大学英语四级模拟试卷822

大学英语四级模拟试卷822

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPopular

Music.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthe

outline（giveninChinese）below:1.许多年轻人热衷于流行音乐。2.旅行音乐受欢

迎的原因。3.你的观点、态度。

标准答案：PopularMusicManyyoungpeoplearesteadfastfansofpopularmusic.

Theygototheirfavouritesingers'liveperformances,theybuytheirlatestsingingalbums.

Theyarejustcrazyabouttheiridolsandbelovedmusic.Thereasonswhytheylike

popularmusicmaybeasthefollowingshows.First,comparedwithclassicalmusic,

popularmusicexpressesideasthatarccharacteristicoftheeraandhencecloserto

people.Theymayfindinpopularmusicthemostexpressionoftheirthoughts.Secord,

withmelodioustuneandcolloquialexpressions,popularsongsareeasytorememberand

quicktolearn.Third,tounderstandpopularmusicdoesnotneedmuchofhighlearning

orprofoundknowledge.Itsuitscommonpeople.Thoughpeoplerarelylistentoclassical

music,therearemanywell-knownpopularsongs.Enjoywhatisenjoyableinpopular

music,andyouwillfindthismusicisbeautiful,too.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共10

分。）

WatchoutforFallingSatellitesWhatIsHappening?Anout-of-controlUSspysatellite

willcrashtoEarthinthecomingmonths,governmentofficialssay.Thesatelliteislarge

enoughthatdebrisarclikelytosurviveatmosphericre-entryandstriketheEarth,

sometimeinlateFebruaryorearlyMarch,saysGordonJohndroe,aspokesmanforthe

NationalSecurityCouncil.IsThatNormal?"Thisisrelativelyroutineinthatsatellites

deorbitallthetime,"saysJohndroe.Piecesofuncontrolleddebrisheavierthantwostones

—mostlydiscardedrocketstages—crashtoEarthasoftenasonceeverythreeweeks,

saysJonathanMcDowell,anastronomerandlaunchobserverattheHarvard-Smithsonian

CenterforAstrophysicsinCambridge,Massachusetts.Manydiscardedpiecesretain

somepower,sothatcontrollersonEarthcanguidethemtoapointfarfromhuman

habitation,usuallyusingafinaldiveintoanocean.In2001,Russianspaceofficialsbroke

uptheoldMirspacestationinthiswayovertheSouthPacific.That'snotthecaseforthis

USone,however."Obviously,wewanttotakealookatthepotentialforittolandina

populatedarea,"saysJohndroe."Asbackground.I'dliketosaythatoverthepast30plus

years,therehavebeenmanysatellitesandotherman-madeobjectsfallingfromspace一

ofcourse,theyfallingwithverylittledamageandnoinjuries.Whatmakesthiscasea

littlebitdifferent,however,andinparticularforthepresidentinhisconsideration,was

thelikelihoodthatthesatellite,upondescenttotheEarth'ssurface,couldreleasemuchof

itsthousand-pluspoundsofhydrazinefuelasatoxicgas."WhatAretheChancesofIt

CrashingThroughMyRoof?Exceedinglyslim,saysMcDowell.Rememberthatsome

70%oftheEarthiswater,andmostlandsarevoidofpeople."Thereisnoreasonfor

peopletogetalarmedaboutit,"hesays.AccordingtotheNASAOrbitalDebrisProgram

Office,therehavebeennoconfirmedinstancesofseriouspropertydamageorinjury

causedbycrashingdebrisin40years.Thelikelihoodofthesatellitefallinginapopulated

areaissmall,andtheextentanddurationoftoxichydrazineintheatmospherewouldbe

quitelimited;nevertheless,ifthesatellitedidfallinapopulatedarea,therewasa

possibilityotdeathorinjurytohumanbeingsbeyondthatassociatedwiththefallof

satellitesandotherspaceobjectsnormally,ifwecanusethatword.Specifically,there

wasenoughofariskforthepresidenttobequiteconcernedabouthumanlife,andonthat

basis,heasksustoreviewouroptions.WhatIsThisSatellite?Sinceitisaspysatellite,

thisisn'tpublicinformation.ButitislikelytobeUSA193,which,accordingtonews

reports,waslaunchedattheendof2006fortheNationalReconnaissanceOffice(NRO)

