedtoslip,butIcaughtherandwelaughed.Wearesophysicallyvulnerableinolderage.Wehavecaughteachotheralotandhavecomethroughsomeperiodsofdarknessandoverwhelminglosses,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.Wecantakeitaslongaswefeelandgivelove,andlaughgentlyatourselvesaswefallapart.Weknowbyacertainagethegreatliesinourlife—ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherpresentlife?A.Sheenjoysmakingnewfriends.B.Shefeelsmorestrugglesoveragingprocess.C.Shefindsitchallengingtohandlefamilycrises.D.Shewantsotherstolearnfromherlifeexperiences.5.Whatmessagedoesthestoryofthesparrowconvey?A.Agemakessmalleffortslessmeaningfulovertime.B.Strengthinnumbersisnecessarytochangetheworld.C.Eventhesmallestactionwillcontributetoabiggerresult.D.Everysmallactioncounts,nomatterhowinsignificantitseems.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“arowingmachine”mostprobablymean?A.Atoolthatbringsphysicalexerciseandstrength.B.Anendlessroutinethattrapspeopleinlifetroubles.C.Aspiritualsupportthathelpsgetthroughhardships.D.Aburdenthatwearspeopledownmentallyovertime.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DarkDays,HeavyHearts B.LittleSteps,FullHeartsC.FadingAge,FadingStrength D.OldFriends,ForeverHomes【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了作者与老友海滩散步，感悟衰老中友谊与微小善举的力量。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“IachefortheworldbutnaturallyI’mmostlywatchingtheMeMovie,wherebalanceandstrengtharebeginningtofail.Whatcanwedoasthecreaking(嘎吱响的)elevatorsofageslowlygodown?(我为世事心生感慨，但多半还是困在自己的人生剧本里，身心的平衡与力量都开始走下坡路。当岁月如嘎吱作响的电梯缓缓下行，我们该何去何从？)”可知，作者感到自己正在衰老，平衡和力量都在衰退，对衰老过程感到挣扎和无奈。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Agreatwarhorsefoundatinysparrowstrugglingtostraightenabenttreeinthewind.Thehorselaughedanddoubteditspower,butthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”Thisiswhatolderagemeans;wedowhatwecan.(一匹骏马发现一只小麻雀在风中挣扎着扶正一棵弯曲的树。马嘲笑它，怀疑它的力量，但麻雀回答说：“尽己所能。”这就是年老的含义；我们尽己所能。)”可知，麻雀的故事传达的是：无论多么微小，每个人都应尽己所能做自己能做的事。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Wehavecaughteachotheralotandhavecomethroughsomeperiodsofdarknessandoverwhelminglosses,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.Wecantakeitaslongaswefeelandgivelove,andlaughgentlyatourselvesaswefallapart.(我们互相扶持了很多次，度过了一些黑暗和巨大损失的时期，但友谊使这一切成为灵魂的arowingmachine。只要我们能感受和给予爱，我们就能承受，并在崩溃时温柔地笑对自己。)”可知，我们互相扶持了很多次，度过了一些黑暗和巨大损失的时期，但友谊是帮助度过难关的精神支持，arowingmachineforthesoul指的是“在困难中给予精神支持的东西”。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过作者与老友在海滩捡拾微小垃圾的故事，以及麻雀“尽己所能”的寓言，传达了一个核心思想：即使是微小的行动也有意义，而爱与友谊让内心充实。“LittleSteps,FullHearts(小小的步伐，满满的心灵)”最能概括全文主旨。