考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷358

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷358

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

WhatiftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,uniquelyfoundedtopreserveliberty,ceasedto

existasafreeandindependentnation?Whatifthelegalprinciplesuponwhichthenation

wasfounded,thosethatrecognizethenaturalrightsofman,weresubmergedand

harmonizedwiththelawsofothernations,lawsalientothetraditionsoffreedom

bequeathedtothenationbythebrilliantwisdomoftheFoundingFathers?Would

individualscontinuetobefreetopursuetheirdreams?Wouldparentscontinuetobefree

toimparttheirownvaluestotheirchildrenandtoworkfortheirfuture?Orwouldaveil

ofoppressionslowlyobscuretheAmericandream?Itseemspreposterous,butthe

questionoftheageiswhetherAmericashallremainfreeandindependentorwhetherit

willbesubordinatedtosemealienbureaucracythatwillpreventourgreatcountryfrom

pursuingitsowndestiny.Anagreementwasreachedin1993throughwhichinternational

legalstructuresmightactuallyforcetheabandonmentoftheentiregovernmental

frameworkbuiltsocarefullybytheFoundingFathers.ThatagreementwastheNorth

AmericanFreeTradeAgreement（NAFTA）anduponit,asitsproponentshaveargued,can

bebuiltthefutureintegrationofCanadaandMexicowiththeUnitedStates.Indeed,

NAFTAalonealreadyhashadasubstantiallydeleteriouseffectonthewell-beingofthe

citizensofthenation.Butifleftunchallenged,itposesagreaterthreatforthefuture:the

potentialfinaldissolutionoftheUnitedStatesthroughtheharmonizationofU.S.law

withthatofCanadaandMexico.TheAmericandreamismadepossiblebyournational

independenceandpersonalfreedom.Butinternationalistshaveaconflictingdream,that

ofanintegratedhemispheremodeledaftertheEuropeanUnion.Andthatintegrationis

comingquicklyifinternaiionalistshavetheirway.InitsreportentitledBuildingaNorth

AmericanCommunity,theinfluentialNewYork-basedCouncilonForeign

Rclations（CFR）callsfor"thecreationby2010ofaNorthAmericancommunity...Its

boundarieswillbedefinedbyacommonexternaltariffandanoutersecurityperimeter

withinwhichthemovementofpeople,products,andcapitalwillbelegal,orderly,and

safe."It'saplanthathasthesupportofPresidentBushwho,attheWhiteHouseon

February16,2001,announcedthattheUnitedStates,withCanadaandMexico,"will

strivetoconsolidateaNorthAmericaneconomiccommunity."ItisNAFTAthatisthe

basisfbrthisplannedintegration.NAFTAisnotaboutcreatingjobsandprosperity,asits

backersallege.Instead.NAFTAisaboutformulatingaNorthAmericanUnion,thenext

stepsofwhicharejustoverthehorizon.If,forfuturegenerations,wewishtopreserve

theAmericanwayoflife,wemustkeepAmericafreeandindependent—andthatmeans

withdrawingfromNAFTAbeforeit'stoolate.

1Byaskingseveralquestionsinthefirstparagraph,theauthorintendstoshow

that.

A、Americaisnolongerafreeandindependentnation

B、theAmericandreamhasbeentotallyabandoned

C^thetraditionoffreedomisaninvaluablelegacy

D、theAmericanwayoflifeisbeingthreatened

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段第一句“but”之后的部分说明了第一段所问问题的核心所在，

那就是"whetheritwillbesubordinatedtosomealienbureaucracythatwillpreventour

greatcountryfrompursuingitsowndestiny"，所以，D应为答案。

2、Theword“preposterous”(LineI,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.

A、absurd

prevalent

C、deleterious

D、controversial

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第二段第一句所说的“Itseemspreposterous”的意思是“这似乎

preposterous^,表明作者并非真正认为第一段所提的问题“preposterous"。所以，A

应为答案。

3、Theauthorarguesthatwiththeagreementreachedin1993,.

A、Americawillstillbeafreeandindependentnation

B、Americawillpreventitselffrompursuingitsowndream

C、Americawillbeforcedtoabandonitsownvaluesentirely

D、Americawillbeharmoniouslyintegratedwithitsneighbors

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段第二句"Anagreementwasreachedin1993throughwhich

internationallegalstructuresmightactuallyforcetheabandonmentoftheentire

governmentalframeworkbuiltsocarefullybytheFoundingFathers"，C应为答案。

4^TheauthorassertsthatNAFTA.