andwhichwaslosttoground-basedcontrollersuponreachingorbit.Atthetime,amateur

skywatchersnoticedthatitsorbitwasslightlyoffandwasn'tbeingcorrected.Basedon

theslightlossesinaltitude,theyhadpredictedaneventualcrashthisspring,McDowell

says.IfthedyingsatelliteisindeedUSA193,itsspecificationscanbebetterdefined.

USA193waslaunchedonaBoeingDelta2rocket,whichlimitsthesizeofthesatellite

tobetweentwoandfourtonnesandfiveorsixmetersinlength-aboutthesizeofa

minivan,McDowellsays.Thissatelliteisnowatanaltitudeof250kilometersandis

fallingakilometerperday.Itorbitsinthemid-latitudes,between58degreesnorthand

south.Whereitwillfallwithinthatrangeisimpossibletoknownow,soMcDowellsays

thechanceoflandingintheUnitedStates,forexample,is2%,basedonarea.Better

estimatesshouldbeavailableadaybeforelanding.Isthe“Minivan-sized"SatelliteaBig

One?Nowherenearasbigasasatellitethatfelluncontrollablyin1979:themore-than-

70-tonneUSSkylabIcrashedthroughtheatmosphereandscattereddebrisacrossthe

IndianOceanandWesternAustralia.WhatWillHappentoThisOneonEntry?The

atmospherewilltearupthesatellite.Ahiminumpartsandouterlayerswillhurn.Twisted

chunksofheavierpieces,likethefueltank,couldsurvive.McDowellsaysthatthe

satellitecouldcontainasmuchasatonneofhydrazine,ahighlytoxicpropellantwhich

couldbehazardoustobenearbutnotdangerouswhendispersedintheatmosphere.Have

BitsofSatellitesSurvivedRe-entryIntactBefore?Yes.TheNASAOrbitalDebris

ProgramOfficehostssomepicturesofprettybigchunks,including:a250-kilogramsteel

fueltankanda30-kilogramtitaniumtankofalaunchvehiclethatbothlandedinTexasin

1997,anda70-kilogramtitaniumrocketmotorcasingthatlandedinSaudiArabiain

200i.Onenoteworthyill-fatedsatelliteactuallycrash—landedthroughtheroofofa

workshopsupportingitslaunchin2006,havingfallenfromabotchedtake-off.How

ManyThingsAreThereThatCouldPotentiallyFallOutofOrbit?Yes.NASAOrbital

DebrisProgramOfficesaystherearesome11,000objectsbiggerthan10centimeters

trackedbytheUSSpaceSurveillanceNetwork.Ofcourse,thebiggestman-madeobject

inthesky,byfar,istheInternationalSpaceStation.Nearly45meterslongandmorethan

200tonesheavy,theconcernabouttheISSisinproteciingitfromdebris,ratherthan

worryingaboutitbecomingdebrisitself.IfItLandsintheMiddleofNowhere,docsIt

Matter?Whiletheimpactislikelytobeanonevent,thefallingsatellitedoesserveasa

reminderthattheNRO-theUnitedStates"eyesandcarsinspace"—ishavingabad

timeofthings.In2005,theNROcancelledanext-generationreconnaissancetechnology

project,calledFutureImageryArchitecture,afterBoeinghadspentmorethan$4billion

onit,accordingtotheNewYorkTimes."TheNROhashadabaddecade,"saysJeffrey

Lewis,aspacepolicyanalystattheNewAmericaFoundationinWashingtonDC."We

knewthissatellitehasbeendeadforalongtime.Butitremindsusofhowmuchtrouble

they'vehad."