CNaturewordslikeriver,mossandblossomhaveappearedlessfrequentlyinbooksoverthepastyears.Thisdecline,accordingtoastudybyprofessorMilesRichardsonfromtheUniversityofDerby,mirrorsabroaderchangehehastracedthrough220yearsofrecordsonurbanisation,thelossofwildlifeinneighbourhoods,andparentsnolongerpassingonengagementwithnaturetotheirchildren.Thecomputermodellinginthestudyalsopredictsan“extinctionofexperience”,withfuturegenerationscontinuingtoloseanawarenessofnaturebecauseitisnotpresentinincreasinglybuilt-upneighbourhoods,whileparentsnolongerpassonan“orientation(倾向)”towardsthenaturalworld.Thisisconsistentwithfindingsfromotherstudies,whichidentifyadultnatureconnectednessasthestrongestpredictorofwhetherachildwillbecomeclosetonature.Richardsonsaidthatwhenhetestedpolicyandurbanenvironmentalchangesinthemodelhewassurprisedatthescaleofthechangesrequiredtorestoretheconnectiontonature.Increasingbiodiversegreenspacesinacityby30%mightlooklikesignificantpositiveprogressforwildlifeandpeoplebutRichardsonsaidhisstudysuggestsacitymightneedtobe10timesgreenertoturnarounddeclinesinnatureconnection.Effortstosimplyencourageadultstoengagewithnatureareofteninsufficientforlastingchange.Moreeffectivearemeasuresthatbuildnatureconnectionfromanearlyage,suchasforestschoolsforyoungchildren.Researchindicatesthatgovernmentinitiativesreshapingearlyeducationandurbandesignmustbeconsistentlyappliedoverthenext25years.Onceestablished,thisconnectioncanbecomeself-sustaining.Richardsonsaidthescaleofsocietalchangerequiredmightnotbeaschallengingasitappeared.AstudyonpeopleinSheffieldfoundthattheyspentjust4minutesand36secondsonaverageinnaturalspaceseachday.“Increasethatbyten,andpeoplearespending40minutesoutsideeveryday—thatmaybeenough,”hesaid.“Thekeyistomakethesegainslastacrossgenerations,”headded.8.WhatchangehasRichardsontracedinhisstudy?A.Naturewordshavedisappearedfrombooks. B.Peoplehavelessdirectcontactwithnature.C.Urbanisationhasdamagedwildlifehabitats. D.Parentsspendmoretimeoutdoorswithkids.9.Whatmightcausefuturegenerationstohave“extinctionofexperience”inthemodel?A.Theyareraisedawayfromnature. B.Theycan’tadapttochangesinnature.C.High-risebuildingsfillneighbourhoods. D.Schoolsofferfewnaturesciencelessons.10.Whatisamosteffectivesolutiontotheissueaccordingtothetext?A.Advancinglong-termpolicies. B.Launchingeco-friendlycampaigns.C.Focusingonraisingadults’awareness. D.Enlarginggreenspaceincertainareas.11.RichardsonmentionedthestudyonpeopleinSheffieldtoshow________.A.naturecontactvariesfromcitytocity B.people’slivinghabitsarehardtochangeC.anewwaytomeasurenaturetimeisneeded D.smalleffortshelpimprovecontactwithnature【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来，书籍中自然词汇减少，反映出人们与自然的接触日益减少。研究表明，城市化、长辈不再引导孩子亲近自然等因素，可能导致后代出现“自然体验的灭绝”。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Thisdecline,accordingtoastudybyprofessorMilesRichardsonfromtheUniversityofDerby,mirrorsabroaderchangehehastracedthrough220yearsofrecordsonurbanisation,thelossofwildlifeinneighbourhoods,andparentsnolongerpassingonengagementwithnaturetotheirchildren.(据德比大学的MilesRichardson教授的一项研究显示，这种下降趋势反映了他所追踪到的更为广泛的变革：220年来的城市化记录、社区内野生动物的减少，以及父母不再将与自然的接触方式传递给子女的现象。)”可知，Richardson追踪到的核心变化是：城市化、社区野生生物减少、父母不再传递亲近自然的习惯，即，人们和自然的直接接触变少了。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Thecomputermodellinginthestudyalsopredictsan‘extinctionofexperience’,withfuturegenerationscontinuingtoloseanawarenessofnaturebecauseitisnotpresentinincreasinglybuilt-upneighbourhoods,whileparentsnolongerpassonan‘orientation’towardsthenaturalworld.