A、threatensthefutureofNorthAmericannationsseriously

callsforthecompromisebetweenU.S.anditsneighbors

CsfacilitatestheharmonizationofU.S.withothercountries

D、preventsU.S.frommaintainingitsnationalindependence

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据第二段最后一句"Butifleftunchallenged,itposesagreaterthreat

forthefuture：thepotentialfinaldissolutionoftheUnitedStates…以及第三段前两

句“TheAmericandreamismadepossiblebyournationalindependence....But

internationalistshaveaconflictingdrcam...”,D应为答案。

5、ThesupportersofNAFTAclaimsthatit.

A^createsjobsandprosperityforNorthAmericanations

B>setsabouttoconsolidateaNorthAmericancommunity

C>preservestheAmericanwayoflifeforfuturegenerations

D^formulatesafreeandindependentNorthAmericanUnion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据最后一段第一句"NAFTAisnotaboutcreatingjobsand

prosperity,asitsbackcrsallege^,A应为答案。

Theinherencyofgoodorevilinhumansisatrickquestion.Onemustassume,sincethere

isnomoralcodeintheanimalkingdom,thathumansarcneitherinherentlygoodnorevil

andthatmoralityisnothingmorethanavaluablehumaninvention.Atonepoint.Humans

werelittlemorethanadvancedapes.Welivedaccordingtothefoodchain,wanderingin

smallbands,lefttothemercyoftheenvironmentandoneanother.Wefoughtover

women,landandfoodaswedrudgedthroughtheveryslowinfancyofourspecies.Over

thisstretchoftime,ourmindsbegantheassenttointelligenceandweslowlywentabout

developingcommunitiesandprimitiveformsofgovernment.Ourmoralitybegantogrow

withintheseprimitivecultures.Itisn'thardtoimaginehowdevelopingamoralcode

wouldbeusefulinpreservingandstrengtheningacommunity.Itisalwayspreferableto

notkill,rapeorstealfromyourneighborinthatitbuildssolidarityandtrust.Onemight

occasionallylendahandinthehopesthatonedayheorshewouldberepaidinsome

way.Inthesemodestbeginningswefindthebudthatisnowtheflowerofourmorality,

oursenseofgoodandevil.Throughmoraleyes,weputqualitiesordrawsonthingsthat

aren'tnecessarilygoodorevil.Adriverwholetsusintohislaneduringatrafficgridlock

isgood.Thecornerofyourdoorframethatyouconstantlystubyourfootagainstisa

pieceofshit.Whenyouwatchanaturechannelandseealionchasingagazelle,thelion

isthebadguy.Onemightdefine"good"inthisway:goodisanythingthatstrengthens,

preservesorenablesthepositivemovementandevolutionofourcommunities,countries

andourspecies.Thisisanextremelybroaddefinition,onethatmustbeopentorevision

andquestion(Iwarnthereaderthattheprocessofprovingthegoodtobegoodis

ridiculousandtedious).Obviously,anythingbadwouldbetheoppositeofthedefined

good.Labelinganewbornasinherentlyevilis,frankly,nothingmorethanreligious

stupidity.Onemustsafelysaythattheyaregood,andthattheyarcinnocentandworthy

oflove,careanddeserveanupbringinginthemostpositiveenvironmentpossible.

Humanitypresupposesmorality;thereforeitisnotpossibleforahumantobeborn

inherentlymoralorimmoral.Thetruthissimpleanddevastating:humansareinherently

human.

6、Theauthorassumesthathumans.

A、inheritmoralityfromtheirancestors

B、havelimitedsenseofmoralityatbirth

C、arebornwithnosenseofmoralityatall

D、havetheabilitytotellrightfromwrong

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段可知，人天生既不善也不恶。所以，C应为答案。

7、Theauthorthinksthathumans.

A、liveanddieintheworldjustlikeanimals

B>developedtheirmoralityintheevolution

C>havedispositiontobekindandforgiving

D^arestillatthemercyoftheMotherNature

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第三段中的“OverthisStretchoftime,ourmindsbegantheassent

tointelligence...Ourmoralitybegantogrowwithintheseprimitivecultures”可知，人类

的道德感是在进化过程中逐步培育出来的。所以，B应为答案。

8、Theauthorarguesthatamoralcode.