2、WhenwillthedisabledUSspysatellitecrashtoEarth?

SometimeinnextMarch.

B、PerhapsinnextFebruary.

C、OnthefirstdayofFebruary.

D^MaybeinearlyMarch.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干提问的是失控的卫星撞击地球的时间，原文中提到了inhue

FebruaryorearlyMarch,题目中的disabled是原文口out-of-control的同义转换，

因此可以判断选项D是正确答案。

3、McDowellsaysthatmostoftheheaviestuncontrolleddebriscrashingto

Earth.

A、aresatelliteswhichhavedeorbited

B、arethendiscardedinthreeweeks

C、comefromrocketlaunchings

D、stillhavepowertouse

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目中most和原文的mostly意义一致。文章中提到的那些重量在两

公吨以上的残骸大多是被遗弃的不同级别的火箭，因此残骸是来自于火箭发射，故

正确答案是C。

4、WhydoesJohndroesaythatthecomingcrashofthespysatelliteisdifferent?

A^Itwillbringverylittledamage.

B、Itmayreleasemuchtoxicgas.

C、Itmaylandinapopulatedarea.

D^Ithasbotheredthepresident.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本段是Johndroe对于这次卫星坠毁事件的分析，即过去三十多年

来，残骸坠毁很多，但几乎没有造成什么损毁和人员伤亡。最后一句则提到此次坠

毁事件的不同之处：此次可能会产生有毒气体的释放，因此正确答案是B。

5、HowwouldMcDowellliketheideathatpeopleshouldbewarnedofthecoming

crash?

A、Itisagoodidea.

B、Itisreasonable.

C、Itisuseless.

D^Itisunnecessary.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:题目中bewarnedofthecomingcrash是原文中getalarmedaboutit的

同义转换。文中McDowell分析了这颗卫星坠入居民区的概率，他认为概率很小没

必要警告，因此正确答案是D。

6、WhohadpredictedthecrashofUSA193beforethegovernmentuncoveredit?

A、Amateurskywatchers.

B>JonathanMcDowell.

C、GordonJohndroe.

D、Ground-basedcontrollers.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该句提到他们预测了这个春天卫星的最终坠毁，句中的ihey指的就

是前面一句中的业余的天空观测爱好者，即amateurskywatchers,因此定确答案是

Ao

7、WhatdoweknowaboutthesatelliteUSA193?

A、Itisfiveorsixmeterslong.

B、Itisofthesameshapeofasmallvan.

C、ItisverylikelytolandinAmerica.

D^Itismorethan70tonnes.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本段描述了USA193号卫星的技术参数，先后介绍了卫星的尺寸、

高度和运行区间。文中说的是卫星的大小与微型客车相当，而非形状，该段倒数第

2句提到残骸掉落到美国的概率是2%,因此可以先后排除其他选项而选择A。

8、Whichpartofthedyingsatellitecouldsurviveatmosphericre-entry?

A、TheAluminumparts.

B、Thepropellantcontainer.

C、Theouterlayers.

D、The250-kilogramsteelfueltank.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目问卫星在坠向地球的过程中哪些部件会留存下来。原文提到，铝

件和外层都会燃烧掉。燃料箱等比较重的残骸可能会剩下，因此可以选择B。

9、AccordingtoMcDowell,thepropellantofUSA193satellitecouldloseitstoxicity

whenitis.

标准答案：dispersedintheatmosphere

知识点解析：定位原文提到，McDowell说这枚卫星的燃料在接近时是有毒性的，

但是当在空气中扩散开时就没有危险性了。题目中的loseilsloxicity是对原文“失

去毒性”的意思的概括，因此确答案是dispersedintheatmosphereo

10、ToprotecttheISS,theUSSpaceSurveillanceNetworkshouldtrytokeepit

from.