(该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验灭绝”现象，未来的世代将会逐渐失去对自然界的认知，因为自然环境已不再存在于日益密集的居民区之中，而父母们也不再向孩子们传递对自然世界的“认知导向”。)”可知，“体验灭绝”的原因是：社区逐渐被建筑覆盖，自然消失，同时父母不再传递亲近自然的倾向，即，下一代成长环境本身就远离自然。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Moreeffectivearemeasuresthatbuildnatureconnectionfromanearlyage,suchasforestschoolsforyoungchildren.Researchindicatesthatgovernmentinitiativesreshapingearlyeducationandurbandesignmustbeconsistentlyappliedoverthenext25years.Onceestablished,thisconnectioncanbecomeself-sustaining.(更为有效的是那些能在孩子幼年时期就建立与自然联系的措施，比如为幼儿设立的森林学校。研究表明，政府针对早期教育和城市规划的改革举措必须在未来25年内持续推行。一旦这种联系得以确立，它就能实现自我维持。)”可知，更有效的方式是从小培养亲近自然的连接，政府调整早期教育和城市设计的举措，必须在未来25年持续推行，即长期政策才是有效的解决方案。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“AstudyonpeopleinSheffieldfoundthattheyspentjust4minutesand36secondsonaverageinnaturalspaceseachday.‘Increasethatbyten,andpeoplearespending40minutesoutsideeveryday—thatmaybeenough,’hesaid.(一项针对谢菲尔德市民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中停留的时间仅为4分36秒。“将这个时间增加10倍，人们每天就能在户外度过40分钟——这或许已经足够了。”)”提及谢菲尔德市民每天只在自然环境中停留4分36秒，而只需增加十倍到四十分钟就够了，即，不用巨大改变，小努力就能提升亲近自然的时间。故选D项。DWhatifthesolarpanelsthatoncepoweredourhomescould,aftertheirretirement,helppowertheelectricvehiclesoftomorrow?ThisvisionisnowbecomingarealityinthelaboratoriesoftheQingdaoInstituteofBioenergyandBioprocessTechnology,wherescientistshavesuccessfullyturnedoldsolarpanelsintohigh-performancelithiumbattery(锂电池)materials.Thisadvancementrespondsdirectlytotwopressingchallenges.First,solarpanelstypicallyhavealifespanof25-30years,andmountainsofsolarwasteareexpectedinthecomingdecade.Second,conventionallithiumbatteries,whichrelyongraphiteanodes(石墨负极),arerapidlyhittingtheirenergylimitof300watt-hoursperkilogram,whichfallsshortoftheever-increasingdemandsofelectricvehicles.So,howdoesthisrecyclingstrategywork?Researchersextracttinysiliconparticles(硅颗粒)fromretiredsolarpanelstocreatebatteryanodes.Siliconhaslongbeenseenasagoodreplacementforgraphitebecauseitcanstorenearlytentimesmorelithium.However,here’stheissue:duringcharginganddischarging,siliconparticlesexpandupto300%andthenshrinkback,causingcracksthatquicklywearoutthebattery.Tosolvethis,theteamaddedaspecialchemicalliquid.Thekeyliesinathinfilmthatformsontheanode’ssurface—aprotectivelayerthatholdscrackedparticlestogetherandminimizesunwantedreactions.Thisapproachworksremarkablywell.Intests,batteriesusingrecycledsiliconanodesdeliveredanenergydensity(密度)of340.7Wh/kg—wellbeyondgraphite’stheoreticallimit.After200charges,theystillheld83.1%oftheiroriginalcapacity.Ecologically,theprocessturnswasteintovaluablebatterycomponents,significantlyreducingboththeeconomicandenvironmentalimpacts.“Thesustainablesourcingofsiliconfromoldsolarpanelscutswaste,”saidDongTiantian,aresearcheratQIBEBT.