A、definessuitableactivitytoracommunity

isbaseduponwell-definedvaluesystems

C^cultivatesandregulatesallsocialactivities

D、arisesfromthedevelopmentofself-identity

标准答案：A

知识点解析:根据第四段中的“…developingamoralcodewouldbeusefulin

preservingandstrengtheningacommunity.Itisalwayspreferabletonotkill,rapeor

stealfromyourneighborinthatitbuildssolidarityandirust”可知，道德准则可以规范

人在社会中的活动。所以，A应为答案。

9、Intheauthor'sopinion,thedefinitionofgood

A、isinseparablefromsocialmores

B、varieswidelyindifferentcultures

C、variesaccordingtocircumstances

D、issubjecttochallengeandchange

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据第七段中的“Thisisanextremelybroaddefinition,onethatmustbe

opentorevisionandquestion..nJ»善的定义是可以质疑和修改的。所以，D应为

答案c

10NAccordingtothetext,humansattheirbirth.

A、deservelivinginapositiveenvironment

B、areinnocentandworthyofloveandcare

C、canbelabeledneithermoralnorimmoral

D、inheritvaluablelegacyfrompredecessors

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据最后一段中的“Humanitypresupposesmorality；thereforeitisnot

possibleforahumantobeborninherentlymoralorimmoral、'可知，人生来既谈不上道

德也谈不上不道德。所以，C应为答案。

TheUnitedStateseconomyproducedroughly$15trillionworthofgoodsandservicesin

2008,makingiteasilythelargestintheworld.Chinaisnext,atabout$12trillion,

accordingtoonewidelyusedestimate.Perperson,theAmericaneconomyhasthefourth

largestoutput—morethan$45,000foreveryman,womanandchild,onaverage—behind

Luxembourg,BermudaandLiechtenstein,allhavensforoffshorebanking.In2007,the

Americaneconomybegantoslowsignificantly,mostlybecauseofareal-estateslump

andrelatedfinancialproblems.InDecember2007,theeconomyenteredarecession,

accordingtoacommitteeofacademiceconomists,overseenbytheNationalBureauof

EconomicResearch,thatiswidelyconsideredthearbiterofrecessions.Thecommittee

definesarecessionasabroad-basedandprotracteddownturnineconomicactivity,and

itsmemberstypicallywaitmanymonthsbeforeannouncingthatarecessionhasended.

Bynearlyallaccounts,therecessioncontinuedintoearly2009,makingitthelongestone

indecades.Theeconomywaslastinrecessionin2001.Contrarytowidespreadbelief,

theterroristattacksof2001didnotcausethedownturnthatyear.Theeconomyslowedas

thedot-combubblestartedleakinginearly2000andbegantoshrinkinearly2001.The

recessionendedinNovember2001.Overthelastfewdecades,recessionshavebecome

lesscommonthantheyoncewere.BenS.Bernanke,theFederalReservechairman,and

othershavedescribedthisdevelopmentasthe"greatmoderation".Whiletheeconon'y

usedtoswingbetweenexpansionandcontractioneveryfewyears,therehadbeenonly

tworelativelybriefrecessionsoverthelast25yearsbeforethecurrentdownturn.Perhaps

themostimportantreasonforthechangeisthenewflexibilityofbusinesses.Executives

cannowtracktheupsandclownsoftheirsalesandinventoriesmorecloselythanthey

usedto,thanksinlargeparttocomputers.Bettertransportation,likeFedEx,alsohelps

companiestokeeptheirwarehouseslean.Soacompanyislesslikelytofinditself

suddenlystuckwithtoomanyworkersandproducts—andthenhavetomakesharp

cutbacks.Yettherearealsonowincreasingworriesthataboominconsumerspending,

helpedalongbymoreconsumerdebt,playedalargeroleinliftingeconomicgrowth

andmoderatingitsswings-overthelastgeneration.Ifthisisthecase—andiftheendof

thedebtboomleadstoslowerconsumerspending,asseemstobehappening-economic

growthmayslowsignificantlyincomingyears,evenaftertherecessionends.

11、ItisimpliedinthetextthattheUnitedStatesis.

A、clearlybehindseveralEuropeancountriesineconomy

acountrywiththehighestoutputvalueintheworld

C、likelytofallbehindChinasooninthevalueofoutput

D、muchmoreproductivethanotherdevelopedcountries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章第一句"TheUnitedStateseconomyproducedroughly$15

trillionworthofgoodsandservicesin2008,makingiteasilythelargestintheworld”,

B应为答案。

12、TheeconomicrecessionintheUnitedStates.