标准答案:debris

知识点解析：由题目中的from表明，本空应填一名词或动名词。本段中第2句中

提到了国际空间站，最后一句提到了美国太空监测网对ISS的关注点是保护它远离

残骸而不是要担心它自己会变成残骸，即防止它受到太空残骸的撞击，因此正确答

案是debriso

11、ThedeadandfallingUSspysatelliteremindspeoplethatNROisinbignow.

标准答案：trouble

知识点解析：本段第1句中提到，这颗正在坠落的卫星起到了一个提醒作用，即提

醒人们注意到NRO的日子有点不好过。末句又提到，它提醒人们现在NRO遇到

了多大的麻烦，因此正确答案是trouble。

三、听力短对话（本题共/题，每题1.0分，共1分。）

12、

A、ShecanonlymakeitonSunday.

Shedoesn'tlikevolleyball.

C^Shedoesn'twanttoplayvolleyballonSunday.

D、ShewilltrytomakeitonSunday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：男士提出想将打排球的时间调换到星期天，女士问“你就只有这一天

能打排球吗?”其实是间接告诉男士星期天这个时间对她不合适，希望男士改其他时

候。A正好与原意相反；B属无关，D错在try。

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共，题，每题7.0

分,共7分。）

13、

A、Artisticandeconomic.

B>Concreteandobservable.

C、Scientificandhistorical.

D、Implicitandabstract.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

14、

A、Therelationshipofpurchasestotimespentinshopping.

B、Thelengthoftimerequiredfordrugstoreshopping,

C、Theincreasesinthesizeandstockofdrugstores.

D^Thepurchaseofclothingfromdepartmentstores.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：选项概括性强，故本题可能考查对话话题。对话由一篇文章（由亚

article）所说的人们在药店买药所用的时间说起，进而引发双方对购物时间的讨

论，故答案为［A］。

15、

A^Adruggist'ssuggestion.

B、Anarticle.

C、Anadvertisement.

D、Asalesclerk'scomment.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：通过上题的分析，对话是由女士所读的一篇文章引起的，提及了人们

在药店买药所用的时间，男士的话Isawthatarticlejo。为本题答案出处，故答案为

|B|o

16、

A、Peopleenjoyshoppinginit.

B、Peoplespendlittletimeinit.

C、Peoplearemorelikelytobuysomethinginitiftimeislimited.

D、Peoplespendtoomuchtimereadingarticlesaboutquickcuressoldinthedrugstore.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：选项中的Peopleenjoy/spend,buysomethinginit,inthedrugstore等

表明.本题考查人们在计购物时的特点，且it可能指代thed门呼to0对话双方经？

讨论得出结论：去药店买药时若购物时间充足，你就会想或许在别的店可以买到更

便宜的东西等；相反，若时间紧急，你就会冲进店里，毫不犹豫就付款拿货，由此

可知答案为［0。

17、

A、Theyknowwhattheywanttobuy.

Theyhavelittlemoneytospend.

C、Theytalkthemselvesoutofpurchase.

D、Theyshopatthecheapeststores.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Theyknov/,shop,buy,purchase等表明，本题考查They的购物情

况。对话中男士说wantingtobuysomethingspecific...pickitup,payforit

immediatelyandthenleave,由此可知答案为［A］。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

18、

A^Crowdedairtraffic.

Thelargesizeofairplanes.

C>Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.

D、Badweather.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Whatcanmostseriouslyendangerairplanesaccordingtothispassage?

19>

A、79and176.

B、69and197.

C、69and176.

D、79and197.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Huwinan}'pabscngcibarcthereonbothplanesicspculivcly?

20、

A、Toshowthatairtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacar.

B、Toshowthegreatimportanceofthepilots.

C、Togiveanexampleofairdisasters.

D、Toshowthekeyroleplayedbyairtrafficcontrollers.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:Whywerethetwolargejetsspeciallymentioned?

21、

A、TheyarethemostattractivewomeninBritain.

B、Theyarethemostpopularfilmstars.