“Turningsolarwasteintobatterypartsalsolowersbatterycosts.”Withsolarinstallationsboomingworldwide,thisrecyclingstrategyclosestheloop:wastefromonegreentechnologybecomestherawmaterialforanother—atruecirculareconomyinrenewableenergy.12.Whattwomajorproblemsdoesthisbreakthroughaddress?A.HighbatterycostsandlowEVadoptionrates.B.Shortpanellifespanandweakrecyclingsystems.C.Lithiumshortageandfallingsolarpanelefficiency.D.Solarpanelwasteandlimitedbatteryenergydensity.13.Whatisthekeytomakingtherecycledsiliconanodeworkproperly?A.Thetemperatureofoperation. B.Thenumberofchargingcycles.C.Theformationofasurfacelayer. D.Thepurityofthechemicalliquid.14.Whydoestheauthormentionthebatterytestsinparagraph4?A.Toprovesiliconisbetterthangraphite.B.Tohighlighttheenvironmentalbenefits.C.Topresenttheactualperformanceofthebattery.D.Toshowthecostadvantageofrecycledmaterials.15.Whatisthebroadersignificanceofthisresearchaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itremovestheneedforlithium.B.Itimprovessolarpanelefficiency.C.Itwillsoonreplaceallgraphitebatteries.D.Itoffersacircularsolutiontobothproblems.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】文章介绍了青岛科研机构将废旧太阳能板回收提取硅颗粒，制成高性能锂电池负极材料，既解决光伏废料堆积难题，又突破传统锂电池能量密度瓶颈，实现可再生能源的循环经济利用。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thisadvancementrespondsdirectlytotwopressingchallenges.First,solarpanelstypicallyhavealifespanof25-30years,andmountainsofsolarwasteareexpectedinthecomingdecade.Second,conventionallithiumbatteries,whichrelyongraphiteanodes,arerapidlyhittingtheirenergylimitof300watt-hoursperkilogram,whichfallsshortoftheever-increasingdemandsofelectricvehicles.(这项突破直接应对了两大紧迫难题。首先，太阳能电池板的使用寿命通常为25至30年，未来十年将会产生堆积如山的光伏废弃物。其次，依赖石墨负极的传统锂电池，其能量密度很快触及每千克300瓦时的上限，难以满足电动汽车日益增长的需求。)”可知，这项技术解决了太阳能电池板废弃物和电池能量密度有限的问题。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tosolvethis,theteamaddedaspecialchemicalliquid.Thekeyliesinathinfilmthatformsontheanode’ssurface—aprotectivelayerthatholdscrackedparticlestogetherandminimizesunwantedreactions.(为解决这一问题，研究团队添加了一种特殊化学液体。关键在于负极表面会形成一层薄膜，这层保护层能将开裂的颗粒粘合在一起，并最大限度减少不良反应。)”可知，解决硅颗粒膨胀开裂问题的关键，是添加特殊化学液体后在负极表面形成的保护层薄膜。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thisapproachworksremarkablywell.Intests,batteriesusingrecycledsiliconanodesdeliveredanenergydensityof340.7Wh/kg—wellbeyondgraphite’stheoreticallimit.After200charges,theystillheld83.1%oftheiroriginalcapacity.Ecologically,theprocessturnswasteintovaluablebatterycomponents,significantlyreducingboththeeconomicandenvironmentalimpacts.(该方法效果十分显著。测试中，采用回收硅负极的电池能量密度达到每千克340.7瓦时，远超石墨的理论极限。经过200次充放电循环后，电池仍能保留83.1%的初始容量。从生态角度来看，这一工艺变废为宝，将废弃物转化为高价值电池组件，大幅降低了经济成本与环境影响。)”可知，本段开头点明“这个方法效果非常好”，随后列举测试的能量密度、容量保持率数据，作者提到电池测试的目的是展示这项技术做出的电池的实际性能。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Thesustainablesourcingofsiliconfromoldsolarpanelscutswaste,’saidDongTiantian,aresearcheratQIBEBT.‘Turningsolarwasteintobatterypartsalsolowersbatterycosts.’Withsolarinstallationsboomingworldwide,thisrecyclingstrategyclosestheloop:wastefromonegreentechnologybecomestherawmaterialforanother—atruecirculareconomyinrenewableenergy.(青岛生物能源与过程研究所研究员董甜甜表示：‘从废旧太阳能电池板中可持续获取硅原料，减少了废弃物产生。将光伏废料制成电池部件，同时也降低了电池生产成本。’随着全球太阳能装置装机量激增，这套回收模式实现了闭环循环：一项绿色技术产生的废弃物，成为另一项绿色技术的原材料，真正构建起可再生能源领域的循环经济。)”可知，这项技术实现了循环经济：一种绿色技术的废料成为另一种绿色技术的原料，同时解决了太阳能垃圾和电池原料两个问题，因此这项研究更广泛的意义是为两个问题提供了一个循环解决方案。