A、deservesparticularattentionofacademiceconomists

B、isondoubtunprecedentedintheseverityandduration

C^embodiesintheprolongeddeclineofeconomicactivity

D、cameafterthefinancialcrisissweepingaroundtheworld

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段中的“InDecember2007,theeconomyenteredarecession,

accordingtoacommitteeofacademiceconomists,…”和第三段中的“Thecommittee

definesarecessionasabroad—basedandprotracteddownturnineconomic

activity,上下文,C应为答案。

13、Thelasteconomicrecessionin2001intheU.S..

A、resultedfromthedot-combubbleburst

B、wascausedbytheSeptember11thevent

C>wasnotinaccordwithwhatwasexpected

D、reflectedtheinevitabilityofeconomiclaw

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据笫四段中的“Theeconomyslowedasthedoi-combubblesianec

leakinginearly,2000andbegantoshrinkinearly2001”，A应为答案。

14、Economicrecessionshavebecomefewersince.

A、thereisanewmechanismtoavoideconomicswing

B、businesseshavebecomemoreflexibleinproduction

C^newtechnologieshavebeenemployedinbusinesses

D、nocompanieskeeptoomanyworkersandproducts

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第六段第一句"Perhapsthemostimportantreasonforthechangei*

thenewflexibilityofbusincsscs”和该段后几句的具体分析，B应为答案。

15、Theauthorsuggeststhatcontributestoeconomicgrowth.

A、theexpectedspendingboom

B、thereductionofnationaldebt

C、theendofeconomicrecession

D、therobustconsumerspending

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据最后一段第一句中的“Yettherearealsonowincreasingworriesthat

aboominconsumerspending...playedalargeroleinliftingeconomicgrowth..D应

为答案。

Somepublicationsthatrankschoolsandcollegessaytheydoittopromote

accountability;otherssaytheydoittoprovideinformationtoconsumers.Thoseofus

whoworkwithstudentsandparentshavegravedoubtsaboutthesemotivations,doubts

thatwereconfirmedwhenTheWallStreetJournal*sreportertoldoneofusthat"this

typeofstorygetsalotofreaders".Indeed.Ourbeliefisthatrankingsexistnotbecause

theyhelp,butbecausetheysell.Therealityweseeeverydayisthatthechoiceofa

collegeisaverypersonalmatter,onethattakesintoaccountmanydifferentfactorsthat

allcombine,sometimesmysteriously,intowhatwecanonlycharacterizeastheright"fit.

"Rankingsneverhelpusfindthatfit,fortheymisusedatainsuggestingonecancapture

ageneralrealityforallapplicants,failingtounderstandthegreatdifferenceswcsee

betweenindividualhumanbeingstryingtomakesenseoftheirownsituationsamida

widearrayofoptions.Ifthereisanytypeofrankingtobedeveloped,itcanonlybea

personalone,donebasedonone'sownuniquesetofcriteria.Nooneranking"fits"all.

Farmoreimportantthanwhereonegoestocollegeishowwelloneengageswiththe

opportunitiesaffordedbythatcollege,howmuchonelearnsatthatcollege,andhowwell

oneispreparedforfurtherstudyandadultlife'srealchallenges.Somehighlyranked

placesturnouttragicallywrongforstudentswhomanagetogetinbutfindtheburdenof

additionalcompetitionjusttoomuchtobear,whileless-publicizedcollegesturnouttobe

powerfullypositiveplacesforyoungpeopleweknow.Eachyear,especiallyinthe

selective,college-preparatory,tuition-consciousschoolswherewework,weseestudents

andparentswhoarevulnerabletotherankings-drivenreasoningthattheymust

matriculateatacertainsetofplaces;otherwise,goestheconventionalwisdom,theywill

havefailedatsomeonecke'snotionofwhatconstitutesearlyadultsuccess.Wc

understandthedesiretosimplifythecomplex,toquantifythequalitative,topostaTop

10orarankingtosatisfythemarket-drivenneedtoselladspaceanpublications.Butwe

rejectdoingsowhenitcomestocollegesandschools.Wewhocounselyoungpeopleand

theirparentswouldurgethatsuchratingsandrankingsconcernmattersofentertainment,

nottheeducationsofindividualhumanbeingswhoneedmorerealhelpfromtheadultsin

theirlives.

16、Theauthorbelieves:hatrankingschoolsandcollegeshelpspubl