C^TheyarethefirstwomennewsannouncersonBritishtelevision.

D、TheyappearalmosteverynightinTVplays.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目询问为什么SusanRippon和AnnaFord在英国很出名。关键是听

到“她是第一个女新闻播报员“，可知选项C正确。

22、

A、At10intheevening.

B、At9intheevening.

C、At9inthemorning.

D、At10inthemorning.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题目询问Anna什么时候播新闻。关键是听到“Anna在独立电视台播

10点档的新闻“，可较容易选出A（晚上10点）。

23、

A^Peoplestilltalkalotaboutit.

B、FewerpeoplewatchedSusan'sprogrammefromthenon.

C、Arma'sphotographsappearedfrequentlyinnewspapers.

D^Thenumberofviewersofherprogrammethatdayincreasedbymillions.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目询问我们怎么知道Anna第一次亮相非常吸引人。关键是听到

“当Anna首次出现在新闻节目中时，上百万平时不大看这个节目的人也收看，欲

一睹AnnaFord的风采”，因此可判断选项D是正确的。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共I题，每题1.0

分，共I分。）

24、

A、Dinners.

Movies.

C、Novels.

D、Classes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。选项为一些活动内容，可以预测问题是在博物馆里可以参加

哪些活动。作为文章最后一题，应重点关注结尾处的列举，其中B与文中的film

showings同义，为答案。虽然D也是可以参加的活动，但是题干中已经出现了

educationalservices,应排除u

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

FromMondayuntilFriday,mostpeoplearebusyworkingorstudying,butinthe

eveningsandon[Bl]theyarefreetorelaxandenjoythemselves.Somewatch

televisionorgotothemovies;others[B2]insports.Itdependson[B3]

interests.Therearemanydifferentwaystospendour[B4]time.

Almosteveryonehassomekindsof[B5].Itmaybeanythingfromcollecting

stampstomakingmodelairplane.Somehobbiesarevery[B6],butothers

don'tcostanythingatall.Somecollectionsareworthalotofmoney,whileothersare

[B7]onlytotheirowners.Iknowamanwhohasa[B8]collection

worthseveralthousanddollars.[B9].Ontheotherhand,myyoungest

sistercollectsmatchboxes.Shehasalmost600ofthembutIdoubtiftheyareworthany

money.[BIO].That'swhatahobbymeans,Iguess.[Bl1]

.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant,butthepleasureitgivesusis.

25、[Bl]

标准答案：weekends

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、[B2]

标准答案：participate

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、[B3I

标准答案：individual

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、[B4]

标准答案：spare

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、[B5]

标准答案：hobby

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、[B6]

标准答案：expensive

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、[B7]

标准答案：valuable

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、[B8]

标准答案：coin

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、[B9]

标准答案：Ashorttimeagoheboughtararefifty-centpieceworth$250!Hewashappy

abouthispurchaseandthoughtthepricewasreasonable.

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、[BIO]

标准答案：However,tomysistertheyareextremelyvaluable.Nothingmakesher

happierthanafindanewmatchboxofhercollection.

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、[B11]

标准答案：Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthefunofit.

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读(选词填空)(本题共7。题，每题7.0分，共

10分。)

Inthecauseofequalrights,feminists(女权主义者)havehadmuchtocomplainabout.