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lininguptoboardaplaneshowshowwenowpaytoskipwaiting.Themoreyoupay,thesooneryoucangetontheplaneandthelesslikelyyouwillhavetocheckabag.____16____Whendidtheactofwaitinggetsuchabadreputation?____17____Wesavor(品尝)theanticipationlikeachildwaitingforsummervacation.Perhapsthepersonwaitinginlinetoseehisfavoritesingerperformenjoysthenightmorebecauseofthetimeinvestedingettingintothevenue.Asworldspeedsup,balancebetweeninstantanddelayedsatisfactionnolongermatchespeople’sexpectations.Thisshiftturnswaitingintoasourceofshame,whichdamagesmentalhealth.____18____Beingforcedtowaitisoftenseenasasignofbeinglesswelloffor“leftbehind”.Itencouragesimpatienceanddisrespectforthosewhoarecaughtwaiting.Theabilitytowaitpatientlyisimportantforacivilizedsociety.Ifwelosepatienceandcan’twaitinlineorforourturn,weendupfeelingthestressofafast-pacedworld.Furthermore,ifwecallpeoplewhowait“losers”,wearebeingunfairandmayactwithoutthinkinghowouractionsaffectothers.____19____Ofcourse,weshouldnothavetowaitpatientlyforeverything.Forexample,therearetimeswheninjusticedeservesimmediateaction.Askingpeopletowaitcanbeaplanneddelayofchange.____20____Inalargercontext,weallneedtounderstandwaitingnotonlyasanecessaryevilbutalsoasanimportantfunctionwhichkeepsusinstepwiththosewesharelifewith.A.Itencouragespeopletoactwithoutpatience.B.It’snotjustairlines—museumsandparksdothesame.C.Waitingcanactuallyenhanceourappreciationofsomething.D.Therefore,somepeoplenowviewwaitingasawasteoftime.E.Yetnegativeexperienceswithwaitingshouldn’tblindustoitsvalue.F.Whenwelookdownuponwaiting,werisklosingpartofoursharedhumanity.G.Thisthinkingmakeswaitersseemlessimportant,whichisharmfultotreatothers.【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】文章主要讨论了现代社会对等待的负面态度，并论证了等待的价值与意义。【16题详解】由上文“Lininguptoboardaplaneshowshowwenowpaytoskipwaiting.Themoreyoupay,thesooneryoucangetontheplaneandthelesslikelyyouwillhavetocheckabag.(排队登机表明我们现在是如何花钱来避免等待的。你付的钱越多，你就能越早登机，而且你也不太可能需要托运行李。)”及下文“Whendidtheactofwaitinggetsuchabadreputation?(什么时候等待的行为得到了如此糟糕的名声？)”可知，上文描述了花钱避免等待的现象，下文提出等待名声变差的问题，本空应说明这种花钱避免等待的现象不仅限于航空领域，其他领域也有类似情况。B选项“不仅仅是航空公司——博物馆和公园也这样做。”能承上启下，符合语境。【17题详解】根据下文“Wesavor(品尝)theanticipationlikeachildwaitingforsummervacation.Perhapsthepersonwaitinginlinetoseehisfavoritesingerperformenjoysthenightmorebecauseofthetimeinvestedingettingintothevenue.(我们享受这份期待，就像孩子等待暑假一样。也许排队去看最喜欢的歌手演出的人，因为花了时间进入场地而更享受那个夜晚。)”可知，本段论述等待能增强对事物的欣赏和期待。C选项“等待实际上可以增强我们对某事物的欣赏。”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。【18题详解】由上文“Asworldspeedsup,balancebetweeninstantanddelayedsatisfactionnolongermatchespeople’sexpectations.Thisshiftturnswaitingintoasourceofshame,whichdamagesmentalhealth.(随着社会节奏不断加快，即时满足与延迟满足之间的平衡已然不再符合人们的心理预期。这种观念转变，让等待变成了一件令人难堪的事，还会损害人们的心理健康。)”可知，上文讲述社会节奏改变让等待蒙上负面色彩，本空需承接这种心态带来的认知变化。D选项“因此，如今一些人把等待看作浪费时间。”能承接上文，符合语境。【19题详解】由上文“Furthermore,ifwecallpeoplewhowait‘losers’,wearebeingunfairandmayactwithoutthinkinghowouractionsaffectothers.(此外，若我们把愿意等待的人称作失败者，这既不公平，也忽略了自身行为对他人的影响。)”可知，上文批判了轻视等待、贬低等待者的错误心态，本空需进一步说明这种做法的危害。F选项“当我们看不起等待这件事时，有可能会失去一部分共通的人性。”能承接上文，符合语境。