Butonestrikingpieceofinequalityhasbeen[SI]:lifespan.Inthisarea,womenhave

the[S2]hand.Allroundtheworld,theylivelongerthanmen.Whytheyshoulddosois

not[S3]obvious.Butthesameistrueinmanyother[S4].Fromlionstoantelope

andfromsealionstodeer,males,forsomereason,simplycan'tgothedistance.One

theoryisthatmalesmust[S5]forfemaleattention.Femalesarcnotsubjecttosuch

pressure.Ifthistheoryiscorrect,theeffectwillbeespecially[S6]inthosevarieties

wheremalesrivalfortheattentionoflotsoffemales.Conversely,itwillbereducedor

absentwheretheydonot.Thalobviouslytakesitstolldirectly.Butamoredelicateeffect

mayalsobeatwork.Mostscholarsofageingagreethatananimal's[S7]lifespanisset

byhowlongitcanreasonablyexpecttoescapepredation(掠夺行为),disease,accident

anddamaging[S8]byothersofitskind.Ifitwillbekilledquicklyanyway,thereisnot

muchreasonforevolutiontodivertscarceresourcesintokeepingthemachinein

excellentcondition.Thoseresourcesshould,instead,be[S9]toreproduction.Andthe

more[SIO]theoutsideworldis,theshortertheuppermostlifespanshouldbe.

A)overlookedF)threateningK)spontaneousB)upperGlundoubtedlyL)devoted

C)aggressionH)speciesM)combineD)immediatelyI)evidentN)uprightE)clumsy

J)competeO)maximum

36、[SI]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨义题[考频：11]。空格处位于hasbeen之后，缺少谓语动闷，

因为没有直接宾语，因此需要填入不及物动词的被动式。该句意为：男女不平等中

令人吃惊的一面却常常被忽视：男女寿命不等。由此可知，A)overk)oked”故意忽

略，忽视”符合题意。

37、[S2]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：形容词辨义题[考频：空格处位于定冠词the和名词hand之间.

因此需填入形容词。该句意为：通观全球，女性通常比男性更长寿，因此女性在长

寿方面有优势。B)upper"上面的”符合题意。upperhand为固定搭配，意为“优势，

上风，有利地位”。

38、[S3]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：副词辨义题[考频：7]o空格处位于be动词和表语。bvious之间，因

此需填副词修饰。bvious.该句意为：世界各地女性的寿命都比男性长，但原因尚

不能马上得知。由此可知，D)immediate1y”立即，马上，直接地”符合题意。

39、[S4]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：名词辨义题[考频：12]。空格处位于形容词“her之后，缺少名词。

该句意为：其他很多物种也存在同样情况。H)species“种类”符合题意。

40、[S5]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：动词辨义题[考频：11]。空格处位于must之后，缺少谓语动词，后

面与介词for连用，因此需要填入不及物动词。该句意为：一种理论认为，雄性必

须靠竞争来赢得雌性的注意。因此J)compete”竞争，比赛，对抗”符合题意。

41、[S6]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：形容词辨义题f考频；81。空格处位于be动词和副词especially之

后，因此需要形容词作表语，该句意为：如果这种理论正确，那么在那些雄性为赢

得众多雌性青睐而争夺的种群中，这种结果就会特别明显。因此I)evident”明白

的，明显的“符合题意。

42、[S7]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：形容词辨义题[考频：8]。空格处位于所有格animal's和名词life卬an

之间，因此需要形容词。该句意为：大多数研究衰老的学者都认为动物合理预期的

最长寿命取决于能否逃避...。因此O)maximum”最高的,最多的,最大极限的：

符合题意。

43、[S8]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨义题[考频：12]。空格处位于形容词damaging之后，缺少名

词，并且该词应与predation,disease,accident同义，表达负面意义。该句意为：

大多数研究衰老的学者都认为动物合理预期的最长寿命取决于能否逃避掠杀、疾

病、意外事故和同类进攻。因此C)aggression"进攻，侵略”符合题意。

44、[S9]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：动词辨义题[考频：11]。空格处位于shouldbe之后，介词I。之前，

需要填入动词的被动语态。该句意为：相反，这些资源应该用于繁衍，因此

L)devoted符合题意。bedevotedto为固定用法，意为“把...专用(于)

45、[S10]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：形容词辨义题[考频：8]0空格处缺少形容词，修饰theoutside

worldo该句意为:外部世界威胁越大，寿命就越矩。因此F）threatening”恐吓,威

胁”符合题意。

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分，共10分。）

Bringingupchildrenishardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorof

yourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHamshasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,have

noimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.

Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhoodcompanions.Ms.

Harristakestobitstheassumptionwhichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyfor

almosthalfacentury.MsHarris'sattackonthedevelopmentalists1"nurture"argument

lookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,

whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarin

personalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?Orthatapairof

identicaltwins,rearedin:hesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwins

rearedindifferenthomes?Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparental

upbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupin

childhoodandadolescence.MsHarrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomes

soonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguage

issurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshunt

for.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxedly,orfromlearningtobe

honestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshave

littleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs

Harrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheircontemporaries.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,

parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhom

theiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeople

suspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andpeople'schild-

rearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceof

influencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingable

todemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthe

friendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,

parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

46、Accordingtothepassage,developmentalistswouldagreewithwhichofthe

fallowingviews?

A、Childrentendtoassumetheirparents?personality.

B、Childrenrearedinthesamehomearesimilarinpersonality.

C^Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.

D、Identicaltwinsunderthesameparentsdevelopseparatepersonalities.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。此题考查的是developmenlalisis的观点。这个词出现在

第二段第一句，这句话中的attackon表明了MsHarris是反对developmentalists的

观点的。那么MsHarris的观点是什么呢?根据第一段可知，MsHarris支持的观点

是Parents...havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityof

theirchildreno由此可以推断，developmenlalisis是反对这一观点的。养清了各自的

立场之后，再来看第二段第二句。首先要理解nomore...than…的意思是“与…同样

不...”。这句话是说，twoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes的个性不同是正

常的，如果父母果真有影响的话，那么为什么twoadoptedchildrenrearedinthe

samehome也不同呢?也就是说，如果developmentalists的观点正确的话，two

childrenrearedinthesamehome的个性应该相同。因此，选项B最为合适。

47>MsHarris'sconclusionwouldbemoreconvincingif.

A、shehadbasedstudyexclusivelyontwins

B、shehadattackedthedevelopmenlalisismoreharsh'y

C>shehadtrulyunderstoodthedevelopmentalists'views

D、shehasprovidedevidencepointingtodevelopmentalcharacteristics

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。题干使用的是虚拟语气，暗示了MsHarris'sconclusion

还没有彻底让人信服的(convincing)。第三段第二句是说MsHarris指出的一，个论

据，第三句用Bui把话锋一转，之后的内容很有可能就是其结论还没有彻底让人信

服的地方。这段话最后一句说，尽管provethatparentshavelittleimpactonthose

qualities也许非常容易,但是itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore。言

外之意是，MsHarris还没能证明peershavevastlymoreimpactonthosequalitieso因

此，如果她能提供证据，她得出的结论就会moreconvincing。选项D息符合题干

要求。

48、Theauthorbelievesihat.

A、peershavelittleimpactonchildren'sdevelopment

B、MsHarris'sworkstrengthensthedevelopmentalists,views

C、evidenceshouldbeprovidedtoprovepeerinfluenceonchilddevelopment

D、MsHarris'sworkhadlittleeffectonthedevelopmentalists,"nurture"argument

标准答案：C-

知识点解析：事实细节题。第三段和第四段基本上是作者在阐述观点。那么可以用

排除法来解此题。选项A说，孩子的同龄人对他们的成长几乎没有影响，而作者

在第三段第一句只是提到来自同龄人的影响maybehardertomeasure,因此排除

A。第二段第一句是说Ms.Harris'work似乎加深了已经存在的疑惑，而不是ihe

devclopmcntalists,views,因此排除B。第三段指出，提供证据来证明同龄人对孩

子成长有影响是非常困难的，但如果可以提供出来，MsHarris的结论就更令人信

服了，因此选项C符合作者的观点。第二段第一句说明Ms.Harris飞work对the

dcvelopmcntalists'"nurture"argument还是有影响的,虽然这种影响是负面的,因此

排除D。

49、Theword"ditched"inPara.5couldbestbereplacedby"