【20题详解】由上文“Ofcourse,weshouldnothavetowaitpatientlyforeverything.Forexample,therearetimeswheninjusticedeservesimmediateaction.Askingpeopletowaitcanbeaplanneddelayofchange.(当然，并非所有事都需要我们耐心等待。比如，面对不公，有时就理应立刻采取行动。一味让人等待，往往是刻意拖延变革的手段。)”及下文“Inalargercontext,weallneedtounderstandwaitingnotonlyasanecessaryevilbutalsoasanimportantfunctionwhichkeepsusinstepwiththosewesharelifewith.(从更宏观的角度来看，我们都需要明白：等待不只是无可奈何的煎熬，更是一种极具意义的人生历练。)”可知，上文承认有些等待确实不合理，下文则转向更宏观的视角重新审视等待的价值，本空应起转折作用，指出不应因负面经历而忽视等待的价值。E选项“但等待带来的负面经历，不该让我们忽视它本身的价值。”能承上启下，符合语境。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Oneday,ourneighborcalledagaintoinvitemydaughterAngieovertoplay.Angierefused,soIhadtosayafib(小谎)whichsoundedalittle____21____thanaplainrefusal.Thissmall____22____forcedmetofacealong-heldstruggle:aridiculous____23____ofupsettinganyone,whichmadeitdifficultformetosayno.Irememberanothertimethatsameyear.Mysisterdroppedby____24____withherchildren.Forextraincome,sheneededmetobabysitwhileshecoveredsomeoneelse’s____25____thatevening.Exhaustedbymytwoyoungerkids,Icouldfeelthe____26____arousedinsideme.Reluctantly,Iagreedona____27____basis.Iwastryingtobe____28____butwasseizedwithanger.Awareofmydiscomfort,mysisteraskedwhatwaswrong.BeforeIknewit,thetruth____29____:shealwaysputmeonthespotandneveraskedme____30____!Shelookedatmeintheeye,arguingit’smy____31____.“Ifyoudidn’twantto,youshouldhavesaidno!Youcan’tagreetodoandthenblameme!Blameyourself!”Iwas____32____atfirst,butitwasthehardtruth.Ihadto____33____thefloor,cryingonmyknees,torealizeIneededtochange.Iboughtabookandtookaclassabouthealthy____34____.I’velearnedtokeep____35____relationshipswithothersandwithmyself.My“yes”meansyes,and“no”meansno—that’swheremypowerandfreedomare.21.A.nicer B.louder C.harder D.sharper22.A.incident B.celebration C.view D.accident23.A.promise B.belief C.habit D.fear24.A.frequently B.unexpectedly C.casually D.briefly25.A.shift B.package C.schedule D.visit26.A.comfort B.effort C.conflict D.joy27.A.rare B.optional C.sudden D.regular28.A.silent B.pleasant C.curious D.worried29.A.wanderedoff B.slippedout C.gotaway D.cameabout30.A.atlast B.forfree C.inadvance D.rightaway31.A.dream B.routine C.fault D.opinion32.A.angry B.amazed C.surprised D.delighted33.A.escape B.find C.clean D.hit34.A.debate B.lifestyles C.boundaries D.appetite35.A.distant B.honest C.close D.special【答案】21.A22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.D28.B29.B30.C31.C32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了作者因害怕得罪人而难以拒绝他人，最终学会设定健康界限的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：安吉拒绝了，所以我不得不说了一个小谎，这听起来比直接拒绝更委婉。A.nicer更友好的；B.louder更大声的；C.harder更难的；D.sharper更尖锐的。根据上文“Oneday,ourneighborcalledagaintoinvitemydaughterAngieovertoplay.Angierefused,soIhadtosayafib(小谎)whichsoundedalittle”和下文“thanaplainrefusal”可知，撒谎是为了让拒绝听起来不那么生硬，更委婉。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：这件小事迫使我面对一个长期存在的挣扎：一种荒谬的害怕得罪任何人的心理，这让我很难说“不”。A.incident事件；B.celebration庆祝；C.view观点；D.accident事故。根据上文“Angierefused,soIhadtosayafib(小谎)whichsoundedalittle______thanaplainrefusal.Thissmall”可知，前面提到拒绝邻居邀