A^proved

B、ignored

C、understood

D、compared

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义理解题。dilched出现在第四段第一句，这句话以Moreover起

始，表明它是上一段内容的递进。既然第三段是说MsHarris的结论的不足之处是

缺少证据，那么这一段应该是说其结论的其他缺陷。第四段第二句：也许正如Ms

Harris所说，年轻人看起来很像他们同辈的人。第三句的Bui进行转折说，在孩子

还小的时候，家长会给孩子选择交往的伙伴；下文进一步说，人到中年就会更像他

们的父母，就连他们抚养孩子的习惯也受到家长的影响。这些都是MsHarris的结

论中的不足之处；从以上分析可以看出，mumanddad对孩子的成长不但有影响，

这种影响还是长期的。因此，选项ignored最符合文章语境，即父母的作用不能被

完全忽视。

50、Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageis.

A、tocriticallycommentonMsHarris'swork

B、toobjectivelyreportonMsHarris'swork

C、tohighlypraiseMsHarris'swork

D、tototallyrejectMsHarris'swork

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨大意题。结合题干和选项可以看出，此题考查的是作者对Ms

Harris'work持有一种什么样的态度。作者在第一段给出了MsHarris的观点；第

二段是说本来developmentalists的观点就存在着令人费解的地方，MsHarris的反驳

更让人疑惑了；第三段说明了加深疑惑的原因是，监测家长对孩子的影响本来就很

难，而衡量同龄人对孩子的影响却更难。作者在此提出了MsHarris观点的不足；

第四段是说，父母对孩子的影响不容忽视一这是MsHarris观点的另一个不足。而

文章并没有说MsHarris的理论是错误的，而且作者在第四段第二句用丁一个may

表示了自己对MsHarris理论的正确与否也是不确定的。因此，选项A为作者的主

旨。

Desertification（沙漠化）inthedryUnitedStatesisveryserious.Groundwatersupplies

beneathvaststretchesoflandaredroppingrapidly.Manyriversystemshavedriedup.

Hundredsofthousandsofacresofpreviouslyirrigatedcroplandhavebeenabandonedto

windorweeds.Severalmillionacresofnaturalgrasslandareerodedatunnaturallyhigh

ratesasaresultofcultivationorovergrazing（过度放牧）.Alltold,about225million

acresoflandareunderseveredesertification.Federalsubsidies住卜贝占）encouragethe

exploitationofdrylandresources.Low-interestloansfbrirrigationandotherwater

deliverysystemsencouragefarmersandindustrytominegroundwater.Federaldisaster

reliefandcommodityprogramencouragedry-landfarmerstoplowupnaturalgrassland

toplantcropssuchaswheat,especially,cotton.Federalgrazingfeesthatarewellbelow

thefreemarketpriceencourageovergrazingofthecommons.Themarket,too,provides

powerfulincentives(激励)toexploitdrylandresourcesbeyondtheircarryingcapacity.

Theincentivestoexploitdrylandresourcesaregreaterthanever.Thegovernmentisnow

offeringhugenewsubsidiestoproducesyntheticfuelfromcoaloilaswellasalcoholfuel

fromcrops.Moreover,commoditypricesareontherise;andtheywillprovidefarmers

andagriculturalbusinesseswithpowerfulincentivestooverexploitaridlandresources.

Theexistingfederalgovernmentcost-shareprogramsdesignedtohelpfinancethe

conservationassoil,water,andvegetationarepaleincomparisontosuchincentives.In

thefinalanalysis,whenviewedinthenationalperspective,theeffectsonagricultureare

themosttroublesomeaspectofdesertificationintheUS.Foritcomesatatimewhenwe

arelosingoveramillionacresofrain-wateredcropandgrasslandperyeartohigher

uses—shoppingcenters,industrialparks,housingdevelopment,andwastedump一

regardlessoftheeconomicneedoftheUStoexportagriculturalproductsorofthe

world